上海浦东新区2020届高三英语一模试卷+版含答案

英语学习讲义浦东新区2019学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测2019.12高三英语试卷2019.12考生注意：.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2,本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Atabank.B.Atapostoffice.C.Atatravelagency.D.Atanairport.A.Waiter.B.Salesman.C.Mechanic.D.Accountant.A.June3rd.B.June13th.C.July13th.D.July30th.A.Businessmanagement. B.Britishliterature.C.Popularscience. D.Classicalmusic.A.Carryalotofcashonher.CancelthetriptotheU.S.Searchforinformationonline.Tryvariouspaymentmethods.A.Hewillgiveprioritytothelecture.Hewilldeliveralecturetothegraduates.Hewillattendthegraduationceremony.Hewillpreparepresentsforthegraduates.A.Jackhaspaidoffallthedebtsthroughhardwork.只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义JackandSamhavewonthefirstplaceinthecontest.Theyrelaxedthemselvesthewholesummerholiday.Therobotcontestwasheldintheinnovationlaboratory.A.Peterhardlynoticesthechangesinhisclass.Peterhasgreatlychangedhispersonality.ThemanwassurprisedtolearnPeter,ssuccess.Peterhasreceivedtrainingindeliveringspeeches.A.Thewomanforgottopreparethegifts.Thegiftswerepurchasedattheairport.Themanisverypleasedwiththepicture.Thespecialgiftsappealtothemangreatly.A.Hedidn,ttakeanypicturesattheceremony.Heforgottotakehiscellphonetotheceremony.Hecouldn,trecordeverydetailbecauseheranaway.Hetookonlyafewphotosbecauseofthelimitedstorage.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandalongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedsomequestionsonthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Bydonatingmoneytohelpthoseinpoverty-strickenareas.Byreducingthepriceofthefoodthathasgonebad.Bygivingawaytonsoffoodtodevelopingnationseveryyear.Bylaunchingastoresellingfoodoncethrownintothetrashbin.A.Thegeneralpublic. B.Thelow-incomepeople.C.Thecharitystaff. D.Theretailers.B.$700,000.C.$30,000.D.$50,000.A.$1trillion.B.$700,000.C.$30,000.D.$50,000.只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Snoworicesculptures. B.Paradesonroads.C.Chalkdrawingsonpavements. D.Sandpaintings.A.Hepreferstodohisartworkalone.Hemostlycreateshisworksincities.Heusuallyspendsashortwhilecreating.Hehasattractedmanypeopleinfashionindustry.A.Whyartisnoteasytoforget.Thehistoryoftemporaryart.A“temporary”artistworkhisHowtomakeimpressivetemporaryart.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.HowEnglishfoodismade.WhyIndianfoodsareoftentasteless.Whyfoodsinsomecountriesarespicy.HowspicyfoodwasintroducedintoEngland.A.Thefoodincoldregionsisusuallytasty.Theclimatehaslittleeffectonthelocalfood.IndiaandEnglandhavequitesimilarclimates.Spicyfoodcausespeopletosweat,coolingthemoff.A.Theycoverthebadsmellsoffood.Theygivethefoodauniqueflavor.Theyslowdownthegrowthofbacteria.Theycomeinhandywherethereisnorefrigerator.A.Thementionofgarlicandonionmakesthewomanhungry.Theplantsandbacteriacanliveinharmonytosomeextent.Theuniqueflavoroftheplantshascontributedtotheirsurvival.Ittakeslongertimeforthoseplantslikeonionsandgarlictogrow.只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ANewHeroisHeretoSavetheDayIt,sthoughtthatwhenaherolikeBatmanisblessedwithgreatpower,heorshemustendurelonelinessandsufferingasaresult.TheFlash(闪电侠)，however,makesafun,lightning-quickandoptimisticsuperhero.AfterthewildsuccessofTVseriesArrow,aTVnetworklaunchedTheFlash,(21)(show)theimageofthisSuperhero,whowasonlyasupportingcharacterinArrow.LikeSpiderman,whogainedtheabilitytomakewebsandclimbwallsafterhe(22)(bite)byaspider,BarryAlleninTheFlashwasshockedintosuperhero-statusbyaccident.AstrikefromalightningputAllenintoanine-monthunconsciousstate,andwhenheemerged,hefoundhimself(23)(equip)withsuperspeed.Naturally,AllenslipsonacolorfulsuitandbecomestheFlash,ahero(24)extremespeedtofightsuper-poweredbadguys.ButtheFlashalsohasotherpurposes,namelyfindingoutthetruthbehindhismother,sdeathandhisfather,sunjustimprisonment.Inlinewithsuperheroseriesstandards,TheFlashfeaturesactionandeye-poppingspecialeffects.There,snothingterriblyinnovativehere,but(25)wedogetisauniquesuperherowithamoreunusualpersonality.(26)Allenhasgonethroughunpleasantchildhoodexperience,inthisshowhegrowsintoasuperhero(27)powersincludeoptimism.He,sgotagroupofscientiststhatnotonlysavehislife,butalsoprovidehimwithemotionalsupportandthetoolsnecessary(28) (fight)crime.AbigsurpriseformewasthatTheFlashcastPrisonBreakstarWentworthMillerasabadcharacter,whousesagunthat(29)turnanythingintoice.USshowsbegantheirentranceintotheChinesemarketwithFriends,butPrisonBreakpushedinterestinUSTVseriestoanewheightlargelythankstoMiller'swonderfulacting.NowMiller'sbacktoactinTheFlash.(30)isanicesurprisethatthisnewshowservesasaplatformforPrisonBreakfanstorevisittheiroldfavorite,althoughthistimearoundhe,sananZagonis*反派角色).只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.accustomedB.advancesC.commandD.commonE.drainF.minimizeG.preciselyH.reducedI.renewJ.sustainablyK.victimsCriticismoftheFastFashionInthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn,taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant,ssweaterwas31overtheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirlprobablyfoundherclothes.Thistop-downconceptofthefashionbusinesscouldn,tbemoreoutofdateorinconflictwiththemadworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline,sthree-yearaccusationof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,32intechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandpredictdemandmore33-Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedstock,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon,tadvertisethat-andto_34_theirwardrobe衣橱)everyfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavecontrolledfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylong35toaseasonalpace.The 36 ofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthat37naturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes-andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan'tbeimitated.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortsto38 theirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybemadebycustomers.Sheexhibitstheidealism_39_tomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Va^i仅虚荣心')isaconstant;peoplewill只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义onlystartshoppingmore_40_whentheycan,taffordnotto.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice.Itisthefirstmediamachinethatservesasthemodeofproduction(youcanmakestuff),meansofdistribution(youcanuploadstufftothenetwork),siteof41(youcandownloadstuffandinteractwithit),andplaceofpraiseandcriticism(youcancommentonthestuffyouhavedownloadedoruploaded)._42_,thecomputeristhe21stcentury,sculturemachine.Butforallthereasonsthereareto43thecomputer,wemustalsoactwithcaution.Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhasstartedasecretwarbetweendownloadinganduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactive44:-whoseoutcomewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoimagine.Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafewuploadanythingbesidesfacesandtheirownbodies.Humansare45intheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundandusethemtocreatesuperfluoU过剩的)materialgoods(paintings,sculptureandarchitecture)andsuperfluousexperiences(music,literature,religionandphilosophy).46,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumancultureandultimatelywhatitistobehuman.Downloadingandconsumingculturerequiresgreatskills,but_47_tomovebeyonddownloadingistoroboneselfofadefiningingredientofhumanity.Despitethepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestill_48downloadmode,broughtaboutbytelevisionwatching.Evenafterthe49ofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidofproductionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylargergroupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentageremainingsatisfiedtojust501Thenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearsto51theflowcausedbyTVviewing,toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningfuluploading.Thecomputerofferstheopportunitytobringaboutacomplete52fromthecultureoftelevisionandashiftfromaconsumptionmodeltoaproductionmodel.Thisisahistoricopportunity.Fiftyyearsoftelevisiondominancehasgivenbirthtoanunhealthyculture.The 53_isnowinourcollectivegrasp.Itinvolvescontrollingourintake,ordownloading,and_54_ourlevelsofactivity-uploading.只要坚持梦想终会实现

英语学习讲义Ofcoursepeoplewillstilldownload.Nobodyuploadsmorethanatinypercentageoftheculturetheyconsume.Butusingthenetworkedcomputerasadownload-onlydevice,orevenadownload-mainlydevice,isa_55 opportunitythathistoryaffordsus.Therefore,thegoalmustbetoestablishabalancebetweenconsumptionandproduction.41.A.celebrationB.conversationsC.receptionD.ceremonies42.A.WithoutdoubtB.InreturnC.InparticularD.Bycontrast43.A.liberateB.celebrateC.concernD.reject44.A.requestB.supportC.defenseD.creation45.A.unique B.familiarC.efficientD.loyal46.A.InadditionB.InfactC.ForinstanceD.Bytheway47.A.strivingB.comparingC.failingD.attempting48.A.optimisticaboutB.unfamiliarwithC.stuckinD.ashamedof49.A.transformationB.emergenceC.encounterD.maintenance50.A.consumeB.neglectC.combineD.innovate51.A.enhanceB.quickenC.reverseD.extend52.A.outcomeB.exposureC.breakD.evolution53.A.puzzleB.cureC.regretD.favor54.A.analysingB.maintainingC.featuringD.increasing55.A.wastedB.treasuredC.multipliedD.revisedSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.只要坚持梦想终会实现

英语学习讲义（A）DameZahaHadid,theIraqi-bornBritisharchitectwhosetallstructuresleftamarkonskylinesandimaginationsaroundtheworldandintheprocessreshapedarchitectureforthemodernage.Shewasnotanaveragedesigner.Sheliberatedarchitecturalgeometry（几何），givingitawholenewexpressiveidentity.Geometrybecame,inherhands,avehicleforunprecedentedandeye-poppingnewspaces.Herbuildingselevateduncertaintytoanart,conveyedintheoddways.Herworkimplyingmobility,speed,freedomanduncertaintyspoketoaworldviewwidelysharedbyayoungergeneration.“IamnotEuropean,Idon,tdoconventionalworkandIamawoman,,,StrikinglyMs.Hadidneverallowedherselfonherworktobecategorizedbyherbackgroundorhergender.Andshewasoneofakind,apathbreaker.In2004,shebecamethefirstwomantowinthePritzkerPrize,architecture,sNobel.ZahaHadidwasborninBaghdadonOctober31,1950.Thenin1972,shearrivedatthearchitecturalassociationinLondon,acenterforexperimentaldesign.HerteachersincludedEliaZenghelisandRemKoolhaas.“Theyarousedmyambition,”shewouldrecall,“andtaughtmetotrustevenmystrangestinstincts.”Bythe1980sshehadestablishedherownpracticeinLondon.Andshebegantodrawattentionwithanunrealizedplanin1982—1983forthePeakClub.Herpartner,PatrickSchumacher,playedaninstrumentalandcollaborativeroleinhercareer.Mr.Schumachercoinedthetermparametric（参数的）designtoincludethecomputer-basedapproachthathelpedthefirm,smostweirdconceptsbecomereality.Ms.Hadidcalledwhatresultedinanorganiclanguageofarchitecture,basedonthesenewtools,whichallowustocombinehighlycomplexformsintoafluid（流线的）andcompletewhole.Hersourceswerenature,historyorwhatevershesoughtuseful.WhenherRosenthalCenter,arelativelymodestproject,openedin2003,HerbertMuschamp,thearchitecturecriticdeclaredit“themostimportantAmericanbuildingtobecompletedsincetheendofthecoldwar”.“Shewasbiggerthanlife,aforceofnature,”asAmaleAndraos,thedeanofColumbiaUniversity'sarchitectureschool,putit,“shewasapioneer.”Shewas.Forwomen,forwhatcitiescandesiretobuildandfortheartofarchitecture.WhatfeaturesthestructuresdesignedbyZahaHadid?B.Conventionaldesign.A.Freearchitecturalgeometry.B.Conventionaldesign.只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义C.Oddimagination. D.Colorfulpatterns.AccordingtoParagraphs3and4,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?ZahaHadidtaughtherselftotrustinstincts.TheplanforthePeakClubhasn,tbeencarriedout.Thearchitect,sgenderinfluencedherworkdramatically.ZahaHadidwasthefirstarchitecttowinthePritzkerPrize.Howdidthecomputer-basedapproachmakeadifferencetoZahaHadid,swork?Itcontributestorealizingthestrangeideas.Itsimplifiesthecomplexstructureasawhole.Itprovidesnewtoolstotranslatethelanguage.Itservesasaninstrumenttointerprettheconcepts.Thepurposeofthepassageisto .presentZahaHadid,slifeexperiencepraiseZahaHadid,sinspirationanddiligencecompareZahaHadid,sworksindifferenttimesshowZahaHadid'sgreatcontributionstoarchitecture(B)2020SANFRANCISCOWRITERSCONFERENCE17thCelebrationofCraft,Commerce&CommunityFebruary13-16,2020attheHyattRegencySanFranciscoSpeakers:*WalterMosley*JonathanMaberry*BrookeWarnerPlusauthors,editors,publishers&literaryagentsfromNewYork,L.A.&S.F.BayAreaVisitWWW.SFWtogetevent/contest/scholarshipdetails,accessonlineregistrationforthefreeSFWCNewsletter.ConsiderableEarlyDiscountsandSpecialRoomRates!只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义2019SANFRANCISCOWRITINGFORCHANGEAone-dayconferenceforallwriterswhowanttochangetheworldthroughtheirwriting.September14thattheUnitarianCenterDetailsandregistration:www.SFWritingforCSFWC/SanFranciscoWritersFoundationisanonprofitorganizationBehindtheScenesofaWritingConferenceWhenyouattendawritingconference,youseeafacadethattookmonthsorlongertomakeup.Plentyisgoingonbehindthescenes.Let,stakealookbehindthecurtain.Thedaystartslongbeforeattendeeswalkthroughthedoor.Registrationissetup,signspostedandtablesarranged.Logistics(后勤)allfallontheconferenceorganizers.Forexample,theannualconferenceIdirectinSanFrancisco(seetheposterabove)isasimpleone-dayconferencethattakesmorethaneightmonthstoputtogetherandaround15staffandvolunteerstomanage.Largermulti-dayconferenceshaveevenmoregoingonbehindthescenes.Overseeingitallistheconferencedirector,aconductorwhotypicallyworkswithcommitteedirectorstomakesureeverythingrunssmoothly.Overthecourseoftheconference,staffersmakesureeverythingstaysontrack.It,snotunusualforstafftowalkmilesinadayandgowithoutmeals.Conferencestaffandvolunteersarealwaysbehindthecurtainsmakingsureyourexperienceisperfect.Thenexttimeyouattendawell-runwritingconference,takeamomenttothankstaffandvolunteersfortheirdevotion.Theydeserveallthepraisetheycangetbecausewithoutthem,therewouldbenoconference.Theunderlinedwordfacaderefersto.theeffortbehindthescenesthescenesvisibletothepublictheliterarymasterpieceondisplaythematerialdistributedatthemeetingWhat,sthelatesttimetostarttoarrangefortheone-dayconferenceinSanFrancisco?只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义A.July,2019.B.March,209.C.September,2019.D.January,2019.Accordingtothewriter,theattendeesofthe2020SanFranciscoWritersConferenceshouldpraisethe .A.threespeakersB.authorsandeditorsC.staffandvolunteersD.corporatesponsors(C)Eachyear,backedupbyagrowinganti-consumeristmovement,peopleareusingtheholidayseasontocallonusalltoshopless.Drivenbyconcernsaboutresourceexhaustion,overrecentyearsenvironmentalistshaveincreasinglyturnedtheirsightsonour“consumerculture”.GroupssuchasTheStoryofStuffandBuyNothingNewDayaregrowingasamovementthatincreasinglyblamesallourillsonourdesiretoshop.Weclearlyhaveagrowingresourceproblem.Theproduceswemake,buy,anduseareoftenlinkedtothedestructionofourwaterways,biodiversity,climateandthelandonwhichmillionsofpeoplelive.ButtoblametheseissuesonChristmasshoppersismisguided,andputsusintheoldtrapofblamingindividualsforwhatisasystematicproblem.WhilewecomplainaboutenvironmentaldestructionoverChristmas,environmentalistsoftenforgetwhattheholidayseasonactuallymeansformanypeople.Formost,Christmasisn,tanadd-ontoanalreadyheavyshoppingyear.Infact,itislikelytheonlytimeofyearmanyhavetheopportunitytospendonfriendsandfamily,orevenjusttobuythenecessitiesneededformodernlife.Thisisparticularly,trueforBoxingDay,oftenthetargetofthestrongestderisiO嘲弄)byanti-consumerists.Whilewemaylaughatthequeuesinfrontoftheshops,formany,thosesalesprovidetheonechancetobuyitemsthey,veneededallyear.AsLeighPhillipsargues,“thisisoneofthefewtimesoftheyearthatpeoplecanevenhopetoaffordsuch‘luxuries,,theChristmaspresentstheirkidsareaskingfor,orjustanappliancethatworks.”Indeed,therichest7%ofpeopleareresponsiblefor50%ofgreenhousegasemissions.ThisbecomesparticularlyharmfulwhenyoutakeintoaccountthatthoseshoppingonBoxingDayareonlyasmallpartofourconsumption“problem”anyway.Whyareenvironmentalistsattackingtheseindividuals,whileignoringsuchpeopleasRussianbillionaireRomanAbramovich,whohashisown£1.5bnyachtwithamissiledefencesystem?Anyway,anti-consumerismhasbecomeamovementofwealthypeopletalkingdowntotheworkingclassabouttheirlifechoices,whileignoringtherealcauseofourenvironmentalproblems.Itisnowonderoneischangingtheirbehaviours-orthatenvironmentaldestruction只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义continueswithoutanyreductioninintensity.Itisindicatedinthe1stparagraphthatduringtheholidayseason,manyconsumers.ignoreresourceproblemsarefascinatedwithpresentsareencouragedtospendlessshowgreatinterestinthemovement.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphs2and3thattheenvironmentalistmovement .hastargetedthewrongpersonshasachieveditsintendedpurposeshastakenenvironment-friendlymeasureshasbenefitedbothconsumersandproducersTheexampleofRomanAbramovichisusedtoshowenvironmentalists’.madnessaboutlifechoicesdiscontentwithrichlifestyleignoranceabouttherealcausedisrespectforholidayshoppersItcanbeconcludedfromthetextthattellingpeoplenottoshopatChristmasis .A.anythinglessthanaresponsibility B.nothingmorethanabiasC.indicativeofenvironmentalawareness D.unacceptabletoordinarypeopleSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Regrettably,thatpointhasnotyetcome.Elephantnumbersstartedfalling.Theexistenceofevenasmalllegalmarketincreasestheopportunitiesforillegaltrade.Theypointoutthattheyhavedevotedhugeresourcestotheelephant.Inthelongruntechnologycanhelpmaketradecoexistwithconservation.Oneanimal,assoofteninthepast,willattractmuchoftheattention:theAfricanelephant.TheBanonTradingIvorf象牙）isUnfairbutNecessary只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义Asinsomecountrieselephantpopulationhaverecovered,therearecompetingproposalsabouthowabsolutethebanonelephanttradingshouldbe.Countriesseekingamodestrelaxationhaveastrongcasetomake.Butitisnotstrongenough.Thebanmuststay.Understandably,countriesthathavedoneagoodjobprotectingtheirelephantsfeelthisisunfair.67.Andtherealburdenofallthisisbornebypoorlocalpeoplewhoareincompetitionwithwildlifeforresources,andsometimesinconflictwithit—elephantscanbedestructive.Peopleandgovernments,sotheargumentgoes,needtohaveaneconomicstake（利害关系）intheelephants,survival.Theivorytradewouldgivethemone.Tounderstandwhythesereasonable-soundingproposalsshouldberejected,considerwhathashappenedtoelephantnumberssincesomelegaltradewasauthorised,whenBotswana,NamibiaandSouthAfricawereallowedin2007tosellafixedamountofivorytoJapan.68.Asurveyconductedin2014-15estimatedthatelephantnumbershadfallenby30%across18countriessince2007.69 Inbetter-resourcednationalparks,dronesareusedtomakeiteasierforparkkeeperstospotillegalhunters.DNAtestingofivorycanidentifywheretheycamefrom,andthuswhethertheyarelegal.Aspricesofthetechnologiesfallandcountriesgetricher,bothtechnologiesarelikelytospread.Theobjectiontotradeinproductsofendangeredspeciesisnotmoral.Whentheworldisconfidentthatitwillboostelephantnumbersratherthanwipethemout,theivorytradeshouldbeencouraged.70.Anduntilitdoes,thebesthopefortheelephant-andevenmoreendangeredspecies,suchasrhinos（犀牛）一liesnotineasingthebanontradingtheirproducts,butinenforcingitbetter.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.. HowSupermarketsAreChangingBritainTheBritishlovetheirsupermarkets.Andtherearemoreandmoreofthemeveryyear.Butisthisagoodthing?Notnecessarily.Forastart,manysmallshopscan,tcompeteonpricewithsuperstoressuchasTesco.Andtheydon,thaveasmanyproductseither.Asaresult,36%oftheUK,ssmallshopsshutdownbetween1990and1996whilethenumberofsupermarketsincreasedfrom457to1,102.SupermarketshaveevenhadanegativeeffectontheBritishpub.Beerandwineismuchcheaper只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义inasupermarketthaninapub.Therearenowover55,000supermarketsintheUK,butlessthan55,000pubs.Adecadeagothereweremorethan61,000.Thesedays,pubsareclosingattherateof39aweek!Supermarketsarealsobadforanimalwelfare.TheUKhashighstandardsinthisfield,butsomesupermarketsgettheirmeatfromabroad.Andinmanycases,thismeatisproducedunderconditionsthatwouldbeillegalintheUK.Butoncethey,vegotthemeat,supermarketsputaBritishflagontheproductasthemeatispackedthere.Dishonest?Notexactly,butitisn,tentirelytrueeither!Supermarketshaveapoorenvironmentalrecordtoo.Manyofthemdon,tstorefoodproductsthemselvesasstoragespaceisexpensive,sotheygetfoodproducerstodoitforthem.Thismeansthatsupermarketlorrieshavetomakemoretripstocollectsupplies.Inturn,thisincreasestheamountofpetrolused,whichleadstomorepollution.Supermarketsalsousealotofplasticpackaging,whichisn,tgoodfortheenvironmenteither.So,whatcanbedonetohelpthe“littleguys”?Notmuchreally.Supermarketshavealotofpower.Manypoliticalpartiesreceivedonationsfromsupermarkets.Andsupermarketsoftenusetheirmoneytoinfluencedecisions.Forexample,justbeforetheyear2000,onesupermarketgavethegovernment£12milliontohelpbuildtheMillenniumDomeinLondon.Later,planstotaxsupermarketcarparksweredropped.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets..何不喝杯咖啡提一下神？（Why）.随着每年元旦的临近，人们常常会反思这一年的得与失。reflect）.几个月前举行的展览如同一扇窗，从这里，世界能看到这个国家古老的文明从哪里来，向何处去。（which）.登山运动的吸引力不仅在于运动员之间的激烈竞争，还体现在运动员与自然环境的抗争中。（Notonly...）VI.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgiven只要坚持梦想终会实现英语学习讲义belowinChinese.班照图书痢图书类型漫画类期脱免实案Hu耗文学类・5%学科辅导类 50%联10% 20% 3d% 40% S0% 60%76.文华中学的读书节即将展开，学校将给每个班级配发图书（按下图显示的比例），放置在班级中，总量为20本。现在学校向学生们征求意见，假设你是该学校的学生李华，请你给学校写封邮件，描述提供的图书类型并谈谈你