欧洲光伏电站趋势-Utility-scale PV and string inverter market trends

GoodWe

7March2023

2:00pm–3:30pm|GMT,London

3:00pm–4:30pm|CET,Berlin,Madrid,Paris

4:00pm–5:30pm|EET,Athens

Utility-scalePVandstringinvertermarkettrends

MarjiaMaisch

Editor

pvmagazine

MarkHutchins

Editor

pvmagazine

AlvaroZanónDavidSánchez

TechnicalDirectorEMEA–SalesDirectorEMEA–

Utility&LargeScale

Utility&LargeScale

GoodWe

GoodWe

RyanAlexander

Researchlead

AuroraEnergyResearch

PeijunShen

SeniorManagerProductMarketing

LONGi

GoodWe

7March2023

2:00pm–3:30pm|GMT,London

3:00pm–4:30pm|CET,Berlin,Madrid,Paris

4:00pm–5:30pm|EET,Athens

Utility-scalePVandstringinvertermarkettrends

MarjiaMaisch

Editor

pvmagazine

MarkHutchins

Editor

pvmagazine

FelixJetter

TeamLeader

PowerPlantEngineering

BayWa

AlbertoCampayo

HeadofOperations

ProsoliaEnergy

NitishSinha

ProjectEngineerand

Inverterspecialist

Ecorus

Welcome!

Doyouhaveanyquestions??

SendtheminviatheQ&Atab.Weaimtoanswerasmanyaswecantoday!

Youcanalsoletusknowofanytechproblemsthere.

Wearerecordingthiswebinartoday.

We‘llletyouknowbyemailwheretofindit

andtheslidedeck,soyoucanre-watchitat

yourconvenience.?

GoodWe

7March2023

2:00pm–3:30pm|GMT,London

3:00pm–4:30pm|CET,Berlin,Madrid,Paris

4:00pm–5:30pm|EET,Athens

MarjiaMaisch

MarkHutchins

Editor

pvmagazine

Editor

pvmagazine

Utility-scalePVandstring

invertermarkettrends

Welcome

AlvaroZanón

TechnicalDirectorEMEA–Utility&LargeScale

GoodWe

MarkHutchins

RyanAlexander

GoodWe

7March2023

2:00pm–3:30pm|GMT,London

3:00pm–4:30pm|CET,Berlin,Madrid,Paris

4:00pm–5:30pm|EET,Athens

MarketanalysisandfuturetrendofEuropePVindustry

MarjiaMaisch

Editor

pvmagazine

Editor

pvmagazine

Researchlead

AuroraEnergyResearch

MacrotrendsinEuropean

SolarPVinvestment

March2023

©AuroraEnergyResearchLtd.–CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL2

Agenda

I.EuropeanpolicyenvironmentforsolarPV

1.RePowerEUtargetsandimplicationsforbuildoutrates

2.EUSolarEnergyStrategy

II.RevenuemodelsforsolarPV

1.Governmentsupportschemes

2.PPAsupply/demandbalancebymarket

3.SolarPVcapturepricesbymarket

3

I.REPowerEUPlan

TheCommissionhasproposedtoincreasetheEUrenewablestarget

to1236GWofcapacityby2030,requiring3xfasterdeployment

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

1236

167

1067

167

589

420

166

200

480480

205

22%

40%

+5

TargetinstalledREScapacitiesby20301

GW

+169

571

CurrentFF55REPowerEU

installed

capacity2

TargetRESshareoffinalenergyconsumption

%

45%

Achievedin2020,

surpassingthe20%target

OtherRES3SolarWind

70

50

40

Windandsolarcapacitycommissionedperyear1

GW

Requiredsolardeployment

90

increasesastargetsrampup+11

80

AverageREScapacity

additions2019-21:

28.9GW/year

60

AverageREScapacity

additionsinthe2010s:

19.6GW/year

30

20

10

0

2015202020252030

Avgbuildrate(2011-2019)Avgbuildrate(2019-2021)

1)ShownforEU-27only.2)Asattheendof2021.3)OtherRESincludeshydroandbiomass.

Sources:AuroraEnergyResearch,EuropeanCommission,Eurostat,WindEurope

▪The‘Fitfor55’(FF55)packagetargeted1067GWREScapacityby2030including480GWofwindand420GWofsolar

▪TheREPowerEUplanaddsafurther169GW,raisingthetargetto1236GWby2030withafocusonsolarPV,aimingfor320GWby2025and

almost600GWby2030

▪42GWofsolarwouldneedtobedeployedannuallyuntil2025,risingto53GWfrom

2026onwardswhile32GWofwindwouldneedtobedeployedannuallyto2030

▪Theserepresentacumulativeaverageof80GWrequiredannually,4xfasterthanaveragebuildrateoverthelast10years

▪Tosupportdeploymentofthesecapacities,theCommissionalsopresentstheEUsolarstrategyandEuropeanSolarRooftopInitiativeandplanstospeeduppermittingandinnovation

CONFIDENTIAL3

Sources:AuroraEnergyResearch,EuropeanCommissionCONFIDENTIAL4

EuropeanSolarRooftopsInitiative

Fasterandsimpler

permittingprocedures

Availabilityofabundantskilledworkforce

▪Aimsatunlockingthevast,underutilisedsolargenerationpotentialofrooftopswhichcouldprovidealmost25%oftheEU’selectricityconsumption

▪Permittingforallrooftopsolarinstallationswillbelimitedtoamaximumof3months

▪Provisionswillbemadetoensurethatallnewbuildingsare“solarready”andinstallationofrooftopPVmadecompulsoryfor:

i.Allnewpublicandcommercialbuildingsby2026

ii.Allexistingpublicandcommercialbuildingsby2027

iii.Allnewresidentialbuildingsby2029

▪TheCommissionpresentsa

Recommendation

onpermittingtohastenandsimplifytheprocedures

▪EnsureRESassetsqualifyforthebestproceduresavailableandaredeemedofpublicinterest&safety

▪Establishclearlydefined,fastandasshortaspossibledeadlinesforallthepermittingsteps

▪EstablishbindingmaximumdeadlinesforallrelevantstagesoftheEIAprocedure

▪Createasingleunifiedapplicationprocessfortheentirepermittingandgrantingprocess

▪Allowapplicantstoupdatethetechnologyspecificationsthroughtheprocesstofacilitatetheuptakeofinnovativetechnologies

▪AimsatensuringtheavailabilityofanabundantskilledworkforcetofaceupthechallengeofproducinganddeployingsolarenergyallacrosstheEU

▪MemberStatesareencouragedtoanalysetheskillsgapinthesolarenergysectoranddeveloptrainingprogrammesfitforpurpose,takingintoaccountthepotentialtoincreasewomen’sparticipation

▪AtEUlevel,aspartofREPowerEUplan,theCommissionwillbringtogethertherelevantstakeholdersintherenewableenergysector,tosetupanEUlarge-scaleskillspartnershipforonshorerenewableenergy,includingsolarenergy,underthePactforSkills.

▪AimstosecurediversityofsuppliesthroughmorediverseimportsandscaledupsolarPVmanufacturingintheEUofinnovativeandsustainablesolarPVstomitigatepotentialsupplyrisks

▪ThealliancewillincludearesearchandinnovationpillarwithstronglinkstoHorizonEuropeandatEUlevel:

−InvestEUcanprovidede-risked

financingtoprivateinvestments

−InnovationFundcanchannel

fundingtowardsinnovativezeroandlow-carbonequipment

−Recoveryandresilienceand

Cohesionpolicyfundstosupportrelevantprojects

II.EUSolarEnergyStrategy

TheEUSolarEnergyStrategyoutlinesacomprehensivevisionto

rapidlydeploysolarenergy

The

EUSolarEnergyStrategy

outlinesacomprehensivevisiontoswiftlyreapthebenefitsofsolarenergy,andpresentsfourinitiativestoovercomekeychallengesfaced.

EuropeanSolarPVIndustryAlliance

CONFIDENTIAL5

Agenda

I.EuropeanpolicyenvironmentforsolarPV

1.RePowerEUtargetsandimplicationsforbuildoutrates

2.EUSolarEnergyStrategy

II.RevenuemodelsforsolarPV

1.Governmentsupportschemes

2.PPAsupply/demandbalancebymarket

3.SolarPVcapturepricesbymarket

III

Germany:Marketpremiumschemeallowsformerchantupside

Nordics:SubsidiesabolishedforallmarketsbesidesDenmark–NO/SWE/FINaremerchantmarketwithPPAs1

Poland:NotallgenerationneedstobesoldunderCfD

Netherlands:SDE++asdownsideprotection,allowingtoparticipateinhighprices

Spain:AdjustmentmechanismallowsREStoparticipateinhighermarketprices

outacrossmostofEurope,withvaryingdegreesofmerchantexposure

What’snext:Addressingthetrade-offstheCommissionisfacing

Governmentsupportschemesarestillthebiggestdriverofsolarbuild-

Renewablesupportschemes:SomemarketsallowformerchantexposureImpactofEuropeanPowerMarketreformdiscussiononmerchantexposure

▪IfCfDswererolledoutasthedefaultrenewablesubsidyschemefornewassets,thiswouldespeciallyaffectdevelopersinmarketswherethecurrentinstrumentallowsformerchantupsides

−Forinstance,inGermanyandtheNetherlandssupportschemesservesasdownsideprotection,butallowsdevelopersbenefittingfrompricepeaks,whichwashistoricallymeanttofostermarketintegrationofrenewables

−Yet,CfDscouldhelpdevelopersreducecommercialrisksaroundcoveringtheirlevelisedcosts,bringingdownfinancingcost

−StrongerrelianceonCfDscouldchallengetheuptakeofPPAs,asCfDseliminatecounterpartyriskandcouldcrowdoutPPAsupply

▪ImposingCfDsonexistingassets(thosenotcoveredbyPPAs,e.g.post-subsidyassets)wouldbeanevenstrongerchallengetomerchantbusinessmodels

▪CreditguaranteescouldmakethePPAmarketmorenavigablefordevelopers,reducingofftakerriskandallowingthemtoaccesssmallerofftakersegments

▪Shouldthemajorityof(renewable)developersbecoveredbyCfDsorPPAs,anadditionalrevenuecapwillnotbenecessaryforthesetechnologies

Subsidyfree

One-sidedscheme

CfDwithmerchantexposure

Two-sidedCfD2

Feed-in-tariff

1)Exceptforoffshore.InDenmark,aninnovativetwo-sidedCfDexists.2)Franceallowsupto18monthsmerchantwindowbeforeenteringintotwo-sidedCfDcontract.

Sources:AuroraEnergyResearchCONFIDENTIAL6

Source:AuroraEnergyResearchCONFIDENTIAL7

III

Marketsize,compositionandoutlook

RisingPPAdemandfromutilities&corporatesprovidesan

opportunityfornewbuildrenewablestosecurestablerevenues

NewbuildrenewablesPPAdemandinEurope1

TWh

+337%

2022

2030

2025

▪PPAdemandtodayisderivedfromAurora’sownPPAdatabase,whilefuturedemandisestimatedbasedonAurora’sforecastofsectoralpowerdemandgrowthcombinedwithassumptionsaroundtheshareofeachsectorthatwillrequireaPPAandhavethenecessarycreditworthinessratings

▪PPAdemandisexpectedtoquadrupleoverthenextdecade,drivenbyEurope’sstrengtheningdecarbonisationtargetsandanincreasinglydiscerninggreenconsumerbase

ElectrolyserUtilityCorporate

xx%

Oversupplied

xx%

Undersupplied

DetailedcountrydataavailableinAurora’sEuropeanPPAReport(availableinJune).

NewbuildrenewablesPPAdemandin2030*

TWh

40% 7% 84%

94%

123%

107%

60%

268%

91%

116%

141%

94%

41%

553%

50%

179%

192%

169%

DEUFRAGBR ITA ESPSWE FINNLDPOLNORBELPRTHUNDNK IRXROUGRCBGR

▪

PPAdemandin2030isconcentratedinNorthwestEurope,withthetopfourcountriescontributingover50%oftotaldemand

▪

In2030,largemarketssuchasFranceandGermanyarestillundersupplied,havinghigherdemandforPPAsthancanbemetbytheirdomesticnewbuildrenewablefleets

▪

Cross-borderPPAscontinuetogrowinpopularitybuthavelimitedapplicationduetothebasisspreadriskbetweendifferentmarkets

1)AcrossAurora‘s18modelledcountriesinEurope.Electrolyserdemandestimatedbasedoncountrytargets.

BEL

BGR

DEU

DNK2

ESP

EST

FRA

GBR

GRC

HRV

HUN

IRL

ITA2

LTU

LVA

NLD

NOR2

POL

PRT

ROU

SRB

SVN

SWE2

V

EUR<60/MWhEUR60-80/MWhEUR>80MWh

Highlevelofhydropowergeneration

depressespowerpricesinthe

Nordics,loweringcaptureprice

revenuesavailableforrenewables

MostcountriesinWesternEuropeseeaverage

baseloadpricesbetweenEUR60-80/MWh,

largelydrivenbythemarginalcostofgasplants

Higherlevelsofthermalgenerationexpose

regionsinSouth-eastEuropetoincreasingcarbon

prices,puttingupwardspressureonpowerprices

andthereforerenewablecaptureprices

Projecteconomics

Thegenerationmixandloadfactorsaffectbaseloadmarketprices

andcapturepricediscountsacrossEurope

DetailedcountrydataavailableinAurora’sPowerandRenewablesMarketsubscriptions.

Averagebaseloadprice(2025–2040)*

EUR/MWh(real2021),Centralscenario

Legend

Solarcaptureprice1discounttobaseloadpricein2030*

%,Centralscenario

Europeanaverage2

▪Duetothehighcorrelationofsolargeneration,solarcapturepricesseeasignificantdiscounttobaseloadpricesby2030acrossmostofEurope

▪Thecapturepricediscountisthehighestincountrieswithrelativelyhighsharesofsolargenerationcombinedwithhighlevelsofthermalgeneration,leadingtohigherratesofcannibalisation(e.g.South-EasternEurope)

1)Usingcapturepricesassumingnoeconomiccurtailmenti.e.plantscontinuetogenerateduringnegativepriceperiods2)Averageacrosspricezones3)AverageacrossAurora’s24modelledcountriesinEurope

Sources:AuroraEnergyResearchCONFIDENTIAL8

EuropeanRenewablesMarketAttractivenessreport

Source:AuroraEnergyResearchCONFIDENTIAL9

EuropeanSolarMarketAttractivenessreport:Assistingyouwith

marketentryandpre-feasibilityactivitiesin24Europeanmarkets

Changessinceprioryearreport

✓Updatedrankingsbasedon2023fundamentally-modelledpriceforecastswithcommentaryonyear-on-yearchanges

✓(new!)Attractivenessofco-locationbusinessmodelsacrossmarkets

✓(new!)Analysisoflocationalsignalswithinmarkets

✓(new!)Analysisofbehind-the-metersolarPV

Supportedbyfundamentalmodellingin24Europeanmarkets

–Baltics(Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania)

–Croatia

–GB

–I-SEM

–Germany

–France

–Iberia(Portugal,Spain)

–Poland

–Nordics(Denmark,Finland,Norway,Sweden)

–Netherlands

–Italy

–Belgium

–Greece

–Hungary

–Romania

–Bulgaria

–Slovenia

–Serbia

EuropeanSolarMarketAttractivenessreportofferings

OutlineoftheEuropeanSolarReport

✓Overviewof18Europeanpowermarketsandtheeconomicsofutility-scalesolarPV

✓Forecastsofmajortrendsimportanttoopportunityforsolarincludingdemandgrowth,commodities,hydrogen

✓Marketattractivenessoverviewofmarketandpolicyindicators(inc.strengthofsubsidyschemes,permittingrisk,gridconnectioncosts/ease,locationalsignals,attractivenessforco-location)

✓Marketsizingincludingtotaldemand,solarcapacitygrowthandsolarcapacitygrowthunderNetZero-alignedpolicies,bycountry

✓PowerPurchaseAgreementmarketsizingandsupply/demandbalancebycountry

✓Heatmapstakingintoaccountforecastedbaseloadpricesandsolarcapturepricestoquicklyseethebestmarketopportunities

✓Summaryofkeypolicies&subsidyschemesbycountryandtheirdifferencesforutility-scalesolarPV

✓Forecastedreturnsforutility-scalesolarPVforfullymerchantcommercialoperationstartingin2025and2030

✓Summaryofrenewablesinvestmenttrendstohaveaviewofwhichmarketscapitalisbeingallocatedto

✓OneonehourcallwithourEuropeanresearchteamtodiscussthereport

CONFIDENTIAL10

DisclaimerandCopyright

GeneralDisclaimer

Thisdocumentisprovided"asis"foryourinformationonlyandnorepresentationorwarranty,expressorimplied,isgivenbyAuroraEnergyResearchLimitedanditssubsidiariesAuroraEnergyResearchGmbHandAuroraEnergyResearchPtyLtd(together,"Aurora"),theirdirectors,employeesagentsoraffiliates(together,Aurora’s"Associates")astoitsaccuracy,reliabilityorcompleteness.AuroraanditsAssociatesassumenoresponsibility,andacceptnoliabilityfor,anylossarisingoutofyouruseofthisdocument.Thisdocumentisnottoberelieduponforanypurposeorusedinsubstitutionforyourownindependentinvestigationsandsoundjudgment.Theinformationcontainedinthisdocumentreflectsourbeliefs,assumptions,intentionsandexpectationsasofthedateofthisdocumentandissubjecttochange.Auroraassumesnoobligation,anddoesnotintend,toupdatethisinformation.

Forward-lookingstatements

Thisdocumentcontainsforward-lookingstatementsandinformation,whichreflectAurora’scurrentviewwithrespecttofutureeventsandfinancialperformance.Whenusedinthisdocument,thewords"believes","expects","plans","may","will","would","could","should","anticipates","estimates","project","intend"or"outlook"orothervariationsofthesewordsorothersimilarexpressionsareintendedtoidentifyforward-lookingstatementsandinformation.Actualresultsmaydiffermateriallyfromtheexpectationsexpressedorimpliedintheforward-lookingstatementsasaresultofknownandunknownrisksanduncertainties.Knownrisksanduncertaintiesincludebutarenotlimitedto:risksassociatedwithpoliticaleventsinEuropeandelsewhere,contractualrisks,creditworthinessofcustomers,performanceofsuppliersandmanagementofplantandpersonnel;riskassociatedwithfinancialfactorssuchasvolatilityinexchangerates,increasesininterestrates,restrictionsonaccesstocapital,andswingsinglobalfinancialmarkets;risksassociatedwithdomesticandforeigngovernmentregulation,includingexportcontrolsandeconomicsanctions;andotherrisks,includinglitigation.Theforegoinglistofimportantfactorsisnotexhaustive.

Copyright

Thisdocumentanditscontent(including,butnotlimitedto,thetext,images,graphicsandillustrations)isthecopyrightmaterialofAurora,unlessotherwisestated.

Thisdocumentisconfidentialanditmaynotbecopied,reproduced,distributedorinanywayusedforcommercialpurposeswithoutthepriorwrittenconsentofAurora.

11

GoodWe

7March2023

2:00pm–3:30pm|GMT,London

3:00pm–4:30pm|CET,Berlin,Madrid,Paris

4:00pm–5:30pm|EET,Athens

Technologiesand

BestPracticesforModule

Applications

MarjiaMaisch

Editor

pvmagazine

MarkHutchins

Editor

pvmagazine

PeijunShen

SeniorManagerProductMarketing

LONGI

LONGiSolar@2022

Propellingthetransformation

100MW

UtilityScaleSolarPowerPlantHuanglongCounty,Yan’an,ShaanxiPronvice,China

Customer-drivenValueCreation

BestPracticesfor

ModuleTechnologiesandApplications

TheWorldLeadingSolarTechnologyCompany

Propellingthetransformation

MilestonesofLONGi

Eachmilestonehasbecomeakeyforcetopromotethedevelopmentoftheindustry

Thebeginning

Theeraofsemiconductortechnologyaccumulation

2000

LONGiwasestablished

2005

Formationofannualproductioncapacityof30tonssiliconingot

LONGiSolar@2022

Technologicalrevolution

Theeraoftechnologicalrevolutioninthemonocrystallinesiliconwafers

2012

A-sharemarketlisting

2014

World’sNo.1inproductionof

monocrystallinesiliconwafer

￮RCzIngotpulling

￮DiamondWireSlicingTechnology

￮M1/M2Siliconstandard

Industrialupgrading

Theeraofpromotingmonocrystallinebacktothemainstream

2015

Enteredsolarcellandmodulemarket

World’sNo.1inshipmentof

monocrystallinemodule

2018

Theworld'smostvaluablePVmanufacturer

￮PERCTrend

￮LIRTechnology

￮BifacialTechnology

Energytransformation

Theeraofutilizingsolartechnologytochangetheearth

Solarforsolar,Solarforall

Everyoneshouldbeabletobenefitfromcleanenergy

2019

Certifiedthelowcarbonfootprintby

CERTISOLIS

Setanotherstandardforultrahighefficiencymodule

￮M6SiliconWaferStandard

2020

Setabrandnewindustrystandard

￮M10SiliconWaferStandard

2021

LONGiestablishedtheHydrogenBU

LONGiLifecycleQuality

￮Productlifecyclequalitymanagement

LONGibrokethreemoreworldrecordsforsolarcellefficiency

￮N-typeTOPConSolarCellEfficiency

￮P-typeTOPConSolarCellEfficiency

￮HJTSolarCellEfficiency

2022

LONGiintroducedtheHi-MO6,itsfirstmoduledesignedexclusivelyfortheglobaldistributedconsumermarket.￮LONGi'shigh-efficiencyHPBCcelltechnology

WaferShipment

(2021)

ModuleShipment

(2021)

Propellingthetransformation

So,LCOEistheanchorfor‘bestpractice’

LCOE=

CAPEX

OPEX

€

€

ModuleisthemostimportantcomponentinsystemtodrivetheLCOEdown.

PVPLANT

MWh

ElectricityMarket

Howdowethinkonthe‘BestPractice’

IntheEyesofInvestor,thePlantisanInvestment

Revenue

€

LONGiSolar@2022

Propellingthetransformation

Costsavingratio

560W

21.9%

Mountsand

foundation

-2.8%

Combinerbox

/

Cables

-1.1%

Labor

-3.3%

Land

/

Whatanotherbeautifulthingofhighermoduleefficiency,itcandrivedowntheBOScostofthewholesystem

Hi-MO5

Increasing0.8%efficiencycansaveBOScost0.42c￠/W

Hi-MOx

Spanish;2PTracker

540W

21.1%

LONGiSolar@2022

Propellingthetransformation

WhatLONGididtoBOOSTtheModuleEfficiencyandYield

Bifacial

Smartsoldering

Halfcut

OptimumCellSize

BGa

GaDoped

WaferQuality

Ocontent-34%MinorityCarrierlifetime+18%

2014~2020

2011~2020

LONGiSolar@2022

Modulepower(W)

224%

550

Welding

198%

450

+9BB

370

po

330

Propellingthetransformation

Inpast7years,LONGipromotedthePERCmodulesandMakeitthemostcompetitiveproductonMarket

630

610

590

570

550

530

510

490

470

450

430

410

390

370

350

330

310

238%

23.3%

22.9%

21.9%

21.4%

535

540

20.8%

Modulesize

M10waferSmart

standardization

.

M6wafer

435

445

Conventionalsing

lecrystalcellefficiency

Half-cut

PERCcellefficien

cy

Mono-PERC

375

380

375

385

Module

wer

Monocrystalline

360

350

335

340

345

20152016201720182019202020212022

LONGiSolar@2022

Propellingthetransformation

ModuleCurrentMargin

Cell

size

Isc(A)

Max.diodecurrent(A)

Currentfactor

Requiredsafetyfactor(1+30%×75%*)×1.25

Safetymargin

156.75

10

18

1.800

1.531

17.6%

166

11.6

22

1.897

23.9%

182

13.9

25

1.799

175%

210

18.4

25

1.359

-11.3%

30

1.630

6.5%

84.95%

MechanicalLoads

Year

THENReliabilityandLifetimeareMatterforBestPractice

ApplicationExample

>19%additionalYieldbecauseoflowerdegradationandlongerlifetime.

TransparentBacksheet

100%

98%

87.2%

84.8%

80%

2025

01

30

10

Designwith182mmmodules

6rails

Designwith210mmmodules

9rails

LONGiSolar@2022

CatastrophicConditions

Propellingthetransformation

ProfessionalReliabilityAssessmentMethods

Basedontheresearchresultsofwell-knownresearchunitsandthird-partyinstitutionsintheindustry,LONGihasestablishedavarietyofdifferentiatedreliabilitytestingmethodstoevaluateproductandmaterialreliabilitymorequicklyandeffectively.

Full-ScenarioReliability

DiverseClimateconditions

HighlyAcceleratedThermalCycling

(HATC)

PerformanceatLowIrradiance

LeTID

DH+UVAging

Coldconditioning+Dryheat+HFsequencetest

PID

……

TC+UVAging

UV+TC+HFsequencetest

SaltMist

AmmoniaCorrosion

HailTest

Enlargethehailstoneto35mm

duringhailtest,

Verifythemodulereliabilityin

extremeweather.

Low-temperatureMechanicalLoadPerformance

Applylowtemperatureandstatic

mechanicalloadtomodules

simultaneously.Accuratelyverifythe

productreliability

WindTunnelThresherTest

Subjectedtoamaximumwind

speedof60m/s(~17magnitude

hurricane)forModuledesignand

installationvalidate.

FireResistanceTest

LONGimodulescanpassthe

highestfireresistancetest

(ItalyUNI9177Class1)

7

LONGiSolar@2022

Propellingthetransformation

TheThird-partyEvaluationofProductQuality&Performa