2023考研英语一答案解析

2023考研英语一答案解析【篇一：2023年考研英语(一)真题及答案】s=txt>sectioniuseofenglishdirections:readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarka,b,cordontheanswersheet.(10points)incambodiathechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,thoseoftheyoungwomen,butalsoamatchmaker.ayoungmancanalikelyspouseonhisownandthemaskhisparentstothemarriagenegotiations.ortheyoungman’sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarryingagoodfamily.thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.formerlyitlastedthreedaysbythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonandprayersofblessing.partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride’sandgroom’swrists,andacandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe.newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife’sparentsandmaywiththemuptoayear,theycanbuildaflewhousenearby.divorceislegalandeasyto,butnotcommon.divorcedpersonsarewithsomedisapproval.eachspouseretainspropertyheorsheintothemarriage,andjointly–acquiredpropertyisequally.divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudiceup.thedivorcedmaledoesn’thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarrythewomanmustwaitthemonths.参考答案：bdcacaccdbddbacdbaca1.[a]bywayof[b]aswellas[c]onbehalfof[d]withregardto2.[a]adaptto[b]providefor[c]competewith[d]decideon3.[a]close[b]renew[c]arrange[d]postpone4.[a]intheory[b]aboveall[c]intime[d]forexample5.[a]although[b]lest[c]after[d]unless6.[a]into[b]within[c]from[d]through7.[a]sine[b]or[c]but[d]so8.[a]test[b]copy[c]recite[d]create9.[a]folding[b]piling[c]wrapping[d]tying10.[a]lighting[b]passing[c]hiding[d]serving11.[a]meeting[b]association[c]collection[d]union12.[a]grow[b]part[c]deal[d]live13.[a]whereas[b]until[c]for[d]if14.[a]obtain[b]follow[c]challenge[d]avoid15.[a]isolated[b]persuaded[c]viewed[d]exposed16.[a]wherever[b]however[c]whenever[d]whatever17.[a]changed[b]brought[c]shaped[d]pushed18.[a]divided[b]invested[c]donated[d]withdrawn19.[a]clears[b]warms[c]shows[d]breaks20.[a]while[b]sowhat[c]once[d]inthatsectioniireadingcomprehension参考答案：adbcaadcddacdbadabcdbgdefpartadirections:readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosinga,b,cord.markyouranswersontheanswersheet.(40points)text1france,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwoman.itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat”inciteexcessivethinness”bypromotingextremedieting.suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.that’sastart.andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealth–assomehavedone.ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape–measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbeorbitersoftheirbeauty.andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.thefrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.indenmark,theunitedstates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreonpearpressureforenforcement.incontrasttofrance’sactions,denmark’sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.thenewlyreviseddanishfashionethicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.thecharter’smaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestocopenhagen.fashionweek,whichismenbythedanishfashioninstitute.butingeneralitreliesonaname-and–shamemethodofcompliance.relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.21.accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninfrance?[a]physicalbeautywouldberedefined[b]newrunwayswouldbeconstructed[c]websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive[d]thefashionindustrywoulddecline22.thephrase“impingingon”(line2para2)isclosestinmeaningto[a]heighteningthevalueof[b]indicatingthestateof[c]losingfaithin[d]doingharmto23.whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry[a]thefrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed[b]newstandardsarebeingsetindenmark[c]modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure[d]itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse24.adesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbycfwfor[a]settingperfectphysicalconditions[b]caringtoomuchaboutmodels’character[c]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors[d]pursuingahighagethresholdformodels25.whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?[a]achallengetothefashionindustry’sbodyideals[b]adilemmaforthestarvingmodelsinfrance[c]justanotherroundofstruggleforbeauty[d]thegreatthreatstothefashionindustrytext2forthefirsttimeinthehistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.inbritainthishashadacuriousresult.whilepollsshowbritonsrate“thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily.shakespeareandthenationalhealthservice(nhs)aswhatmakethemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.acenturyagooctaviahilllaunchedthenationaltrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever”.itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair”.hill’spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.theydon’tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.itneedsconstantguardianship.atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.theconservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizing“off–plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.theliberaldemocratsaresilentonlyusensingitschance,hassideswiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.itscampaigntoprotectruralenglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.thesensibleplacetobuildnewhousesfactoriesandofficesiswherepeopleareincitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.thelondonagentsstirlingackroyedrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesinthelandonareaalonewithnointrusionongreenbelts.whatistrueoflondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.theideathat“housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”ispurelobbytalk.theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthemunderlobbypressure,georgeosbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.whyruinruralones?developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip,afterthenetherlands,britainiseurope’smostcrowedcountry.halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernportugal,spainorireland.avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.26.britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside[a]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics[b]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily[c]didn’tstartfilltheshakespeareanage[d]hasbroughtmuchbenefittothenhs27.accordingtoparagraph2，theachievementsofthenationaltrustarenowbeing[a]largelyovershadowed[b]properlyprotected[c]effectivelyreinforced[d]graduallydestroyed28.whichofthefollowingcanbeofferedfromparagraph3[a]labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment[b]theconservativesmayabandon“off-plan”building[c]ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation[d]theliberaldemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence29.theauthorholdsthatgeorgeosbornes’spreference[a]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralarea[b]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis[c]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure[d]helastparagraphtheauthorshowhisappreciationof[a]thesizeofpopulationinbritain[b]theenviableurbanlifestyleinbritain[c]thetown-and-countryplanninginbritain[d]thepoliticallifeintoday’sbritaintext3“thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness”wrotemiltonfriedman,anobelprize-winningeconomist“thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits.”butevenifyouacceptfriedman’spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(csr)policiesasawasteofshareholders’smoney,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-act.newresearchsuggeststhatcsrmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompaniesatleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.thelargestfirmsinamericaandbritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearoncsr,accordingtoanestimatebyepg,aconsultingfirm.thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.first,consumersmaytakecsrspendingasa“signal”thatacompany’sproductsareofhighquality.second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany’sproductsasanindirectmaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.andthird,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect”wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.previousstudiesoncsrhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderamerican’sforeigncorruptpracticesact（fcpa）.itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany’sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations，theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.thestudyfoundthat，amongprosecutedfirms，thosewiththemostcomprehensivecsrprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm’spoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheircsrstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany’srecordincsr.“weestimatethateither【篇二：2023考研英语一真题及答案】directions:readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[a],[b],[c]or[d]onanswersheet1.(10points)thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareasrelatedasfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.thatis1astudypublishedfromtheuniversityofcaliforniaandyaleuniversityintheproceedingsofthenationalacademyofsciences,has2.thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofuelatedfriendsanduelatedstrangers.thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.while1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.asjamesfowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatucsandiego,says,mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10perhaps,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13thannalkinshipofbeingfriendswith14!oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeoples18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.thoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofeuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.sectioniireadingcomprehension1、what2、concluded3、on4、compared5、samples6、insignificant7、know8、resemble9、also10、perhaps11、to12、drive13、ratherthan14、benefits15、faster16、understand17、contributory18、tendency19、ethnic20、seepartareadthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[a],[b],[c]or[d].markyouranswersonanswersheet1.(40points)原标题：2023年考研英语一真题（完整版）text1kingjuancarlosofspainonceinsistedkingsdontabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.butembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicansleftintherecenteuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.so,doesthespanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?doesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforalleuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?thespanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwasfollowingtheendofthefranceregime,monarchscanriseabovemerepolitiesandembodyaspiritofnationalunity.itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpolitiesthatexplainsmonarchyscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.andso,themiddleeastexpected,europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingvaticancityandandorra).butunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsinthegulfandasia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.esoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.atatimewhenthomaspikettyandothereconomistsarewarmingofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.whileeuropesmonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itisthebritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromthespanishexample.itisonlythequeenwhohaspreservedthemonarchysreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.thedangerwillcomewithcharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.charlesoughttoknowthatasenglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchysworstenemies.21.accordingtothefirsttwographs,kingjuancarlosofspain[a]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.[b]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.[c]wasunpopularamongeuropeanroyals.[d]endedhisreigninembarrassment.22.monarchsarekeptasheadofstateineuropemostly[a]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.[b]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.[c]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.[d]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.23.whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtograph4?[a]theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.[b]aristocratsexcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.[c]thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.[d]thenobilitysadherencetotheirprivileges.24.thebritishroyalshavemosttofearbecausecharles[a]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.[b]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.[c]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.[d]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.25.whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?[a]carlos,gloryanddisgracecombined[b]charles,anxioustosucceedtothethrone[c]charles,slowtoreacttothecomingthreats[d]carlos,alessonforalleuropeanmonarchs21.dendedhisreigninembarrassment.22.cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus23.atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy24.bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.25.dcarlos,alessonforallmonarchiestext2justhowmuchdoestheconstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?thesupremecourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.thecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedcaliforniasadvice.enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.theyshouldstartbydiscardingcaliforniaslameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspectspurse.thecourthasruledthatpolicedontviolatethefourthamendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.asmartphonemaycontainanarresteesreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.thedevelopmentofcloudcomputing.meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.butthejusticesshouldnotswallowcaliforniasargumentwhole.new,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheconstitutionsprotections.orinkerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowthefourthamendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.26.thesupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto[a]searchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant.[b]checksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.[c]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.[d]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.27.theauthorsattitudetowardcaliforniasargumentisoneof[a]tolerance.[b]indifference.[c]disapproval.[d]cautiousness.28.theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphonecontentiscombleto[a]gettingintoonesresidence.[b]handingoneshistoricalrecords.[c]scanningonescorrespondences.【篇三：2023考研英语一真题答案解析】pclass=txt>真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）sectioniuseofenglishdirections:readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarka,b,cordontheanswersheet.(10points)incambodiathechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,１thoseoftheyoungwomen,butalsoamatchmaker.ayoungmancan2alikelyspouseonhisownandthemaskhisparentsto3themarriagenegotiations.ortheyoungmansparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.4,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.5aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying6agoodfamily.thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.formerlyitlastedthreedays7bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8prayersofblessing.partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,9cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebridesandgroomswrists,and10acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe11.newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewifesparentsandmay12withthemuptoayear,13theycanbuildaflewhousenearby.divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.divorcedpersonsare15withsomedisapproval.eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis18equally.divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice19up.thedivorcedmaledoesnthaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20thewomanmustwaitthemonths.1.[a]bywayof[b]aswellas[c]onbehalfof[d]withregardto2.[a]adaptto[b]providefor[c]competewith[d]decideon3.[a]close[b]renew[c]arrange[d]postpone4.[a]intheory[b]aboveall[c]intime[d]forexample5.[a]although[b]lest[c]after[d]unless6.[a]into[b]within[c]from[d]through7.[a]sine[b]or[c]but[d]so8.[a]test[b]copy[c]recite[d]create9.[a]folding[b]piling[c]wrapping[d]tying10.[a]lighting[b]passing[c]hiding[d]serving11.[a]meeting[b]association[c]collection[d]union12.[a]grow[b]part[c]deal[d]live13.[a]whereas[b]until[c]for[d]if14.[a]obtain[b]follow[c]challenge[d]avoid15.[a]isolated[b]persuaded[c]viewed[d]exposed16.[a]wherever[b]however[c]whenever[d]whatever17.[a]changed[b]brought[c]shaped[d]pushed18.[a]divided[b]invested[c]donated[d]withdrawn19.[a]clears[b]warms[c]shows[d]breaks20.[a]while[b]sowhat[c]once[d]inthatsectioniireadingcomprehensionpartadirections:readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosinga,b,cord.markyouranswersontheanswersheet.(40points)text1france,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwoman.itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthatinciteexcessivethinnessbypromotingextremedieting.suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.thatsastart.andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealth-assomehavedone.ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbeorbitersoftheirbeauty.andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.thefrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.indenmark,theunitedstates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreonpearpressureforenforcement.incontrasttofrancesactions,denmarksfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.thenewlyreviseddanishfashionethicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.thechartersmaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestocopenhagen.fashionweek,whichismenbythedanishfashioninstitute.butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.21.accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninfrance?[a]physicalbeautywouldberedefined[b]newrunwayswouldbeconstructed[c]web