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本文格式为Word版,下载可任意编辑——欧洲文化入门练习与答案(第2编以后)DivisionTwo
TheBibleandChristianity
I.Fillinthefollowingblanks.
1.________givebirthtoChristianity.Bothoriginatedin_________.
2.TheancestorsoftheJewstobecalled“Hebrews〞,whichmeans__________.3.About1300B.C,theHebrewscametosettledown,knownas______atthattime.4.TheBibleisacollectionof_______________.
5.TheBibleconsiststwoparts:theNewTestamentandtheOldTestament.Theword
“Testament〞means________
6._____________isaboutthefinalwordsofMosestohispeople.7.Proverbisacollectionofmoralmaximsorsayingsof__________.8.Ecclesiastesisacollectionofsayingabout____________.
9.SongofSolomonisacollectionoflovepoems,depicting________________.10.________istheearliestprophetchronologically.
11.WhileinBabylon,inthe6thcenturyB.C,theHebrews,nowknownasJews,formed__________topracticetheirreligion.
12.UnderthefamousscholarEzra,theywrotedownthelawsofMosesinfivebookscalled___________or__________intheChristianBible.13.TheOldTestamentwasoriginallywrittenin____________.
14.TheNewTestamentwasoriginallywritteninapopularformof____________.15.TheoldestextantGreektranslationoftheOldTestamentisknownasthe_________,asaccordingtothefictionalletteroftheAristeas,itwastranslatedby________translatorsin_______days.
16.ThemostancientextantLatinversionofthewholebibleisthe______,whichwasdonein383—405A.D.bySt.Jeromeincommonpeople?slanguage.II.ChoosetheBestAnswerforEachBlank.
1._________,theHebrewswanderedthroughthedesertsoftheMiddleEast.
A.some3580yearsagoB.some3800yearsago
C.some3780yearsagoD.some3600yearsago2._________broughttheHebrewsafelybacktoCanaan.
A.SaulB.DavidC.MosesD.Joshua3.ThehistoricalbooksdealingwithhistoryoftheHebrewpeoplefrom____to___.
A.1200B.C586B.CB.1300B.C586B.CC.1000B.C100.A.DC.1300B.C100A.D4.ThefirstkingtounitetheHebrewswasawarriorfarmernamed___________,
A.SaulB.DavidC.MosesD.Solomon
5.In392A.D.,emperor______madeChristianitytheofficialreligionoftheempire
andoutlawedallotherreligious.
A.TheodosiusB.ConstantineC.DiocletianD.Solomon
6.By1963,thewholeofthebiblehadbeentranslatedin____languagesandpartsinto_____languagesatotalof________,includingtribaltongues.A.2299731202B.2289741202C.2279751202D.2269761202
7.ThemostimportantandinfluentialofEnglishbibleisthe“authorized〞or________version,firstpublishedin1611.
A.JohnWycliff?sB.WilliamTyndale?sC.KingJames?D.MilesConverdale?s8.TheOldTestamentisabout____________.
A.ThelawsofgodB.religiouswritingsC.doctrineofJesusChristD.primitivelaws9.TheNewTestamentisabout___________.
A.ThelawsofgodB.religiouswritingsC.doctrineofJesusChristD.primitivelaws10.__________isnotbelongtotheTenCommandments
A.ThoushaltnotkillB.neithershaltthoucommitadulteryC.neithershaltthoustealD.neithershaltnotthoulieIII.TrueorFalse
1.Christianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialreligiousintheworld.()
2.Leviticusisacollectionofprimitivelaws.()
3.BookofJobdescribeshowjobenduresallhissufferingsandstillkeepshisfaith
ingod.()
4.AbrahamledtheHebrewstothePromisedLand,whichroughlycorrespondsto
thepresentdayJerusalem.()
5.InAmoswecanhearclearlytheangryvoiceoflaboringpeople.()IV.Definition1.EdictofMilan2.TheProphets3.TheBookofDaniel4.Thelastsupper5.Leviticus
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.WhatarethemainfeaturesofChristianity?
2.HowdidChristianitychangefromarebelliousanddisintegratingmovementtoaofficialreligionoftheempireandoutlandallotherreligion?
3.Inordertoholdtheirchurchtogether,Christiansdevelopedachurchorganization,whatkindoforganization?
4.CanyoumakeabriefcommentontheBible?
5.HowthetranslationsofthebibleinfluencetheEnglishliterature?KeyI.
1.JewishconditionPalestine2.Wanderers3.Canaan
4.Religiouswritings5.Agreement6.Deuteronom7.Practicalnature8.thepurposeoflife
9.everydaylifeinthecountryside10.Amos11.Synagogues12.TorahPentateuch13.Hebrew14.Greek
15.Septuagint727216.VulgateeditionII.
15BDAAA610BCABDIII.
151.F2.T3.T4.F5.TIV.
1.By305Diocletiangaveuphisefforttodestroytheyoungreligion.SoonawarbetweenrivalsforthethronefollowedandwaswonbyConstantine.He,whobelievedthatgodhadhelpedhiminwinningthebattle,issuedtheEdictofMilanin313.ItgrantedreligiousfreedomtoallandmadeChristianlegal.
2.FormoreathousandyearsintheMiddleEasttherehadbeenaclassofpeopleknownas“prophets〞orthespokesmanofgod.earlierprophetslivedingroupsasdividedintotwoparts;theyareMajorProphetsandMinorProphets.
3.DanielisoneoftheMajorProphets,itisastorymixedwithvision,describinghowDanielandhisfriendsweretakenprisonertoBabylonafterthefallofJerusalemandhowtheyrefusedtocompromisetheirfaith.
4.TheLastSupperadaptedfromSt.John,theNewTestament,theBible.
ThestoryaboutJesusbeingbetrayedbyJudaswasknownasTheLastSupper5.AreligioushistoryoftheHebrewduringtheirflightfromEgypt,theperiodwhentheybegantoreceivegod?slawV.
1.a.OneisthatJesusChrististheSonofGod,andthatGodsenthimtoearthtolive
ashumanslive,sufferashumanssuffer,anddietoredeemmankind.
b.TheotheristhatGodgavehisonlybegottenson,sothatwhosoeverbelievesin
himshouldnotperish,buthaveeverlastinglife.
c.ThisRedeemer,Jesus,wasatoncedivineandtrulyhuman.Thus,attheheartofChristianityisthelifeofJesus:howhelivedanddiedtoredeemthewholehumanrace.
2.a.atthebeginningChristianitywasregardedasarebelliousanddisintegrating
movementandwassubjectedtofrequentpersecution.
b.ChristianitycontinuedtospreadsteadilyovertheMediterraneanregion.c..areligiousthatpromisedahappierlifeafterdeathattractedeverybodysuffering
hardlife.Itbegantodrawmenandwomenfromallclasses.d.by305Diocletiangaveuphisefforttodestroytheyoungreligion.
e.ConstantineissuedtheedictofMilanin313.Itgrantedreligiousfreedomtoall,andmadeChristianitylegal.
f.in392A.D.,emperorTheodosiusmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionoftheempireandoutlawedallotherreligions.
g.nowChristianityhadchangedfromanobjectofoppressiontoaweaponinthehandsoftherulingclasstocrushtheiropponents.
3.a.theyborrowedthestructureofthegovernmentoftheRomanEmpiretodevelop
achurchorganization.
b.By300A.D.eachlocalchurchcalledaparishandhadafulltimeleaderknownasapriest.
c.severalparishesweregroupedtogetherintoalargeunitcalleddiocese,whichwasheadedbyabishop.
d.themostimportantbishopswerecalledarchbishops.
e.andwithtimegoesonthearchbishopofromanbegantoclaimauthorityovertheotherarchbishops.
4.a.thebibleisthemostpopularbookinthecultureofmankind.
b.itistheessentialofwesterncivilization,havingshapedthewesterncivilization
moredecisivelythananythingelseeverwritten.c.itismorethanareligiousbook.
d.reflectingmostextensivelywesternideasandculture,thebibleisreallyan
encyclopedia.
e.allinone,itishistory,itisliterature,itisrecordofgreatminds.f.ithasleftanenormousinfluenceonthehumanrace.
5.a.ItisgenerallyacceptedthattheEnglishBibleandShakespearearetwogreat
reservoirsofModernEnglish.
b.Milton?sParadiseLost,Bunyan?sPilgrim?sProgress,Byron?sCain,uptothecontemporaryHemingway?sTheSunAlsoRises,andSteinbeck?sEastofEden.TheyarenotinfluencedwithouttheeffectoftheBible.
c.infactfewgreatEnglishandAmericanwritersoftheseventeenth,eighteenth,nineteenth,andtwentiethcenturycanbereadandappreciatedwithsatisfactionwithoutasufficientknowledgeoftheBible.
DivisionThree
THEMIDDLEAGES
I.Fillinthefollowingblanks.
1.Inthelatefourthcentury,the__________fromAsiasweptintoEurope.
2.TheorganizationwhichplayedtheroleofunitingEuropewas__________,sotheperiodoftheMiddleAgesisalsocalled__________.
3.FeudalisminEuropeisasystemoflandholdingwiththepurposeof__________.4.__________wasthecentreofmedievallifeunderfeudalism.
5.Christianchurchwasdividedinto__________and__________aftertheyearof1054.
6.TheofficiallanguageoftheCatholicChurchwas__________.
7.ThefourgradesoftheleadershipintheChurchwere__________,__________,__________and__________.
8.TheTrinityinChristianityrefersto__________,__________and__________.9.ThemostimportantofalltheleadersofChristianthoughtwas__________,who
livedinNorthAfricainthefifthcentury.
10.AugustineofHippohadtwomasterpiecesofworldrenown,whichare__________and__________.
11.St.Benedictfounded__________about529A.D.,inwhichthere?soneitemsaidthatpeoplewantingtomarryandhadtoobeytheordersofthe__________withoutquestion.
12.__________attackedtheChristianpilgrims,killingmanyofthemandsoldmanyothersasslaves.ThisresultofthenewsamongthewesternEuropeanChristianswasaseriesofholywarscalled__________.
13.__________wascrowned“EmperoroftheRomans〞bythePopein800forhewantedtoruleastheemperorofRomehaddoneinancienttimes.
14.DuringtheMiddleAges,__________and__________asthefalsescienceswerewellacceptedbythegeneralpublic.
15.GeoffreyChaucerlivedinthe14thcentury,whichiscalled“AgeofChaucer〞,andheisacclaimedas__________.
16.__________isthemostwell-knownofagroupofFrenchepics,whichtellshowRoland,oneofCharlemagne?swarriors,fightsin__________anddiesdefendingapassinthePyrenees.
II.ChoosetheBestAnswerforEachBlank.
1.AfteraGermanicgeneralkilledthelastRomanemperor,andintheplaceoftheancientRomerisedmanyGermanickingdoms,whichgrowintothenationsknownas__________.Whichonedoesnotbelongtothem?
A.EnglandB.FinlandC.SpainD.Italy2.Anoblestartedhiseducationasapageattheageof__________.A.sevenB.eightC.fourteenD.fifteen
3.After__________,theChurchwasdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandtheEasternOrthodoxChurch.
A.800B.476C.732D.1054
4.WhosetranslationworkofBiblebecametheofficialLatinBibleusedbythe
RomanCatholicChurchofthisday?
A.AugustineB.KingJamesC.St.JeromeD.AlfredtheGreat5.WesternEuropeansweremainlydividedintothreeclassesunderfeudalism.Whichoneofthefollowingisnotoneofthem?
A.clergyB.lordsC.merchantsD.peasants
6.DuringthetimeofMiddleAges,__________doyouthinkhadthemostknowledgeoflearning.
A.knightsB.clergymenC.kingsD.nobles
7.TheonlywaytogetGod?sfavourtogettoheavenwassacrament.Themostimportantsacramentwas__________forrememberingandthankingChristofhisdeathforredeemingpeople.A.baptism
B.confirmationC.confessionD.HolyCommunion
8.AccordingtotheMedievalChurch,meatshouldnotbetouchedon__________,andon__________everyonewenttothechurchtoworshipGod.A.Friday,SundayB.Saturday,SundayC.Friday,SaturdayD.Sunday,Monday
9.TothepilgrimsofChristianity,JewishpeopleandMuslims,__________isthemostholyplaceforthemtofightwitheachother.
A.MeccaB.JerusalemC.CanaanD.Palestine
10.Christianpilgrimsheldaseriesofholywarscalledcrusades,andtherewereintotal__________chiefCrusadesgoingonabout200years.A.3B.5C.8D.1011.AlfredtheGreatisthekingof__________.
A.WessexB.EssexC.GreatBritainD.Wales12.St.TomasAquinaswasaphilosopherandtheologianfromthecountryof__________.
A.FranceB.SpainC.GreeceD.Italy
13.Literaryworks,suchasepic,weremostlywrittenin__________beforeMiddleAges.
A.FrenchB.LatinC.GreekD.Germanic
14.Grendalisoneofthemaincharactersofthe__________called__________.A.novel;CynewulfB.ballad;TheGestsofRobinHoodC.epic;BeowulfD.verse;Morted?Arthur
15.WhatlanguagedidDanteusetowritehismasterpieceofthegreatChristianpoem?
A.LatinB.FrenchC.OldEnglishD.Italian
16.ThewholeworkofTheCanterburyTalesconsistsofaprologueand__________talesin__________.
A.twenty-four;EnglishB.twenty-five;FrenchC.twenty-four;ItalianD.twenty-five;English
17.ThecharacteristicsofthearchitectureinthemedievalperioddoNOTinclude__________.
A.massivenessB.monumentalityC.ornatenessD.solidity18.Theleadingtypeofthearchitectureduringthistimeis__________,whichwasoftenadoptedinthechurch.
A.BaroqueB.GothicC.ByzantineD.Rococo19.OneofthemoststrikingmanifestationsofthesupremacyoftheNormanconquerorsofEnglandwastobeseeninthe__________.
A.languageB.religionC.politicsD.sociallife20.Inhisliterarydevelopment,Chaucerwasinfluencedbythreeliteratures.Whichoneisnottrue?
A.FrenchliteratureB.ItalianliteratureC.EnglishliteratureD.German
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