免病学题库（有答案）

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑——免病学题库（有答案）细菌

一、单项选择题

1.在下述的微生物中，哪种属于真核细胞型微生物······················（B）A.细菌C.螺旋体E.病毒

2.与细菌基本结构无关的结构是···············································（E）A.细胞膜C.细胞核E.细胞核膜

3.以下的哪项结构与消毒灭菌关系最为密切·······························（C）A.鞭毛C.芽胞E.细胞壁

4.局部皮肤用碘酒和酒精涂擦称为············································（B）A.防腐C.无菌E.抑菌

5.结核分枝杆菌常用的染色法是···············································（B）A.革兰氏染色C.镀银染色E.美兰单染色

6.菌群失调的主要原因是························································（A）A.长期使用广谱抗生素C.两种细菌重复感染E.营养不良

7.紫外线杀菌的原理是···························································（B）A.破坏粘肽合成C.使酶变性

B.真菌D.放线菌

B.细胞壁D.细胞质

B.荚膜D.菌毛

B.消毒D.灭菌

B.抗酸染色D.瑞氏染色

B.多种细菌交织感染D.细菌旅居部位改变

B.干扰DNA合成D.使蛋白质凝固

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E.以上都不是

8.以下的哪一项不属于原核细胞型微生物··································（E）A.肺炎支原体C.斑疹伤寒立克次体E.麻疹病毒

9.青霉素抗菌作用的机理是下述的哪一项··································（C）B.结核分枝杆菌D.钩端螺旋体

A.破坏细胞膜的通透性B.干扰蛋白质合成C.干扰粘肽合成D.破坏核糖核酸合成

E.破坏脱氧核糖核酸合成

10.临床上最常用的灭菌方法为················································（A.燃烧法B.烧灼法

C.间歇灭菌法D.高压蒸汽灭菌法

E.煮沸法

11.热原质的成份是·······························································（A.磷壁酸B.脂多糖C.蛋白质D.肽聚糖

E.核糖核酸

12.革兰氏染色时，用不上的试剂是哪一种·································（A.碘液B.95%酒精C.美蓝液D.稀释复红液

E.结晶紫液

13.下述的哪一项不是细菌生长繁殖的必需条件···························（A.营养物质B.PH值C.气体D.温度

E.光线

14.以下各部位中，没有正常菌群旅居的是·································（A.皮肤B.消化道C.呼吸道D.泌尿生殖道

E.血液

15.噬菌体是一类··································································（

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D）B）C）E）E）B）

A.植物的病毒C.真菌的抗体E.以上都不是

B.细菌的病毒D.细菌的抗体

16.细菌的毒力主要取决于······················································（D）A.侵入的数量B.侵袭力的强弱C.毒素的强弱D.侵袭力、毒素的强弱

E.侵入的途径

17.可选用紫外线消毒的物体有················································（A.人体皮肤B.污染的桌面C.生理盐水D.注射器

E.手术器械

18控制细菌性状的遗传物质是.···············································（A.菌毛B.荚膜C.中介体D.核质

E.鞭毛

19.不属于细菌合成代谢产物的是·············································（A.外毒素B.热原质C.维生素D.抗毒素

E.CO2

20.人体中没有正常菌群存在的部位是·······································（A.皮肤B.鼻咽部C.阴道D.胸腔

E.外耳道

21.酒精的杀菌原理是····························································（A.使菌体蛋白变性或凝固B.破坏细菌酶系统C.改变细胞膜通透性D.抑制细胞壁的合成

E.改变核酸的代谢

22.细菌内毒素的特点是·························································（A.主要为G+菌产生B.化学成分为蛋白质C.毒性作用相像

D.抗原性强

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B）D）D）D）A）C）E.不耐热

23.与细菌毒力有关的结构是···················································（D）A.核质C.细胞浆E.细胞壁

24.G+菌细胞壁的成份是·························································（D）B.细胞膜D.荚膜

A.磷脂B.脂蛋白C.脂多糖D.粘肽

E外膜

25.高压蒸汽灭菌法常用温度和时间是·······································（A.121.3℃30~60分钟B.121.3℃15~30分钟C.125.3℃10分钟D.150.3℃5分钟

E.250.3℃2分钟

26.细菌繁殖方式是·······························································（A.二分裂B.出芽C.芽胞形成D.复制

E.分枝

27.关于芽胞错误的是····························································（A.适合环境发芽B.抗争力强C.新陈代谢低D.能分裂繁殖

E.芽胞内含水量少

28.使用广谱抗生素引起伪膜性肠炎多属于·································（A.食物中毒B.细菌性痢疾C.菌群失调症D.过敏性反应

E.医院内感染

29.最重要的传染源是····························································（A.带菌者B.病人家属C.患病病人D.恢复期病人

E.患病动物

30.革兰氏阳性菌对青霉素敏感是由于·······································（

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B）A）D）C）A）E）

A.裂解细胞壁多糖链C.酶系统被破坏E.肽聚糖合成受阻

B.蛋白质合成抑制D.DNA复制受阻

31.手术器械、敷料的灭菌常用················································（A）A.高压蒸汽灭菌法B.煮沸法C.流通蒸汽法D.间歇灭菌法

E.巴氏消毒法

32.制备卡介菌，结核杆菌发生的变异是属于······························（A.形态变异B.结构变异C.毒力变异D.耐药性变异

E.菌落的变异

33.外毒素的毒性作用特点是···················································（A.引起体温升高B.引起微循环障碍C.引起脓毒血症D.引起DIC

E.对组织有选择性毒害

34.病原菌一时性或休止地侵入血流，在血流中不繁殖称···············（A.菌血症B.败血症C.毒血症D.脓毒血症

E.病毒血症

35.属于非细胞型微生物的是···················································（A.细菌B.病毒C.真菌D.螺旋体

E.支原体

36.紫外线杀菌原理是····························································（A.抑制菌体旦白的合成B.干扰细