中考英语名词考点集汇、讲解和训练专题辅导

中考英语名词考点集汇、讲解和训练【考点直击】一、名词的数1．单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys。（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。（3）以ce,se,ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys,day→days。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves,half→halves。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情况读法例词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s]cups,hats,cakes在[s][z][t][][F]等音后[iz]glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后[z]beds,dogs,cities,knives（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man,woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers，womenteachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people,police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes’walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics,mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名词：news,falls2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少，例如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney．Thereissomemilkinthebottle．Isthereanywaterintheglass？Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice．（2）用apieceof这类定语，例如：apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbreadabottleoforangeaglassofwater（milk）acupofteaacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：twocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater不可数名词也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s'，例如：astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：Children'sDay。3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：atwentyminutes'walk，tenmiles'journey，aboat'slength，twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：amapofChina，theendofthisterm，thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。5.双重所有格，例如：afriendofmyfather's。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John'sandMary'srooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom'sandMary'sbikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：JohnandMary'sroom（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；TomandMary'smother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.

A.womandoctors

B.womendoctor

C.womendoctors

D.womandoctor

答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。is_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.

A.AnneandJane

B.Anne’sandJane’s

C.Anne’sandJane

D.AnneandJane’s

答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加’s。3.Arethereany________onthefarm?

Yes,therearesome.

A.horse

B.duck

C.chicken

D.sheep

答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。4.Whatwouldyouliketodrink,________ororange?

Orange,please.

A.hamburger

B.chip

C.tea

答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。【中考演练】一.单项填空1．Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?I’vebeento______.A.theHenryhouse

B.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry’shome

D.Henry’s2．InEngland,if____isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.food

B.lunch

C.breakfast

D.dinner3．Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundit.Whynottry____.A.threetimes

B.athirdtime

C.thethirdtime

D.once4．Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?Certainly.A.somebottlesofwaters

B.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwater

D.somebottleofwaters5．Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday.A.tooth

B.feet

C.hand

D.ear6．Thereissome_______ontheplate.A.cakes

B.meat

C.potato

D.pears7．InEngland,thelastnameisthe

_______.A.familyname

B.middle

C.givenname

D.fullname8．Thearegoingtofly_______toBeijing.A.Germen

B.Germany

C.Germanys

D.Germans9．The______hastwo_______.A.boys;watches

B.boy;watch

C.boy;watches

D.boys;watch10．Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.tooth

B.tooths

C.teeth

D.teeths11．What’syour_______forbeinglateagain?A.idea

B.key

C.excuse

D.news12．It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.ButIthinkweshouldlet_______gooutfirst.A.womanandchildren

B.womenandchildC.womanandchild

D.womenandchildren13．YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“_______”onthedoorofhisshop.Thanks.

HOURSSIDEUP

SMOKING14．Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______?A.Children’sDay

B.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDay

D.ChildrenDay15．Wherearethestudents?Aretheyin_______?A.theRoom406

B.Room406

C.the406Room

D.406Room二.根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1.We’vegotalotofnew________(杂志)inourschoollibrary.2.Pleaseturntoanother_______（频道）,Idon’tlikethisshow.3.Yesterdaythe_________(航班)toLondonwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather..4.Autumnismyfavourite

(季节)

5.Howmany_______(小刀)doyouhave?

Three.6.__________arewidelyusedinthemodernworld.

7.June1stis__________(儿童)Day.8.Mary,wouldyoupleasetellmeyournew________(地址)sothatIcanwritetoyou.9.Doesthispieceof______(音乐)soundnice?

Yes.It’swonderful!10.May12thistheInternational_______(护士)Day.Let’ssay“Thanks”tothemfortheirwork.三.根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1.“What’syourn_______?”

“LiLei.”2.Howmanyd_______doesyourunclehave?3.Pleaseclosethew______.It’scoldoutside.4.Ifyouw