第11节软件测试vip基础linux-tf老师常用命令

LinuxTFarch显示机器的处理器架构(1)unamem(2)uname-r显示正在使用的内核版本dmidecodeq(SMBIOSDMI)hdparm-i/dev/hda罗列一个磁盘的架构特性hdparm-tT/dev/sda在磁盘上执试性操作cat/proc/cpuinfoCPUinfocat/proc/interruptscat/proc/meminfocat/proc/swapsswapcat/proc/versioncat/proc/net/devcat/proc/mounts显示已加载的文件系统lspci-tv罗列PCI设备lsusbtvUSBdatecal20072007date041217002007.00clockwshutdown-hnow关闭系统(1)init0init0关闭系统shutdownhhours:minutes&shutdowncshutdownrnow(1)reboot重启(2)logoutcd/home进入'/home' cd..返回上一级cdcdcd~user1cd-返回上次所在的pwd显示工作路径ls查 中的文ls-F查 中的文ls-l显示文件 的详细资lsals*[0-9]*显示包含数字的文件名 tree显示文件和 lstree显示文件和 mkdirdir1创建一个叫做'dir1'的 mkdirdir1dir2mkdir-p/tmp/dir1/dir2创建一个 rm-ffile1删除一个叫做'file1'的文件'rmdirdir1删除一个叫做'dir1'的 rm-rfdir1删除一个叫做'dir1' 并同时删除其内rm-rfdir1dir2同时删除两 及它们的内mvdir1new_dircpfile1file2一个文cpdir/*.一 下的所有文件到当前工cp-a/tmp/dir1.一 到当前工cp-adir1dir2一ln-sfile1lnk1创建一个指向文件 的lnfile1lnk1创建一个指向文件 的物touch-t file1修改一个文件或 的时间戳-(YYMMDDhhmm)filefile1outputsthemimetypeofthefileastexticonvliconv-ffromEncoding-ttoEncodinginputFile>outputFilecreatesanewfromthegiveninputfilebyassumingitisencodedinfromEncodingandconvertingittotoEncoding.find.-maxdepth1-name*.jpg-print-execconvert"{}"-resize80x60"thumbs/{}"\;batchresizefilesinthecurrentdirectoryandsendthemtoathumbnailsdirectory(requiresconvertfromImagemagick)findnamefile1finduseruser1'user1'find/home/user1-name\*.bin '/home/user1'中搜索带有'.bin'结尾的文find/usr/bin-typef- 搜索在过 find/usr/bintypefmtime1010find/-name\*.rpm-execod755'{}'\;搜索以'.rpm'结尾的文件并定义其权findxdevname\*.rpm'.rpm'locate*.psps''updatedb'whereishaltmanwhichhaltmount/dev/hda2/mnt/hda2挂载一个叫做hda2的盘-确定 '/mnt/hda2'已经存umount/dev/hda2hda2mnt/hda2'fuserkmmnt/hda2umountn/mnt/hda2etc/mtabmount/dev/fd0/mnt/floppymount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdromcdromdvdrommount/dev/hdc/mnt/cdrecordercdrwdvdrommount/dev/hdb/mnt/cdrecordercdrwmount-oloopfile.iso/mnt/cdromISOmounttvfat/dev/hda5/mnt/hda5WindowsFAT32mount/dev/sda1/mnt/usbdiskusb捷盘或闪存设备mount-tsmbfs-ousername=user,password=pass//Win/share/mnt/share挂载windowsdfhlslSr|moredu-shdir1估 'dir1'已经使用的磁盘空间du-sk*|sort-rn以容量大小为依据依次显示文件 的大rpmqaqf'%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n'|sortk1,1nrpm(fedora,redhatdpkg-queryWf='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n'|sortk1,1ndeb(ubuntu,debian返回顶部索引groupaddgroup_namegroupdelgroup_namegroupmodnnew_group_nameold_group_nameuseraddc"NameSurnamegadmind/home/user1s/bin/bashuser1属于"admin"用户组的用户useradduser1userdel-ruser1删除一个用户('-r'排除 usermodc"UserFTP"gsystemd/ftp/user1s/bin/nologinuser1passwdpasswduser1rootchage-E2005-12-31user1设置用户口令的失效期限pwck检查'/etc/passwd'的文件格式和语法修正以及存在的用户grpck检查'/etc/passwd'的文件格式和语法修正以及存在的群组newgrpgroup_name返回顶部索引lslhls/tmp|prT5W$COLUMNS5odugo+rwxdirectory1设置 的所有人(u)、群组(g)以及其他人(o)以读（r）、odgo-rwxdirectory1删除群组(g)与其他人(o) chownuser1file1chown-Ruser1directory1改变一个 chgrpgroup1file1chownuser1:group1file1findpermu+sSUIDodu+s/bin/file1SUIDodu-s/bin/file1SUIDodg+s/home/public设置一 的SGID位-类似SUID，不过这是针 odg-s/home/public禁用一 的SGIDodo+t/home/publicSTIKYodo-t/home/public禁用一个 的STIKY位返回顶部索引^chattr+afile1chattr+cfile1chattr+dfile1在进行文件系统备份时，dumpchattr+ifile1chattr+sfile1允许一个文件被安全地删除chattr+Sfile1chattr+ufile1lsattr返回顶部索引^bunzip2file1.bz2file1.bz2'的文件bzip2file1压缩一个叫做'file1'的文件gunzipfile1.gz'file1.gz'的文件gzipfile1压缩一个叫做'file1'的文件gzip9file1rarafile1.rartest_file'file1.rar'rarafile1.rarfile1file2dir1同时压缩'file1','file2'以及 rarxfile1.rar解压rar包unrarxfile1.rarrartarcvfarchive.tarfile1tarcvfarchive.tarfile1file2dir1file1','file2''dir1'的文tartfarchive.tartarxvfarchive.tartar-xvfarchive.tar-C/tmp将压缩包释放到/tmp tar-cvfjarchive.tar.bz2dir1创建一个bzip2格式的压缩包tar-xvfjarchive.tar.bz2解压一个bzip2格式的压缩包tarcvfzarchive.tar.gzdir1gziptarxvfzarchive.tar.gzgzipzipfile1.zipfile1zipzip-rfile1.zipfile1file2dir1将几个文件和 unzipfile1.zipzip返回顶部索引^RPM（Fedora,Redhatrpmivhpackage.rpmrpmrpmivhnodeepspackage.rpmrpmrpmUpackage.rpmrpmrpm-Fpackage.rpmrpmrpm-epackage_name.rpmrpmrpmqarpmrpmqa|grephttpdhttpd"rpmrpmqipackage_namerpmqg"SystemEnvironment/Daemons"rpmrpmqlpackage_namerpmrpmqcpackage_namerpmrpmqpackage_namewhatrequiresrpmrpmqpackage_namewhatprovidesrpmrpm-qpackage_name--scripts显示在安装/删除期间所执行的rpmqpackage_namechangelogrpmrpmqf/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.confrpmrpmqppackage.rpmlrpmrpmimport/media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEYrpm--checksigpackage.rpmrpmrpm-qagpg-pubkeyrpmrpm-Vpackage_name检查文件尺寸、、类型、所有者、群组、MD5检查以及最后修rpm-Va检查系统中所有已安装的rpm包-使rpmVppackage.rpmrpmrpm2cpiopackage.rpm|cpioextractmake-directories*bin*rpmrpmivhusr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpmrpmrpmbuildrebuildpackage_name.src.rpmrpmrpm返回顶部索引^YUM（Fedora,RedHatyuminstallpackage_name并安装一个rpmyumlocalinstallpackage_name.rpmrpmyumupdatepackage_name.rpmrpmyumupdatepackage_namerpmyumremovepackage_namerpmyumlist列出当前系统中安装的所有包yumsearchpackage_namerpmyumcleanpackages清理rpm缓存删除的包yumcleanheaders删除所有头文件yumcleanall返回顶部索引^DEB包(Debian,Ubuntu以及类似系统)dpkgipackage.debdebdpkgrpackage_namedebdpkgl显示系统中所有已经安装的debdpkgl|grephttpdhttpd"debdpkgspackage_namedpkgLpackage_namedebdpkg--contentspackage.deb显示尚未安装的一个包所提供的文件列表dpkg-S/bin/确认所给的文件由哪个deb包提供返回顶部索引APT(Debian,Ubuntuapt-getinstallpackage_namedebapt-cdrominstallpackage_namedebapt-getupdateapt-getupgradeapt-getremovepackage_namedebapt-getcheckapt-getclean从的软件包中清理缓apt-cachesearchsearched-package返回顶部索引^catfile1从第一个字节开始正向查看文件的内容tacfile1morefile1查看一个长文件的内容lessfile1'more'head2file1tail2file1tailf/var/log/messages返回顶部索引^catfile1file2...|command<>file1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txtgeneralsyntaxfortextmanipulationusingPIPE,STDINandSTDOUTcatfile1|command(sed,grep,awk,grep,etc...)result.txtcatfile1|command(sed,grep,awk,grep,etc...)result.txtgrepAug/var/log/messages在文件'/var/log/messages'中查找grep^Aug/var/log/messages在文件'/var/log/messages'中查找以"Aug"开始的词汇grep[0-9]/var/log/messages选择'/var/log/messages'文件中所有包含数字的行grepAug-R/var/log/*在 '/var/log'及随后的 sed's/stringa1/stringa2/g'example.txtexample.txt"string1"sed'/^$/d'example.txtexample.txtsed*#/d;/^$/d'example.txtexample.txtecho'esempio'|tr:lower:]''[:upper:]'sede'1d'result.txtexample.txtsed-n'/stringa1/p'查看只包含词汇"string1"的行sede's/*$//'example.txtsede's/stringa1//g'example.txt"string1"sedn'1,5p;5q'example.txt5sedn'5p;5q'example.txt5sede's/00*/0/g'example.txtcatnfile1catexample.txt|awk'NR%2==1'example.txtechoabc|awk'{print$1}'echoabc|awk'{print$1,$3}'pastefile1file2pastedfile1file2sortfile1file2sortfile1file2|uniqsortfile1file2|uniq-u删除交集，留下其他的行sortfile1file2|uniqdcomm-1file1file2比较两个文件的内容只删除'file1'所包含的内容comm2file1file2比较两个文件的内容只删除'file2'comm3file1file2返回顶部索引^dos2unixfiledos.txtfileunix.txtMSDOSUNIXunix2dosfileunix.txtfiledos.txtUNIXrecode..HTMLpage.txtpage.htmlhtmlrecode-l|more显示所有允许的转换格式返回顶部索引badblocksv/dev/hda1hda1fsck/dev/hda1hda1linuxfsck.ext2/dev/hda1hda1ext2e2fsck/dev/hda1hda1ext2e2fsckj/dev/hda1hda1ext3fsck.ext3/dev/hda1hda1ext3fsck.vfat/dev/hda1hda1fatfsck.msdos/dev/hda1hda1dosdosfsck/dev/hda1hda1dos返回顶部索引mkfs/dev/hda1hda1mke2fs/dev/hda1hda1linuxext2mke2fsj/dev/hda1hda1linuxext3(日志型)的文件系统mkfs-tvfat32-F/dev/hda1创建一个FAT32文件系统fdformatn/dev/fd0mkswap/dev/hda3swap返回顶部索引^mkswap/dev/hda3swapswapon/dev/hda3swapswapon/dev/hda2/dev/hdb3swap返回顶部索引dump-0aj-f/tmp/home0.bak/home制作一个 的完整备dump-1aj-f/tmp/home0.bak/home制作一个 的交互式备restoreif/tmp/home0.bakrsyncrogpavdelete/home/tmprsyncrogpavesshdelete/homeip_address:/tmpSSHrsyncazesshdeleteip_addr:/home/public/home/localssh同步到本地rsyncazesshdelete/home/localip_addr:/home/publicsshddbs=1Mif=/dev/hda|gzip|sshuser@ip_addr'ddof=hda.gz'通过ssh在主ddif=/dev/sdaof=/tmp/file1tar-Pufbackup.tar/home/user执行一次对 的交互式备份操(cd/tmp/local/&&tarc.)|ssh-Cuser@ip_addr'cd/home/share/&&tarx-p'通过ssh在中一个 tarc/home|sshCuser@ip_addr'cd/home/backup-home&&tarx-p'ssh在中一个本tarcf-.|(cd/tmp/backup;tarxf-)本地将一个 find/home/user1-name'*.txt'|xargscp-av--targetparents从一 查找并所有以'.txt'结尾的文件到另一find/var/logname'*.log'|tarcvfiles-from|bzip2log.tar.bz2所有以'.log'bzipddif=/dev/hdaof=/dev/fd0bs=512count=1MBR(MasterBootRecord)内容ddif=/dev/fd0of=/dev/hdabs=512count=1MBR返回顶部索引^cdrecord-vgracetime=2dev=/dev/cdrom-ejectblank=fast-清空一个可复写mkisofs/dev/cdromcd.isoisomkisofs/dev/cdrom|gzip>cd_iso.gz在磁盘上创建一个压缩了的光盘iso镜像文件mkisofs-J-allow-leading-dots-R-V"LabelCD"-iso-level4-o./cd.isodata_cd创建一个 的iso镜像文件cdrecordvdev=/dev/cdromcd.isoISOgzipdccd_iso.gz|cdrecorddev=/dev/cdromISOmountoloopcd.iso/mnt/isoISOcd-paranoia-B从一个CD光盘转轨到wav文件cd-paranoia--"-3"从一个CD光盘转轨到wav文件中（参数-cdrecordscanbusscsiddif=/dev/hdc|md5summd5sum返回顶部索引网络-（WIFI）ifconfigeth0ifupeth0启用一个'eth0'网络设备ifdowneth0'eth0'ifconfigeth0netmaskIPifconfigeth0promisc设置'eth0'成混杂模式以数据包(sniffing)dheth0以dhcp模式启用'eth0'route-nshowroutingrouteadd-net0/0gwIP_Gatewayconfiguradefaultrouteadd-netnetmaskgwconfigurestaticroutetoreachnetwork'/16'routedel0/0gwIP_gatewayremove