深井软岩交岔巷道支护技术研究及工程应用

深井软岩交岔巷道支护技术研究及工程应用摘要：

深井软岩交岔巷道支护技术是当前矿山建设中普遍存在的技术难题，本文通过在现场实测和数值模拟的基础上，探讨了深井软岩交岔巷道的围岩特征、失稳机理及支护策略，在实践中提出了一种可行的支护技术方案，并对该方案进行了现场应用，取得了良好的支护效果。具体的分析工作包括：围岩类别的划分、变形模式的分析、围岩失稳机理的探究、支护材料的选择及支护结构的设计等。研究表明，有效的深井软岩交岔巷道支护技术方案不仅需要充分考虑渐进失稳过程中围岩塑性变形的特征，而且要注意在支护过程中避免由于支护体与软岩之间产生的移位及滑动现象带来的支护失效问题。

关键词：深井软岩交岔巷道，围岩特征，失稳机理，支护策略，支护效果

Abstract:

Thesupporttechnologyofdeepsoftrockintersectionroadwayisacommontechnicalproblemincurrentmineconstruction.Basedonfieldmeasurementandnumericalsimulation,thispaperexplorestherockcharacteristics,instabilitymechanismandsupportstrategyofdeepsoftrockintersectionroadway,proposesafeasiblesupporttechnologysolutioninpractice,andconductson-siteapplications,achievinggoodsupporteffect.Thespecificanalysisworkincludestheclassificationofrocktypes,analysisofdeformationmodes,explorationofrockinstabilitymechanisms,selectionofsupportmaterialsanddesignofsupportstructures.Thestudyshowsthataneffectivesupporttechnologysolutionfordeepsoftrockintersectionroadwaynotonlyneedstofullyconsiderthecharacteristicsofrockplasticdeformationinthegradualinstabilityprocess,butalsoneedstopayattentiontoavoidsupportfailureproblemscausedbydisplacementandslidingbetweenthesupportbodyandthesoftrockduringthesupportprocess.

Keywords:deepsoftrockintersectionroadway,rockcharacteristics,instabilitymechanism,supportstrategy,supporteffectDeepsoftrockintersectionroadwayisatypicalgeologicalhazardinundergroundminingengineering,whichismainlyaffectedbythecharacteristicsofsoftrockandtheinstabilitymechanismofrock.Softrockhaslowstrength,strongplasticdeformation,andeasytocausecreepdeformation,whichmakesitdifficulttosupporttheroadwayandeasytocauseroadwaycollapse.Therefore,itisnecessarytocarryoutacomprehensiveanalysisofthegeologicalconditionsandtherockengineeringcharacteristicsbeforedesigningthesupporttechnologysolution.

Firstly,thecharacteristicsofsoftrockshouldbefullyunderstood.Thedeformationpropertiesofsoftrockareverycomplex,whichareaffectedbyvariousfactorssuchasstress,timeanddisplacement.Thesoftrockwillshowplasticdeformation,constantdeformation,andevendiscontinuitydeformationundertheactionoflong-termminingpressure.Therefore,inthedesignofthesupportscheme,thedeformationcharacteristicsofsoftrockshouldbefullyconsidered,andthesupportformandmethodshouldbeselectedaccordingtothespecificconditions.

Secondly,theinstabilitymechanismofthesoftrockshouldbeanalyzed.Theinstabilitymechanismofsoftrockmainlyincludessqueezingdeformation,slidingdeformation,anddissolvingdeformation.Squeezingdeformationismainlycausedbytheimpactofminingstressandisthemostcommondeformationform.Slidingdeformationismainlycausedbytheinabilityofthesupportstructuretoresistthelateraldeformationofthesoftrock,resultinginslidingbetweenthesupportbodyandtherock,whichleadstothefailureofsupport.Dissolvingdeformationismainlycausedbythedissolutionanddestructionofthesoftrockbywateroracid,resultinginadecreaseinthemechanicalpropertiesoftherockandtheinstabilityoftheroadway.Therefore,thesupportschemeshouldbeselectedaccordingtotheinstabilitymechanismofthesoftrock,andcertainmeasuresshouldbetakentopreventtheoccurrenceofinstabilityandfailure.

Finally,thesupporttechnologysolutionshouldbedesignedaccordingtothespecificgeologicalconditions.Thesupportingschemeshouldbeselectedaccordingtothedirectionofroadwayexcavation,thelithologyandphysicalpropertiesofthesoftrock,theminingmethod,andthesizeoftheminingarea.Commonsupportmethodsincludebolting,shotcreting,grouting,andanchor-cablesupport.Thesupporteffectshouldbeevaluatedinreal-timeduringtheconstructionoftheroadway,andappropriatemeasuresshouldbetakentoadjustthesupportschemeintimetoensurethesafetyoftheroadway.

Inconclusion,thesupporttechnologysolutionfordeepsoftrockintersectionroadwayshouldfullyconsiderthecharacteristicsofrockplasticdeformationinthegradualinstabilityprocess,andpayattentiontoavoidingsupportfailureproblemscausedbydisplacementandslidingbetweenthesupportbodyandthesoftrockduringthesupportprocess.Throughacomprehensiveanalysisofthegeologicalconditions,rockengineeringcharacteristics,andsupporttechnologysolutions,aneffectivesupportschemecanbedesignedtoensurethesafeandstableoperationoftheroadwayOneofthekeychallengesinprovidingeffectiveandreliablesupportforroadwaysystemsinsoftrockformationsisthepotentialforplasticdeformationintherock.Thisphenomenoncanoccurwhenthestresslevelsontherockexceeditsyieldstrength,causingittodeformwithoutfracturing.Thespecificcharacteristicsofthisdeformationwilldependonfactorssuchasthetypeofrockandthedirectionandmagnitudeofthestress.

Onecommontypeofplasticdeformationisknownasductiledeformation,inwhichtherockgraduallydeformsovertimeundersustainedpressure.Thiscanbeasignificantprobleminundergroundminingoperations,asexcessivedeformationcanleadtoinstabilityintherockmassandpotentialcollapseoftheroadway.Inordertomitigatetheserisks,itisimportanttounderstandandanticipatethepotentialforplasticdeformationandincorporateappropriatesupportmeasuresinthedesignoftheroadway.

Onekeychallengeindesigningeffectivesupportsystemsforsoftrockformationsisthepotentialfordisplacementandslidingbetweenthesupportstructureandthesurroundingrock,whichcancompromisetheintegrityofthesupportandincreasetheriskoffailure.Toaddressthisproblem,engineersmustcarefullyconsiderthespecificcharacteristicsoftherockandthesupportstructureandimplementappropriatemeasurestopreventdisplacementandensurereliableperformanceoverthelongterm.

Effectivesupportsolutionsforsoftrockformationscanincludearangeoftechniques,rangingfromtraditionalboltingandshotcretesystemstomoreadvancedcompositematerialsandmechanicalanchors.Thespecificapproachwilldependonarangeoffactors,includingthegeologicalconditions,thesizeandshapeoftheroadway,andtheavailableresourcesandexpertise.

Ultimately,thekeytoeffectivesupportinsoftrockformationsistoapproachthechallengewithacomprehensiveandintegratedperspective,incorporatingdetailedanalysisofthegeologicalandengineeringfactorsinvolvedandleveragingthefullrangeofavailabletechnologiesandexpertisetodesignacustomizedsolutionthatmaximizessafety,stability,andreliabilityforthelongterm.Withcarefulplanningandimplementation,itispossibletoachievereliableandeffectiveperformanceineventhemostchallengingsoftrockenvironmentsAnotherkeyfactorinsuccessfullyovercomingthechallengesofsoftrockenvironmentsisongoingmonitoringandmaintenance.Eventhemostwell-designedandexecutedsolutionswillrequireregularattentionandupkeepinordertoensurecontinuedstabilityandeffectiveness.Thismayinvolveregularinspectionsandassessmentsofthesiteandsurroundingarea,aswellasongoingmaintenanceandrepairofinfrastructureandequipment.

Effectivemonitoringalsoinvolvesutilizingthelatesttechnologyandtechniquestocollectandanalyzedataontheperformanceofthesolutionanditssurroundingecosystem.Thismayincluderemotemonitoringandsensingequipment,aswellason-sitemeasurementandmonitoringtools.Bycloselytrackingperformanceanddetectingpotentialissuesearlyon,engineersandoperatorscanquicklyimplementcorrectiveactiontopreventmoreseriousproblemsfromdeveloping.

Overall,overcomingthechallengesposedbysoftrockenvironmentsrequiresaholisticapproachthatcombinesdetailedanalysis,customizeddesign,ongoingmonitorin