2012年英语期末复习题(含答案)

一、短语翻译。（20分）1、Significant至关重要2、derivation从…获得3、necessity必需品6、compatriot同胞4、teleconference远程电话会议5、superficial肤浅的7、realestate不动产10、implement实施、执行13、搞糟makeamessof16、可居住的inhabitable19、心理学者psychologist22、fascinated被…迷住的25、hike远足8.asset资产9、becontraryto与…相反12、灭绝的extinct11、危及endanger14、十字图案crisscross17、在某些方面inthisrespect20、易于beaptto23、minivan小型货车15、追查到trackdown18、并肩的sidebyside21、athletics运动员24、poised泰然自若27、ethicist伦理学家30、sustainable可承受的33、解决办法solution36、规则regulation26、huddle缩成一团28、cutshort中断29、kickthehabit戒除嗜好32、臭氧ozone31、破坏性的devastating34、偷猎poach35、保护preserve38、障碍roadblock37、感到怀疑indoubt40、压倒crush39、素描sketch二、Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsandphrasesgivenbelow.(10分)1）、Adopt/apply/expert/negative/release/stable/tradition/befedupwith/Bringup/leadto1、Takingdeepbreathcanrelease2、Agoodteacherwouldnothaveyoufromyourneverousness.negativeinfluenceonhisstudents.3、Aftersomanydays,Harleyhasalreadybeenfedupwithallthoseboringmeetings.4、Thecompanyisadoptingnewmethodstryingtoencourageitsemployeestoworkharder.5、Commoditypriceshaveremainedstableforquiteafewyearsinthiscountry.6、Afterherhusband’sdeathinacaraccident,Marybroughtupherthreechildrenallbyherself.7、Itisimportanttomasterthetheoriesandapplythemtopractice.8、PeopleoftheoldergenerationwouldalwayskeepupthetraditionofplainlivingandhardWork.9、Hiscarelessnessandlazinesshasledtothefailureintheentranceexams.10、ThepatientshavestrongbeliefinDoctorLeebecauseheisanexpertofthatfield.2）、Appoint/calm/confidence/decision/encounter/excellent/failure/Picure/fallshortof/holddown/takeadvantageof/takeover1、Shedidn’tliketodiscussher__decisiontoleavethecompany.2、Aftertheaccidentittookalongtimebeforeshehadthe_confidence_togetonaplaneagain.3、she’swarmheartedandhardworking,andIbelieveshecanbecomean_excellent_teacher.4、Thepoormanis__holdingdown__threejobsatthesametimeinordertosupporthisfamily.5、The__failure___oftheinternationalcommunitytodealeffectivelywiththeproblemhascostThousandsoflives.6、I___tookadvantageof___thegoodweathertopaintthewall.7、Thecompanyhas__appointed__anewsalesdirector.8、He__encountered___theyoungwomanasshewasleavingasupermarket.9、Icanstill___picture___herlovelyblueeyesandsweetsmiles.10、EveryonethoughtHenrywould___takeover___thecompanyafterhisfatherdied.11、Afteryesterday’sfighting，theregionisnow___calm___again.(课本原题增加)12、Hewouldsackanyofhisstaffwho___fellshortof___hishighstandards.(课本原题增加)三、MatchthewordsincolumnAwiththeirexplainationsincolumnB.(10分)ColumnA1、uneasy2、dishColumnBA、Plate（盘子、碟子）B、look（表情）3、rawC、Politeness(礼貌)D、Thin（薄的）4、manners5、slimE、uncooked（未煮熟、生的）F、Select（挑选）6、appreciate7、pickout8、expression9、feature10、ruralG、Understand（理解）H、Upset（不安的）I、characteristic（特征）J、ofthecountry（乡下）答案：1、H2、A3、E4、C5、D6、G7、F8、B9、I10、J11、confuse12、hopA、Disclose（透露）B、Shake（颤抖）13、persistin14、stillC、secret（秘密）D、mixup（混淆）15、mystery16、revealE、jump（跳）F、Unmoving（不动的）G、Chance（机会）17、opportunity18、quiverH、insiston（坚持）I、giveacceptablereasons（令人满意的）J、thestatetocontinuetolive19、justify20、survival（生存）

答案：11、D12、E13、H14、F15、C16、A17、G18、B19、I20、J四、Choosethebestonetofinishthefollowingsentences.(10分)1、Canfishhearfishermen________C________alongthestream.a.movedb.tomovec.movingd.bemoved2、AgathaChristie’sworldisnotquitearealworld,_____D_____isoneofthereasonswhyherbookshavenotbecomedated.a.that3、Hefelthim_____A______herhand.a.touchb.touchedc.havetouchedd.hadtouched4、Theemperorcombinedthesewalls______B________oc.atd.by5、Haveyoumadeupyourmind?No,I______C_______thematter.b.itc.inwhichd.whicha.haveconsideredb.consideredc.havebeenconsideringd.wasconsidering6、Hismother’slifehadbeensohard______D______shehadfinallygonemad.b.whoc.whomd.thata.what7、Itwasnot_______A________1972thathewaswelcomedbacktoreceiveanaward–theawardofOscar.a.untild.to8、Hissuccessis_______D________hishardwork.a.forb.becausec.ownfor9、Thegirl_______A_______thebicycleisJane.b.tillc.ind.duetoa.ridingonb.drivinginc.drivingond.ridingin10、Weareignorantofthedegree_______B_______hatc.towhichd.forwhich11、Job’sfather,alongwithhistwobrothers,_________C________inNewYorkonemoreday.a.demandsthathestaysc.demandsthathestayb.demandthathestaysd.demandthathestay12、Anactormightbefrightenedornerousashemovedontothestage,especially____A_____heforgotHislinesa.as13、Bobwishesthathe_______B_________thathouselastspring.a.boughtb.hadboughtc.buysd.werebuy14、Solidisdifferentfromliquid_______D_________hat15、Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatsto_______C_________comesfirst.a.whob.whomc.whoeverd.whomever16、Idon’tdoubt________A___________heisqualifiedfortheposition.a.thatb.whyc.whether17、Therehasbeenanaccidentonthemortorway,________D_______longdelays.a.causinginb.relatinginc.leadingind.resultingin18、Theteam________B________fourEuropeansandtwoAposedofb.consistsofc.makeupofd.insistsof19、Thehousethattheypromisedus_______C_______tobeatinyflat.b.whilec.ifd.unlessd.howa.turnedinto20、Everyone_____B_____himthatitisimportanttohaverulesandsticktothem.a.agreeonb.agreewithc.agreetod.agreeinb.turneddownc.turnedoutd.turnedon五、Readingcomprehension.(20分)Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatexactlyisalie?Isitanythingwesaywhichweknowisuntrue?Orisitsomethingmorethanthat?Forexample,supposeafriendwantstoborrowsomemoneyfromyou.Yousay“IwishIcouldhelpyoubutI’mshortofmoneymyself.”Infact,youarenotshortofmoneybutYourfriendisindebtandyoudon’twanttohurthisfeelingsbyremindinghimofthis.Isthisrallyalie?ProfessorJeraldJellisonoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahasmadeascientificstudyoflying.Accordingtohim,womenarebetterliarsthanmen,particularlywhentellinga“whitelie”,suchaswhenawomanatapartytellsanotherwomanthatshelikesherdresswhenshereallythinksitlooksawful.However,thisisonlyonesideofthestory.Otherresearcherssaythatmenaremorelikelytotellmoreseriouslies,suchasmakingapromisewhichtheyhavenointensionoffulfilling.Thisisthekindofliepoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeparticularlyskilledat:theliefromwhichtheliarhopestoprofitorgaininsomeway.Researchhasalsobeendoneintothewaypeople’sbehaviorchangesinanumberofsmall,apparentlyunimportantwayswhentheylie.Ithasbeenfoundthatiftheyaresittingdownatthetime,theytendtomoveaboutintheirchairsmorethanusual.Tothetrainedobservertheyaresaying“IwishIweresomewhereelsenow.”Theyalsotendtotouchcertainpartsofthefacemoreoften,inparticularthenose.Oneexplanationofthismaybethatlyingcausesaslightincreaseinbloodpressure.Thetipofthenoseisverysensitivetosuchchangesandtheincreasedpressuresmakeititch.AnothergesturewhichgivesliarsawayiswhatthewriterDesmondMorrisinhisbookManwatchingcalls“themouthcover”.Hesaysthereareseveraltypicalformsofthis,suchascoveringpartofthemouthwiththefingers,touchingtheupper-liporputtingafingerofthehandatonesideofthemouth.Suchagesturecanbeunderstoodasanunconsciousattemptonthepartoftheliartostophimselforherselffromlying.Ofcourse,suchgesturesasrubbingthenoseorcoveringthemouth,ormovingaboutinachaircannotbetakenasproofthatthespeakerislying.Theysimplytendtooccurmorefrequentlyinthissituation.Itisnotonegesturealonethatgivestheliarawaybutawholenumberofthings,andinparticularthecontextinwhichthelieistold.1、Accordingtothepassage,a“whitelie”seemstobealieCA、thatotherpeoplebelieveB、thatotherpeopledon’tbelieveC、toldinordertoavoidoffendingsomeoneD、toldinordertotakeadvantageofsomeone2、ResearchsuggeststhatwomenAA、arebetterattellinglessseriousliesthanmenareB、generallyliefarmorethanmendoC、lieatpartiesmoreoftenthanmendoD、oftenmakepromisestheyintendtobreak3、ResearchersfindthatwhenapersontellsliesCA、hisbloodpressureincreasesmeasurablyB、helooksveryseriousC、hetendstomakesomesmallchangesinhisbehaviorD、heuseshisunconsciousmind4、OnereasonpeoplesometimesrubtheirnoseswhentheylieisthatBA、theywishtheyweresomewhereelseB、thenoseissensitivetophysicalchangescausedbylyingC、theywanttocovertheirmouthsD、theyaretryingtostopthemselvesfromtellinglies5、ThetoneofthispassagetellsusthatthewriterDA、hatestolieB、enjoyslyingC、oftentellsalieD、triestoanalyzelyingPassage2Question6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime:ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.Inthesameway,childrenlearningtodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaught—towalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicycle—comparetheirownperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthismistakesandcorrectthemforhimself.Wedoitallforhimasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim,orcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whathiswordsays,whattheansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.Ifitisamatterofrightanswers,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsthathecan’tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Letthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.6、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthebestwayforchildrentolearnthingA、Listeningtoskilledpeople’sadvice.B、Askingolderpeoplemanyquestions.C、Makingmistakesandhavingthemcorrected.D、Doingwhatotherpeopledo.7.ThewriterthinkteachersshouldNOTA、givechildrencorrectanswersC.B、allowchildrentomakemistakesD、letchildrenmarktheirownworkC、pointoutchildren’smistakestothem8.Accordingtothewriter,teachersinschoolshouldA.A、allowchildrentolearnfromeachotherB、pointoutchildren’smistakeswheneverfoundD、givechildrenmorebookknowledge9.Accordingtothepassage,learningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycleareB.C、correctchildren’smistakesassoonaspossibleA、differentfromlearningotherskillsC、moreimportantthanotherskillsB、thesameaslearningotherskillsD、notreallyimportantskills10.ThetitleofthispassagecouldprobablybeA、LetUsTeachersStopWorkD.B、LetUsMakeChildrenLearnC、LetChildrenCorrectTheirExercisesD、LetChildrenLearnByThemselvesPassage3Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Everyhumanbeing,nomatterwhatheisdoing,givesoffbodyheat.Theusualproblemishowtodisposeofit.ButthedesignersoftheJohnstowncampusoftheUniversityofPittsburghsetthemselvestheoppositeproblem—howtocollectbodyheat.Theyhavedesignedacollectionsystemwhichutilizesnotonlybodyheat,buttheheatgivenoffbysuchobjectsaslightbubsandrefrigeratorsaswell.Thesystemworkssowellthatnoconventionalfuelisneededtomakethecampus’ssixbuildingscomfortable.Somepartsofmostmodernbuildings—theatersandofficesaswellasclassroomsaremorethanamplyheatedbypeopleandlightsandsometimesmustbeair-conditionedeveninwinter.Thetechniqueofsavingheatandredistributingitiscalled“heatrecovery.”Afewmodernbuildingsrecoverheat,buttheUniversity’ssystemisthefirsttorecoverheatfromsomebuildingsandre-useitinothers.Alongtheway,pitthaslearnedagreatdealaboutsomeofitsheatproducers.Theharderastudentstudies,themoreheathisbodygivesoff.Malestudentsemitmoreheatthanfemalestudents,andthelargerastudent,themoreheatheproduces.ItistemptingtoconcludethatthehottestprospectfortheJohnstowncampuswouldbeahardworking,overweightmalegenius.1.Untilrecently,bodyheathascausedproblemsbecauseit___C__.A.wasdifficulttocollectB.cameinavarietyofformsC.wasdifficulttogetridofD.tendedtobeabsorbedbyphysicalobjects2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheheatingsystemoftheJohnstowncampus?A.Theheatissuppliedbyhumanbodiesonly.B.Theheatissuppliedbybothhumanbodiesandotherheatemittingobjects.C.Theheatissuppliedbybothhumanbodiesandconventionalfuel.D.Theheatissuppliedbyhumanbodies,otherheatemittingobjects,andconventionalfuel.3.Thephrase“eveninwinter”(inline8)mostnearlymeansC__.___A.ifthewinterisespeciallywarmB.duringalloftheyearexceptthewinterC.inthewinteraswellasinotherseasons4.Thephrase“heatrecovery”referstoaD____.A.methodofconcealingthesourceofheatC.supplementaryhotwatersystemD.duringtheeveningsinthewinterB.specialformofairconditioningD.wayofreclaimingandre-usingheat5.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingwouldproducetheLEASTamountofheat?A.Afatfemalewhostudieshard.C.Afatmalewhodoesnotstudy.B.Athinfemalewhodoesnotstudy.D.Athinmalewhostudieshard.Passage4Heredity(遗传)isnottheonlythingthatinfluencesourcolor.Whereweliveandhowweliveafterwearebornareimportanttoo.Forinstance,ourgenesinfluencehowfatorthinweare.Butourweightdependsmainlyuponhowmuchweeatandhowmuchexerciseweget.Inthesameway,ourskincolordependstoaLargeextenthowmuchlightwegetwhensummerarrivesandlight-coloredpeoplegotothebeaches，somewilltandarkly,somewilltanlightlyandfewwillnottanatall.Eachonehasinheritedadifficultabilitytotan，butthedifferencedonotappearuntiltheconditionsareright.Anoutdoormanwillsoonbecomepaleifhechangestoanindoorjob,whileadeskclerkwilltakeontanafterashortvacationinthesun.Sometimespeopledecidethatbeingtannedisbetterthanbeingpale.Sometimestheydecidetheopposite.Centuriesago,mostofthepeopleinEuropewerepeasantsandtheyhadtoworkinthefieldsallday.Noblemen,ontheotherhand,didnothavetowork.Theystayedindoorsandremainedpale.Youcouldalwaystellanoblemanfromapeasantbecauseapeasanthadatan.Asaresult,ashinsopalethattheveins(血管)showedwasconsideredamarkofgreatbeauty.DuringtheIndustrialRevolutionthingschanged.Farmerslefttheirfieldsandwenttoworkinfactories,minesandmills.Workingforlonghoursindimly-litfactoriesandminesmadetheirskinspale.Wealthypeople,however,couldaffordtotravelsosunnycountries.Theyhadtheleisuretoliearoundonthebeachesandgettan.Havingatanbecameasignofwealth.InWesternEuropeandNorthAmericapaleskinisnolongerdesirable.Insteadofbleachingthemselveswhitewithlemonjuice,manywomenspendtheirtimeunderasun-lamp.Thedesireforaquicktanhasledtotheinventionofpillsandlotions（涂剂）thatdarkentheskinartificiallywithoutexposuretosunlight.Thesepillsandlotionscanbeboughtbyanyoneatanydrugstore.ArichmancanspendhundredsofdollarsonavacationinthesunnyWestIndiesandgethissuntanthere.Buthislowest-paidclerkcanhave