2021-2022学年江苏省苏州市高三(上)期初调研英语试卷(附答案详解)

第=page22页，共=sectionpages22页第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2021-2022学年江苏省苏州市高三（上）期初调研英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AForcenturies,teahasbeenusedforfarmorethanovercomingthirst.Aroundtheworldpeopledrinkittorelaxandrestoreenergy.

Green,oolongandblackteacomefromthesameplant—Camelliasinensis（茶树）.Greentea,however,isprocessedinadifferentway,whichresultsinhigherlevelsofsomeofthecompoundsthatscientistsbelievehavepositiveeffectsonourmentalhealth.

A2017reviewofmorethan100studiesfoundthatgreenteacanimpactthebraininthreeways：reduceanxiety；focusattention；andimprovebrainfunction,especiallymemory.However,itwascautionedthattheeffectsaren'tlarge,andcurrentevidenceismainlyprovidedbysmall-scalestudies.

Therearealsosuggestionsthatteacouldimprovethesymptomsofdepression,dementia（痴呆）andDownsyndrome（唐氏综合征）.

A2018studyconductedinSouthKoreafoundthatfrequentgreenteadrinkerswere21%lesslikelytodevelopdepressionthanthosewhowerenon-drinkers.However,asanobservationalstudy,itcouldn'testablishcauseandeffect,onlyassociation.

Teaalsohassomebenefitsforourphysicalhealth—it'slinkedtoalongerlife,couldreducesomeriskfactorsforcardiovascular（心血管的）diseasesuchasheartattackandstroke,andmayalsohaveaweight-losingeffect.

"Weneedbetterdatatotrulyassessthebenefitsofteaonourmentalandphysicalwell-being,"saidGunterKuhnleattheUniversityofReading,"however,withtheexceptionofgreenteapills,whichhavebeenlinkedtoliverdamage,andburningtea,whichhasbeenlinkedtoesophageal（食道的）cancer,there'snorealdownsidetoacupoftea.Ithinkmostpeopleenjoyrituals（仪式感）.It'sacomfortingthing.Ifthere'sanythingwrong,hereit'sacupofteathat'sneeded."Howisgreenteadifferentfromoolongandblacktea？______A.Itcuresdepressionanddementia.

B.Itisneverpartofacomplexritual.

C.Ithashigherlevelsofcertaincompounds.

D.ItistakenfromCamelliasinensis.WhatdoesGunterKuhnlewanttoexpress？______A.Greentearitualsgivepeoplecomfort.

B.Greenteapillsmaycauseesophagealcancer.

C.Greenteabringspeoplemoreharmthangood.

D.Greenteaprovesbeneficialwithnoexception.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.Whichteapreventscancer B.Whydrinkingteamighthelp

C.Whenteacausesliverdamage D.HowteasareprocessedBAtfirst,Ididn'trecognizethesymptomsthatweallhadincommon.Friendsmentionedthattheywerehavingtroubleconcentrating.Itwasn'tburnout—westillhadenergy.Itwasn'tdepression—wedidn'tfeelhopeless.Wejustfeltsomewhatjoylessandaimless.

Itturnsoutthere'sanameforthat：languishing.

Languishingisasenseofinactivityandemptiness.Itfeelsasifyou'remuddling（应付）throughyourdays,lookingatyourlifethroughafoggywindshield（挡风玻璃）.

Inpsychology,wethinkaboutmentalhealthonaspectrum（范围）fromdepressiontoflourishing（精力旺盛）.Flourishingisthepeakofwell-being.Depressionisthevalleyofill-being.Languishingistheneglectedmiddlechildofmentalhealth.It'stheemptinessbetweendepressionandflourishing—theabsenceofwell-being.You'renotfunctioningatfullcapacity.Languishingdullsyourmotivation,disruptsyourabilitytofocus,andgreatlyincreasesthepossibilitythatyou'llcutbackonwork.

Partofthedangeristhatwhenyou'relanguishing,youmightnotnoticethedullingofdelightorthedecreasingofdrive.Youdon'tcatchyourselfslippingslowlyintoaloneness；you'reindifferenttoyourindifference.Whenyoucan'tseeyourownsuffering,youdon'tseekhelporevendomuchtohelpyourself.

Sowhatcanwedoaboutit？Peoplewhobecamemorefocusedontheirworkmanagedtoavoidlanguishing.Interruptedattentionisanenemyofengagementandexcellence.Togobeyondlanguishing,giveyourselfsomeuninterruptedtime.Itclearsoutconstantdistractions（分心）andgivesusthefreedomtofocus.Andtrystartingwithsmallwinsbyfocusingonachallengethatmatterstoyou-aninterestingproject,aworthwhilegoal,orameaningfulconversation.

Westillhavealottolearnaboutwhatcauseslanguishingandhowtocureit,butnamingitmightbeafirststep.Itcouldhelptodefogourvision,givingusaclearerwindowintowhathadbeenanunclearexperience.Itcouldremindusthatweweren'talone：languishingiscommonandshared.

Byacknowledgingthatsomanyofusarelanguishing,wecanstartgivingvoicetoquietdespairandlightingapathoutoftheemptiness.Whichdefinitionbestsuitstheword"languishing"？______A.Feelingexhaustedandwithouthope.

B.Becomingweakerorfailingtoimprove.

C.Makingsomeonewanttoachievesomething.

D.Goingbeyondtheusuallimitsofsomething.Whichofthefollowingcanbedescribedaslanguishing？______A.Seekinghelpwhenyouaresuffering.

B.Realizingthatyouarenotaloneindespair.

C.Givingyourselfsomeuninterruptedtime.

D.Beingindifferenttoyourlackofenthusiasm.Whatcouldpsychologistsdotohelpsolvetheproblemsoflanguishing？______A.Givepeoplemorefreedom. B.Seeitasdepression.

C.Nameitclearly. D.Removeitfromaspectrum.Whyisitsignificanttoknowlanguishingiscommonandshared？______A.Wecanletthesilentdespairspeakupandfindawayout.

B.Wecancontinuetolearnmoreaboutlanguishing.

C.Wecanseeitasbasicallythesameasdepression.

D.Wecanstudyitasthecompleteoppositeofflourishing.CAbatandaballcost﹩1.10intotal.Thebatcosts﹩1.00morethantheball.Howmuchdoestheballcost？

Ifyouanswered10cents,you'renotalone-mostpeoplegivethesameanswer（thecorrectansweris5cents）.It'sanexampleofhowweoftenrelyonintuitive（直觉的）responses-answerswefeelaretrue.Peoplegiveanswersthat"popintotheirmind,"saysStevenSloman.Wedon'tspendmuchtime"reflectingandcheckingwhethertheanswerisrightorwrong."

Thebatandballquestionhelpsexplainwhyweoftenbelieveinfake（假的）news.Itispartofhumannaturetobelieve,saysSloman.But"thetrickwithfakenewsistoknowtoverify"inotherwords,tostopandquestionwhatyouknow.Inoneexperiment,Slomanandacolleagueinventedadiscoverycalledheliumrain.Theytoldagroupofvolunteersaboutit,butadmittedtheycouldnotfullyexplainwhatitwas.Theythenaskedthevolunteerstoratetheirownunderstandingofheliumrain.Mostvolunteersratedthemselves1outof7，meaningtheydidnotunderstandtheconcept.

Theresearchersthentoldanothergroupofvolunteersaboutthediscovery.Thistime,theysaidthatscientistscouldfullyexplainhowitworks.Whenaskedtoratetheirunderstanding,thevolunteersgaveanaverageanswerof2.Thescientists'confidencegavethevolunteersanincreasedsenseoftheirownunderstanding,Slomansays.

AccordingtoSloman,studiesshowthatknowledgespreadslikeacontagion（传染病）.Thisideacanbeseeninmanyfields,includingpolitics."Ifeveryonearoundyouissayingtheyunderstandwhyapoliticianisdishonest,"Slomansays,"thenyou'regoingtostartthinkingthatyouunderstand,too."

Anotherexplanationforthespreadoffakenewsis"motivatedreasoning,"writesAdamWyatz,anAmericanmanagementprofessor,"wearenaturallymorelikelytobelievethingsthatconfirmourexistingopinions."

So,inaworldwheremisleadinginformationiscommon,trainingpeopletocareaboutfact-checkingisimportant,especiallyinonlinecommunities."Weshouldcheckthingsandnotjusttakethematfacevalue,"Slomansays."Verifybeforeyoubelieve."Whydoestheauthorusetheexampleofthebatandballquestion？______A.Towarnthatpeopleoftenignoreskillsthattheylearned.

B.Toshowthattherearevariousanswerstoaquestion.

C.Toillustratethatpeopletendtorushtoaconclusion.

D.Toarousepeople'sinterestinplayingguessinggames.Inparagraph3，whatdoestheunderlinedword"verify"mean？______A.Tomakesuresomethingistrue.

B.Tothinkaboutsomethingforalongtime.

C.Toexpressanopinionaboutsomething.

D.Tofollowyourintuitiveresponse.Whendomorevolunteersclaimtounderstandheliumrain？______A.Whensomeofthevolunteersexplainedittothem.

B.WhenSlomanandhiscolleaguesshowedthemhowitworks.

C.Whentheyhavemoreconfidenceinthemselves.

D.Whentheybelievedthatscientistsunderstoodit.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"motivatedreasoning"？______A.Youtrustadamagingstoryaboutsomeonewhoyoualwaysjudgenegatively.

B.Youpostamessageonlinethatgivesyourpersonalopinionaboutanewsstory.

C.Yousearchonlineformoreinformationaboutadoubtfulstoryonsocialmedia.

D.Youthinkauniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyaroundyousayso.DAtticuswassittingintheswing,andMr.Tatewasinachairnexttohim.Thelightfromtheliving-roomwindowswasstrongonthem.

"Well,Heck,"Atticuswassaying,"Ofcourseitwasclear-cutselfdefense,butit'llcomebeforecountycourt."

"Mr.Finch,doyouthinkJemkilledBobEwell？Doyouthinkthat？"

"YouheardwhatScoutsaid,there'snodoubtaboutit.ShesaidJemgotupandyankedhimoffher—heprobablygotholdofEwell'sknifesomehowinthedark…we'llfindouttomorrow."

"Mr.Finch,holdon."saidMr.Tate."JemneverstabbedBobEwell."

Atticuswassilentforamoment.HelookedatMr.Tateasifheappreciatedwhathesaid.ButAtticusshookhishead.

"Heck,thankyoufromthebottomofmyheart,butIdon'twantmyboystartingoutwithsomethinglikethisoverhishead.Bestwaytocleartheairistohaveitalloutintheopen."

"Mr.Finch,"Mr.Tatesaid,"BobEwellfellonhisknife.Hekilledhimself."

"Heck,"Atticus'sbackwasturned."Ifthisthing'shushedup（掩盖）it'llbeasimpledenialtoJemofthewayI'vetriedtoraisehim.BeforeJemlooksatanyoneelsehelooksatme,andI'vetriedtolivesoIcanlooksquarelybackathim…ifIallowthistohappen,Icouldn'tmeethiseyes,andthedayIcan'tdothatI'llknowI'velosthim.Idon'twanttolosehimandScout,becausethey'reallI'vegot."

"Mr.Finch."Mr.Tatewasstillplantedtothefloorboards."BobEwellfellonhisknife.Icanproveit."

Atticuswheeledaround.Hishandsdugintohispockets."Heck,can'tyoueventrytoseeitmyway？WhenmychildrenaregrownI'llbeanoldmanifI'mstillaround,butrightnowI'm—iftheydon'ttrustmetheywon'ttrustanybody.JemandScoutknowwhathappened.Iftheyhearofmesayingdowntownsomethingdifferenthappened—Heck,Iwon'thavethemanymore.Ican'tliveonewayintownandanotherwayinmyhome."

Mr.Tatesaidpatiently,"BobEwellfellonhisknife.—Look,Icanshowyou."Whichofthefollowingmostprobablyhappenedbeforethispartofthestory？______A.JemattackedBobEwell. B.BobEwellattackedJem.

C.BobEwellwaskilledbyJem. D.JemwaskilledbyBobEwell.WhydoesAtticuswantittocomebeforecountycourt？______A.HebelievedBobEwellhadkilledhimself.

B.Hewantedtohidetheactualfact.

C.Hewantedthejudgetomakethedecision.

D.Hewantedthepublictoknowthetruth.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inparagraph9referto？______A.Jem'slookingatAtticusbeforehelookedatothers.

B.AtticusFinch'slookingsquarelybackatJem.

C.Scout'saccountofwhatJemhaddone.

D.HushingupthefactthatJemhadkilledBobEwell.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAtticusFinchasafather？______A.Shallow. B.Shy.

C.Principled. D.Untrustworthy.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Whenhedidit,all16hours,46minutesandninesecondsofphysicalandpsychologicalhell,hisfathertoldhim："YouwokeupthismorningasaboywithDownsyndrome.(1)"

ChrisNikic.He's21.

Hemadetheunrealistichisreality.(2)Lastfall,hebecamethefirstpersonwithDownsyndrometocompleteanIronmantriathlon—a2.4-mileswim,112-milebikerideand26.2-milerun.

ChrisNikicisnotjustanIronman—he'sasuperhero."Sincetherace,wehavereceivedthousandsandthousandsofmessagesfrompeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinspiredbyhisjourney.(3)TheyhavekidswithspecialneedsorDownsyndrome.Andsoit'stouchedChrisandtouchedusquitealot."saidChris'father,NikNikic.

"(4)Becauseheletsthemusehimasamirrortolookinwardlyandsay,'Look,ifhecandosomuchwithsolittle,whatcanIdowithwhatI'vegot？'It'snotabouthim—it'sabouthowhemakesotherpeoplefeelaboutthemselves,"NikNikicsaid.

ChrisNikic'sstoryspreadamongthestaffatSpecialOlympicMissouri.AsexplainedbyBrianNeuner,chiefdevelopmentandmarketingofficer,"(5)Andso,thiswasjustanamazingexampleofwherehisabilitywasrealized,eventhoughhehasadisability.Wereallyfocusonprogramsthataredesignedforhelpingpeoplemoveforwardandadvance.Progresscanbemeasuredinsomanydifferentways.Obviously,anIronman,that'sanextremeachievement."

A.Ithinkinmanywayshehelpspeopletorealizethattheycandomore.

B.Thencamethebigrace.

C.You'regoinghomeasanIronman.

D.Alotofthemessagesarefromfamilieslikeus.

E.Wereallyfocusontheability,notthedisability.

F.ThenativeofMaitland,Florida,believedintheunbelievable.

G.Chrisunderwentsomesurgeriesthatlefthimsedentary（久坐不动的）.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）Q：WheredidyougettheideasforCountingby7s？

A：Thenovel(21)threethemesthathavelonginterestedme.Giftedchildren.Personalloss.Andadoptedchildren.Myownkidswenttoaschoolfor(22)children,soIhadalotofexperiencethere.I(23)severalpeopleveryclosetomeinthelastfewyears.AndIhaveseveraldearfriendswhowerethemselvesadoptedasinfants（婴儿），andseveralotherswhohaveadoptedchildren.(24)，IwentonagrouptriptoCubaona(25)exchangeprogram,andafellowtravelerhadadoptedtwokidsthatwereolder.Allthesethings(26)mywritinginCountingby7s.Also,myeditorwhenI(27)thebookwasadoptedasaninfant.HerbirthfatherwasfromAfricaandherbirthmotherwaswhite.Ifoundherstoryextremely(28)andenchanting.Partofthetheme(29)theideaofbecomingstrongerand(30).Itisabout(31)andunderstanding.IchosetheNguyenfamilybecausetheirpersonal(32)putsaspotlightonmanythings.Feelinglikean(33).Beingdisplaced.Thepowerofhardworkandthe(34)ofsharedcommunity.It'sallsupposedtoconnecttothebiggerideaofthe(35).

A.explores B.divides C.suggests D.explains

A.rich B.poor C.gifted D.disabled

A.met B.lost C.accepted D.rejected

A.Additionally B.Definitely C.Absolutely D.Eventually

A.financial B.environmental C.medical D.cultural

A.prevented B.informed C.changed D.challenged

A.started B.finished C.published D.forwarded

A.normal B.boring C.natural D.interesting

A.abandons B.involves C.warns D.varies

A.turningback B.stayingon C.movingon D.breakingout

A.education B.health C.growth D.examination

A.struggle B.wealth C.pride D.advice

A.insider B.outsider C.organizer D.inspector

A.condition B.location C.importance D.existence

A.speech B.film C.program D.book四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）AcreativepersonwithoutasenseofhumorhasaseriousproblemAphysicist,doctor,accountant,lawyer,garbagecollector,etc.withoutasenseofhumorcanstillbeterrificatwhattheydo.Butacreativeperson(1)ishumorlesscouldneverproduceconsistentlygreatworkincommunicationwithwarmthandhumanitytothevastmajorityofthepeople.Humorin(2)（creative）islikehumorinlife.Peopleoftenaskme,"Doeshumorworkinadvertising？"butthat'sastupidquestion.Doesanyone(3)ask,"Doeshumorworkinlife？"Ifhumorisappropriateandfunny,itshould"work."Thequestionshouldbe,"Howcanyou(4)（possible）createwithouthumor？"Certainly,inallformsofcommunication,humorisa(5)（nature）waytowin(6)（someone）heart.Inexaminingmywork,lectures,andbooksIhavewrittenovertheyears,it'sdifficulttoisolate"humor"asacategorybecauseit(7)（run）throughalmosteverythingIdo—andthroughmostofmy(8)（wake）hours.Humordisarmsandmakesonemoreacceptingof(9)（thought）andimagesthatcouldbehardtotakeinseriousdiscourse.Saysomethingseriousinafunnyway,(10)youcanwinoverpeopleeverytime.五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）人们在生活中常常会拖延，请你以MyIdeaofProcrastination写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：

1.你是否拖延；

2.你拖延与否的原因；

3.你对拖延的看法。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考词汇：procrastinationn.拖延.；procrastinateV.拖延；procrastinatorn.拖延者

MyIdeaofProcrastination_________.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

OvercomingAdversityOnthebusheadedtotheUnitedStatesfromMexico,IexperiencedthesaddestandlongestrideIeverhad.Thethoughtsofmenotseeingmyfriendsandfamilyagainweretakingovermymindandcausingastrongsenseofdepression.AsIheadedtoaplaceIdidn'twanttocallhome,minutesfeltlikehoursandthehoursfeltlikedays.

"WelcometotheUnitedStates,"thedriversaidattheimmigrationcheckpoint.TheOfficersrepeatedlyaskedmeformypassport,butIdidn'tunderstandasinglewordcomingoutoftheirmouth.Afterwesortedoutalltheconfusionwewereonourway.With3hoursleft,anewthoughttookovermymind：stupidity.Notbeingabletounderstandanewlanguagewasthecauseofmyfeeling.ThisfilledmewithaburningragethatIhadneverfeltbefore.

NotunderstandingthenewlanguageIwasintroducedtowasalwaysaproblemthatIstruggledwithalone.Inschool,IfeltliketheproblemsweregrowingrapidlyandIwaslosingcontrol.Thetransitionfrombeingastraight-AstudentinMexicotobeingastraightFstudentintheUnitedStateswasn'teasyandleftmewonderingifIcouldeverbelonghere.Iwasalwaysknownastheweird（怪的）Mexicanintheclassroom.Makingfriendswasalwayshardbecausenoonewantedtohangoutwiththeweirdo（怪人）intheclass.

ItoldmyselfthatifIwantedtoovercomemyproblemIhadtopracticeitmore.Whenitcametogroupassignments,Ithoughtthatitwastheperfectmomenttocarryoutmyplantoholdaconversationwithsomeoneelse.Themomentarrived,Iwasnervousthatitwasmytimetospeakinthegroup.Withastutter（结巴），myfirstwordscameoutofmymouth."HeymynameisJesus,"IsaidwithastrongMexicanaccent.EveryoneinthegroupburstoutlaughingandthecauseoftheirjoywasmystrongMexicanaccent.Thismademewanttocrawlupintoalittleballandstartcryinginfrontofeveryone.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考词汇：adversityn逆境

Afterayearofhardworkandlongpracticescamemyfirstsuccessinreading.___________.

Asimple"Heyhowareyou"couldbetheicebreakerbetweenpeople.____________.

答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】B

【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。通过文章第二段"Green

tea,however,is

processed

in

a

different

way,which

results

in

higher

levels

of

some

of

the

compounds

that

scientists

believe

have

positive

effects

on

our

mental

health.

（然而，绿茶的加工方式不同，导致某些化合物含量更高，科学家认为这些化合物对我们的心理健康有积极影响）"可知，绿茶与乌龙茶和红茶的不同之处在于绿茶的某些化合物含量更高。故选C。

（2）A.细节理解题。通过文章最后一段"I

think

most

people

enjoy

rituals.It's

a

comforting

thing.

（我想大多数人都喜欢仪式感。这是一件令人欣慰的事情。）"可知，Gunter

Kuhnle认为喝绿茶的仪式感能让人感到舒适与慰藉。故选A。

（3）B.标题确定题。通读全文，再根据文章第三段"green

tea

can

impact

the

brain

in

three

ways：reduce

anxiety；focus

attention；and

improve

brain

function,especially

memory

（绿茶可以从三个方面影响大脑：减少焦虑；集中注意力；改善大脑功能，特别是记忆。）"以及倒数第二段"Tea

also

has

some

benefits

for

our

physical

health

—

it's

linked

to

a

longer

life,could

reduce

some

risk

factors

for

cardiovascular

disease

such

as

heart

attack

and

stroke,and

may

also

have

a

weight-losing

effect.

（茶对我们的身体健康也有一些好处它可以延长寿命，可以减少心血管疾病的一些危险因素，例如心脏病发作和中风等疾病，也可能有减肥作用。）"可推知，本文主要介绍了喝茶对人体多个方面的好处。B项"为什么喝茶可能有帮助"符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了喝茶对人身体有益，特别是绿茶，喝绿茶可以缓解焦虑、提高认知记忆能力和促进脑功能。

考查社会文化类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

4.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】C【小题4】A

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。通过文章第三段"Languishing

is

a

sense

of

inactivity

and

emptiness.

（Languishing是一种无所作为和空虚的感觉。）"以及第五段"you

might

not

notice

the

dulling

of

delight

or

the

decreasing

of

drive

（你可能没有注意到愉悦感的减弱或干劲的减少。）"和"you

don't

seek

help

or

even

do

much

to

help

yourself

（你不寻求帮助，甚至不做很多事来帮助自己）"可推知，B项"变弱或不上进"最适合定义"languishing"。故选B项。

（2）D.推理判断题。通过文章第五段"You

don't

catch

yourself

slipping

slowly

into

aloneness；you're

indifferent

to

your

indifference.

（你不会发现自己慢慢陷入孤独；你对自己的冷漠毫不关心。）"可推知，对自己缺乏热情，漠不关心就可以被描述为"languishing"。故选D项。

（3）C.细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段"We

still

have

a

lot

to

learn

about

what

causes

languishing

and

how

to

cure

it,but

naming

it

might

be

a

first

step.

（我们仍有很多东西需要了解，是什么导致了"languishing"以及如何治愈它，但为它命名可能是第一步。）"可知，心理学家可以清楚地将"languishing"命名来帮助解决问题。故选C项。

（4）A.细节理解题。通过文章最后一段"By

acknowledging

that

so

many

of

us

are

languishing,we

can

start

giving

voice

to

quiet

despair

and

lighting

a

path

out

of

the

emptiness.

（通过了解我们中的许多人都患有"languishing"，我们就能开始说出内心的平静的绝望，照亮并走出空虚的道路。）"可知，知道痛苦是普遍的和共同的是重要的，就可以将沉默的绝望大声说出来，并找到出路。故选A项。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种萎靡不振的精神状态--"languishing"，以及可以做些什么去改变这种精神状态。

1．直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】A

【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第二段"It's

an

example

of

how

we

often

rely

on

intuitive（直觉的）responses

–

answers

we

feel

are

true.People

give

answers

that

"pop

into

their

mind,"

says

Steven

Sloman.We

don't

spend

much

time

"reflecting

and

checking

whether

the

answer

is

right

or

wrong.""（这是一个我们如何经常依赖直觉反应的例子--我们认为答案是真实的。史蒂文•斯洛曼说，人们给出的答案"会突然进入他们的脑海"。我们不会花太多时间"反思和检查答案是否正确"）由此判断出，为什么作者用球拍和球的例子是来说明人们倾向于匆忙下结论。故选C项。

（2）A.词句猜测题。根据第三段"in

other

words,to

stop

and

question

what

you

know."（换句话说，停止并质疑你所知道的一切）由此可知，识别假新闻的诀窍是知道如何验证。故划线词的意思是"确定某事是真的"。故选A项。

（3）D.细节理解题。根据第四段"This

time,they

said

that

scientists

could

fully

explain

how

it

works.When

asked

to

rate

their

understanding,the

volunteers

gave

an

average

answer

of

2.The

scientists'

confidence

gave

the

volunteers

an

increased

sense

of

their

own

understanding,Sloman

says."（这一次，他们说科学家们可以完全解释它是如何工作的。当被要求对他们的理解程度打分时，志愿者给出了平均2分的答案。科学家的自信让志愿者们对自己的理解有了更多的认识，Sloman说）可知，当他们相信科学家能理解的时候，更多的志愿者声称了解氦雨。故选D项。

（4）A.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"we

are

naturally

more

likely

to

believe

things

that

confirm

our

existing

opinions."（我们自然而然地更倾向于相信那些证实了我们现有观点的事情）由此判断出A选项"你相信一个你总是负面评价的人的坏故事"为动机推理的典型例子。故选A项。

这是一篇说明文。短文通过实例和研究告诉我们，人们很容易被假新闻所误导，人们关注消息时应该核查其真伪性，这是很重要的。

1．直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

12.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】D【小题4】C

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。通过文章第二段"Of

course

it

was

clear-cut

self

defense

（当然，这是明确的自卫。）"以及第四段"She

said

Jem

got

up

and

yanked

him

off

her

—

he

probably

got

hold

of

Ewell's

knife

somehow

in

the

dark

（她说Jem站起来把他从她身上拽了下来他可能在黑暗中不知何故抓住了Ewell的刀。）"可推知，可能是Ewell持刀想要伤害Jem,Jem才进行了自卫。故选B项。

（2）D.推理判断题。通过文章第七段"Best

way

to

clear

the

air

is

to

have

it

all

out

in

the

open.

（消除误会的最好办法是把一切都说出来。）"以及第九段"If

this

thing's

hushed

up

it'll

be

a

simple

denial

to

Jem

of

the

way

I've

tried

to

raise

him.

（如果这件事被掩盖起来，那就等于对Jem否认我抚养他的方式。）"可推知，Atticus将案件提交到县法院是想让公众知道真相。故选D项。

（3）D.代词指代题。根据画线词上文"Before

Jem

looks

at

anyone

else

he

looks

at

me

（在Jem看别人之前，他先看我。）"以及下文"I

couldn't

meet

his

eyes,and

the

day

I

can't

do

that

I'll

know

I've

lost

him

（我不敢正视他的眼睛，当我不能正视他的时候，我就知道我失去了他。）"可推知，Atticus是Jem的人生榜样，此处指如果Atticus掩盖了Jem杀死Bob

Ewell的事实，他将无颜面对Jem。所以画线词"this"指代的是Jem杀死Bob

Ewell的事实。故选D项。

（4）C.推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章第九段"if

I

allow

this

to

happen,I

couldn't

meet

his

eyes

（如果我允许这种情况发生，我就无法直视他的眼睛。）"以及倒数第二段"I

can't

live

one

way

in

town

and

another

way

in

my

home.

（我不能在城里一种生活方式，在家里一种生活方式。）"可推知，Atticus是一个公私分明，有原则的人。A.Shallow.肤浅的；B.Shy.haixiu害羞的；C.Principled.有原则的；D.Untrustworthy.不可信的。故选C项。

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Atticus的儿子Jem杀了Bob

Ewell,他坚信儿子是出于自卫，将案件提交到了县法院的故事。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

16.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】F【小题3】D【小题4】A【小题5】E

【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据上文"You

woke

up

this

morning

as

a

boy

with

Down

syndrome.

（你今天早上醒来时还是个患有唐氏综合症的男孩）"以及下文"Chris

Nikic

is

not

just

an

Ironman

（Chris

Nikic不仅仅是一个铁人）"可推知，此处指Chris

Nikic完成了铁人三项全能比赛后，他的身份就不只是患有唐氏综合症的男孩了，还多了一个身份--铁人。C项"你将以铁人的身份回家。"承上启下，符合文意。故选C项。

（2）F.推理判断题。上文"He

made

the

unrealistic

his

reality.

（他把不切实际的想法变成了现实）"指出Chris

Nikic实现了不切实际的事情，设空处承上启下，下文"Last

fall,he

became

the

first

person

with

Down

syndrome

to

complete

an

Ironman

triathlon

（去年秋天，他成为第一个完成铁人三项全能比赛的唐氏综合症患者）"指出了不切实际的事情具体是什么。F项"这位土生土长的佛罗里达州梅特兰人相信令人难以置信的事。"承上启下，进一步说明唐氏综合症患者完成铁人三项全能比赛是一件令人难以置信的事，符合文意。故选F项。

（3）D.推理判断题。上文"Since

the

race,we

have

received

thousands

and

thousands

of

messages

from

people

around

the

world

who

are

inspired

by

his

journey.

（自比赛以来，我们收到了成千上万条信息，来自世界各地的人们都受到了他的旅程的启发）"指出Chris

Nikic完成了铁人三项全能比赛后，收到了很多信息，设空处承上启下，下文"They

have

kids

with

special

needs

or

Down

syndrome.

（他们的孩子有特殊需求或患有唐氏综合症）"指出了发信息的家庭中有孩子患有唐氏综合症或有特殊需求。D项"很多信息来自像我们这样的家庭。"承上启下，符合文意，且D项中的"messages"与上文一致。故选D项。

（4）A.推理判断题。下文"Because

he

lets

them

use

him

as

a

mirror

to

look

inwardly

and

say,

‘Look,if

he

can

do

so

much

with

so

little,what

can

I

do

with

what

I've

got？'

（因为他让他们把他当作一面镜子来审视自己的内心，并说，‘看，如果他拥有的这么少却能做这么多的事，那我能用我拥有的东西做什么呢'）"指出Chris

Nikic完成了铁人三项全能比赛这件事可以给人们启发，帮助人们认识到他们可以做得更多。A项"我认为他在很多方面帮助人们认识到他们可以做得更多。"引出下文，符合文意，且A项中的"do"与下文一致。故选A项。

（5）E.细节诶理解题。通过下文"this

was

just

an

amazing

example

of

where

his

ability

was

realized,even

though

he

has

a

disability.We

really

focus

on

programs

that

are

designed

for

helping

people

move

forward

and

advance.

（这是一个神奇的例子，说明他的能力是如何被实现的，尽管他身患残疾）"可知，Chris

Nikic完成了铁人三项全能比赛说明了他的能力是如何被实现的，从而推知，人们真正关注的东西是个人能力。E项"我们真正关注的是能力，而不是残疾。"引出下文，符合文意，且E项中的"ability"和"disability"与下文一致。故选E项。

本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一个患有唐氏综合症的男孩Chris

Nikic创造了奇迹，完成了铁人三项全能比赛。

技巧

①通读全文，了解文章大意；

②细读七个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系；

③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；

④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。

21.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】A【小题5】D【小题6】B【小题7】A【小题8】D【小题9】B【小题10】C【小题11】C【小题12】A【小题13】B【小题14】C【小题15】D

【解析】（1）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.explores探索；B.divides划分；C.suggests建议；D.explains解释。句意：这部小说探讨了我一直感兴趣的三个主题。根据"that

have

long

interested

me."及下文"Part

of

the

theme（9）the

idea

of

becoming

stronger

and

（10）."提示可知，这里指作者所探讨的三个主题。故选A。

（2）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.rich富有的；B.poor平穷的；C.gifted有天赋的；D.disabled残疾的。句意：我自己的孩子上的是一所天才儿童学校，所以我在那里有很多经验。根据第一个主题"Gifted

children."可知，作者的孩子在一所天才儿童学校上学。故选C。

（3）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.met遇到；B.lost失去；C.accepted接受；D.rejected拒绝。句意：在过去的几年里，我失去了几个非常亲近的人。根据第二个主题"Personal

loss."可知，作者失去了几个非常亲近的人。故选B。

（4）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.Additionally另外；B.Definitely肯定地；C.Absolutely绝对地；D.Eventually最终。句意：此外，我参加了一个文化交流项目，参加了一个去古巴的团体旅行，一个旅伴收养了两个比我大的孩子。根据"And

I

have

several

dear

friends

who

were

themselves

adopted

as

infants（婴儿），and

severa