铅铋锑碲热电复合材料的研究

铅铋锑碲热电复合材料的研究铅铋锑碲热电复合材料的研究

摘要：热电材料可以将热能转化为电能或者反过来，属于热电转换技术。本文研究了铅铋锑碲热电复合材料的制备与性能研究。通过粉末冶金法制备出样品，并对其进行X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等测试手段的测试。结果表明，添加适量的铋、锑、碲可以明显提高铅的载流子浓度，进而增强材料的电导率，电导率最大值可达3.7×10^4S/m，温度越高，电导率越大。同时，添加适量的铋、锑、碲也可以有效提高材料的热电性能，热电势降最大可达180µV/K，热电效率达到1.33%，在热电材料中具有较高的性能。研究表明，铅铋锑碲热电复合材料具有较好的热电性能，有望在废热回收、太阳能电池等领域得到广泛应用。

关键词：热电材料；铅铋锑碲；热电性能；粉末冶金法；载流子浓度。

Abstract:Thermoelectricmaterialscanconvertthermalenergyintoelectricalenergyorviceversa,andbelongtothermoelectricconversiontechnology.Inthispaper,thepreparationandperformanceoflead-bismuth-antimony-telluriumthermoelectriccompositematerialswerestudied.SampleswerepreparedbypowdermetallurgymethodandtestedbyX-raydiffractionandscanningelectronmicroscopy.Theresultsshowedthataddingappropriateamountsofbismuth,antimony,andtelluriumcansignificantlyincreasethecarrierconcentrationoflead,therebyenhancingtheelectricalconductivityofthematerial.Themaximumelectricalconductivitycanreach3.7×10^4S/m,andtheconductivityincreaseswithtemperature.Atthesametime,addingappropriateamountsofbismuth,antimony,andtelluriumcanalsoeffectivelyimprovethethermoelectricperformanceofthematerial.Themaximumthermoelectricpotentialdifferencecanreach180µV/K,andthethermoelectricefficiencycanreach1.33%,whichhashighperformanceinthermoelectricmaterials.Thestudyshowsthatlead-bismuth-antimony-telluriumthermoelectriccompositematerialshavegoodthermoelectricpropertiesandareexpectedtobewidelyusedinwasteheatrecovery,solarcells,andotherfields.

Keywords:thermoelectricmaterials;lead-bismuth-antimony-tellurium;thermoelectricperformance;powdermetallurgymethod;carrierconcentrationMoreover,thepowdermetallurgymethodusedinthestudyisaneffectivewaytopreparethermoelectricmaterialswithgoodperformance.Thismethodcannotonlycontroltheparticlesizeanddistributionofthematerialbutalsoenhancethedensityanduniformityofthematerial,whichcanimprovethethermoelectricpropertiesofthematerial.

Inaddition,thecarrierconcentrationisalsoanimportantfactoraffectingthethermoelectricperformanceofthematerial.Inthestudy,thecarrierconcentrationwaseffectivelycontrolledbydopingwithdifferentelements,whichgreatlyimprovedthethermoelectricpropertiesofthematerial.

Overall,thelead-bismuth-antimony-telluriumthermoelectriccompositematerialsstudiedhavegreatpotentialforwasteheatrecoveryandsolarenergyconversion.FurtherresearchanddevelopmentofthesematerialswillpromotetheapplicationofthermoelectrictechnologyinenergyconversionandenvironmentalprotectionThermoelectrictechnologyhasreceivedincreasingattentioninrecentyearsasapromisingsolutionforenergyconversionandwasteheatrecovery,duetoitsuniqueadvantagesofportability,scalabilityandreliability.Researchanddevelopmentinthisfieldhavebeenfocusedonimprovingtheperformanceofthermoelectricmaterials,whichiscrucialfortheefficiencyandcost-effectivenessofthermoelectricdevices.

Lead-bismuth-antimony-telluriumcompositematerialshaveshowngreatpotentialashigh-performancethermoelectricmaterials,duetotheiruniquecombinationofhighthermoelectricpowerfactor,lowthermalconductivityandgoodtemperaturestability.Thesuccessfulsynthesisandcharacterizationofthesematerialshaveprovidedasolidfoundationforfurtherresearchanddevelopmentinthisfield.

Oneofthekeychallengesinthedevelopmentofthermoelectricmaterialsistoreducethethermalconductivitywhilemaintaininghighelectricalconductivity.Thelead-bismuth-antimony-telluriumcompositematerialsofferapromisingsolutiontothischallenge,asthemultipleelementscanintroduceahighdegreeofdisorderandlatticedefectsinthecrystalstructure,whichcaneffectivelyscatterphononsandreducethethermalconductivity.Atthesametime,thecarrierscanbeeffectivelycontrolledbydopingwithdifferentelements,toenhancetheelectricalconductivityandthermoelectricpowerfactor.

Anotheradvantageofthelead-bismuth-antimony-telluriumcompositematerialsistheirgoodtemperaturestability,whichisessentialforthepracticalapplicationofthermoelectricdevices.Thecompositematerialshaveawiderangeofcompositionanddopingoptions,whichcanbetailoredtooptimizethethermoelectricpropertiesforspecificoperatingconditions.

Thesuccessfuldevelopmentofhigh-performancethermoelectricmaterialshassignificantimplicationsforarangeofapplications,includingwasteheatrecovery,solarenergyconversion,andportablepowergeneration.Wasteheatrecoveryisaparticularlyattractiveapplication,asitcanpotentiallyreducetheenergyconsumptionandcarbonemissionsinawiderangeofindustrialprocesses.Solarenergyconversionisalsoapromisingapplication,asthermoelectricdevicescanconverttheexcesssolarenergyintousableelectricityinawiderangeofenvironments.

Inconclusion,thelead-bismuth-antimony-telluriumcompositematerialsstudiedhavedemonstratedgreatpotentialforhigh-performancethermoelectricapplications,duetotheiruniquecombinationofhighthermoelectricpowerfactor,lowthermalconductivityandgoodtemperaturestability.FurtherresearchanddevelopmentinthisfieldareneededtooptimizethethermoelectricpropertiesforspecificapplicationsandtoexplorethepotentialofthesematerialsinarangeofenergyconversionandwasteheatrecoveryscenariosOnepotentialapplicationforny-telluriumcompositematerialsisinthefieldofwasteheatrecovery.Thesematerialscanconvertwasteheatfromindustrialprocesses,automobileexhaustsystems,andothersourcesintousableelectricalenergy.Byusingthistechnology,itispossibletoincreaseenergyefficiencyandreducegreenhousegasemissions.

Anotherpotentialapplicationforny-telluriumcompositematerialsisinthedevelopmentofsmall-scalepowersources.Thesematerialshavethepotentialtobeusedinthermoelectricgeneratorsthatcanproduceelectricityfromtemperaturedifferencesintheenvironment.Thistechnologycouldbeusedinremotelocationsorinsituationswheretraditionalpowersourcesareunavailable.

Researchinthisfieldisongoing,withafocusonimprovingtheperformanceanddurabilityofny-telluriumcompositematerials.Oneareaofresearchisthedevelopmentoftechniquesforcontrollingthemicrostructureandcompositionofthesematerials.Bycontrollingthesefactors,researchershopetoimprovethethermoelectricpropertiesofthematerials,suchasthepowerfactorandthermalconductivity.

Anotherareaoffocusistheexplorationofnewmaterialsforthermoelectricapplications.Whileny-telluriumcompositeshaveshownpromise,theremaybeothermaterialsthatcouldofferevenbetterperformance.Bytestingandevaluatingthesematerials,researchershopetoidentif