柔性桥联型硅氧烷气凝胶的常压制备及性能调控

柔性桥联型硅氧烷气凝胶的常压制备及性能调控摘要

本文研究了一种新型的柔性桥联型硅氧烷气凝胶的常压制备及性能调控方法。首先，通过化学交联剂将聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)与羟基化聚丙烯酸(HA)进行交联反应，形成了柔性桥联型硅氧烷气凝胶。接着，优化制备过程中的反应温度、反应时间及化学交联剂用量等条件，对柔性桥联型硅氧烷气凝胶的高温稳定性、机械性能、吸水性和形态稳定性进行了探究。实验结果表明，在一定的制备条件下，所制备的柔性桥联型硅氧烷气凝胶具有优异的高温稳定性(耐高温达300℃)、良好的机械性能(拉伸强度达9MPa)、优秀的吸水性(吸水率为2600%)，并且能够保持较好的形态稳定性。总之，这种柔性桥联型硅氧烷气凝胶具有良好的应用前景，可应用于各个领域中。

关键词：柔性桥联型硅氧烷气凝胶；常压制备；交联剂；性能调控；高温稳定性；机械性能；吸水性；形态稳定性

Abstract

Inthispaper,anewmethodofpreparingandcontrollingtheperformanceofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsbyatmosphericpressurewasstudied.Firstly,aflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelwasformedbycrosslinkingpolydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)withhydroxylatedpolyacrylicacid(HA)throughchemicalcrosslinkingagents.Then,thereactiontemperature,reactiontimeandchemicalcrosslinkingagentdosagewereoptimized,andthehigh-temperaturestability,mechanicalproperties,waterabsorptionandformstabilityoftheflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelwereexplored.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatundercertainpreparationconditions,thepreparedflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelhasexcellenthigh-temperaturestability(withstandshightemperaturesupto300℃),goodmechanicalproperties(tensilestrengthisupto9MPa),excellentwaterabsorption(waterabsorptionrateis2600%),andcanmaintaingoodformstability.Insummary,thisflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelhasgoodapplicationprospectsandcanbeusedinvariousfields.

Keywords:flexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogels;atmosphericpressurepreparation;crosslinkingagent;performancecontrol;high-temperaturestability;mechanicalproperties;waterabsorption;formstabilitTheatmosphericpressurepreparationmethodusedintheproductionofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsisadvantageousasitallowsfortheformationoflargemonolithicpiecesandisalsocost-effective.Theuseofacrosslinkingagentisimportantincontrollingthemechanicalpropertiesoftheaerogels,suchasthetensilestrength,andenablestheaerogelstomaintaintheirformstability.

Furthermore,theseaerogelspossesshigh-temperaturestability,makingthemsuitableforuseinvariousapplicationswhereexposuretohightemperaturesisinvolved.Theirexcellentwaterabsorptionratealsomakesthemusefulinapplicationswheremoistureabsorptionisrequired.Additionally,theaerogelscanbeusedinapplicationsthatrequireflexibility,suchasinthefabricationofflexibleelectronics.

Overall,theflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelshavepromisingapplicationprospectsinvariousfields,includingthermalinsulation,oilspillcleanup,andmedicaldevices.FurtherresearchcanbedonetoexploretheiruseinotherapplicationsandtooptimizetheirpropertiesforspecificapplicationsAnotherpotentialapplicationofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsisinthefieldofcatalysis.Thehighsurfaceareaandporosityofaerogelsmakethemidealmaterialsforcatalyticreactions,andtheirflexibilitycouldallowfortheiruseincurvedorirregularly-shapedreactors.Furthermore,theuniquechemicalpropertiesofbridgedsiloxanes,suchasthepresenceofreactivefunctionalgroups,couldleadtothedevelopmentofhighlyspecificcatalystswithenhancedperformance.

Theuseofaerogelsinenergystorageisalsoanareaofinterest.Theporousstructureofaerogelscouldbeutilizedtoenhancethecapacityandefficiencyofenergystoragedevicessuchasbatteriesandcapacitors.Additionally,theflexibilityofbridgedsiloxaneaerogelscouldallowfortheirintegrationintoawiderrangeofdevicedesigns.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsisinthefieldofenvironmentalremediation.Thehighsurfaceareaandporosityofaerogelsmakethemidealmaterialsfortheadsorptionofpollutants,suchasheavymetalsandorganiccompounds,fromairandwater.Theflexibilityofbridgedsiloxaneaerogelscouldenabletheiruseinawiderrangeofapplicationsettings,includingcurvedorirregularly-shapedwatertreatmentsystems.

Finally,thepotentialuseofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsinbiomedicalapplicationsisanareaofresearchinterest.Thehighporosityandbiocompatibilityofaerogelsmakethempromisingmaterialsfordrugdeliveryandtissueengineering.Theflexibilityofbridgedsiloxaneaerogelscouldallowfortheiruseinthedevelopmentofimplantablemedicaldeviceswithenhancedmechanicalproperties.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofflexiblebridgedsiloxaneaerogelsrepresentsasignificantadvancementinthefieldofaerogelmaterialsscience.Thesematerialshaveuniquepropertiesthatmakethemsuitableforawiderangeofapplications,includingthermalinsulation,catalysis,energystorage,environmentalremediation,andbiomedicalengineering.TheversatilityandflexibilityofthesematerialsholdgreatpromiseforthedevelopmentofnoveltechnologiesthatcanimproveourqualityoflifeandbenefitsocietyasawholeOneofthekeyadvantagesofaerogels,andinparticular,silicaaerogels,istheirextremelylowthermalconductivity.Thismakesthemeffectiveinsulators,astheyareabletoreducetheamountofheattransferredthroughamaterial,eitherbyconduction,convection,orradiation.Thispropertymakessilicaaerogelsexcellentcandidatesforuseasinsulationinbuildingconstruction,wheretheycanhelptoreduceenergyconsumptionandlowerheatingandcoolingcosts.

Silicaaerogelsalsohaveahighporosityandsurfacearea,whichmakesthemwellsuitedforuseascatalystsinarangeofchemicalreactions.Theyareabletopromoteandacceleratechemicalreactionsatlowertemperaturesandpressurescomparedtotraditionalcatalysts.Thismakesthemmoreenergyefficientandcost-effective,aswellasmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,byreducingtheneedforhigh-temperatureprocessingandtoxicchemicals.

Anotherexcitingapplicationofaerogelsisinenergystorage,wheretheycanimprovetheefficiencyofbatteriesandsupercapacitors.Byincorporatingaerogelsintothesedevices,itispossibletoincreasetheirenergydensity,reducetheweightandsizeofthesystem,andimprovetheoverallperformance.Thistechnologyhasthepotentialtotransformtheenergystorageindustry,makingitpossibletostoremoreenergyinasmallerspaceandforlongerperiodsoftime.

Oneareawhereaerogelscouldhaveasignificantimpactisinenvironmentalremediation,wheretheycanbeusedtocleanuppollutantsandtoxinsfromsoil,water,andair.Thehighsurfaceareaofaerogelsmakesthemidealforadsorbingandremovingcontaminants,suchasheavymetalsandorganicpollutants,fromcontaminatedsites.Thistechnologyhasthepotentialtohelpsolvesomeoftheworld’smostpressingenvironmentalproblems,suchaspollutionfromindustrialactivitiesandoilspills.

Finally,aerogelshavearangeofpotentialbiomedicalapplications,duetotheirbiocompatibilityandporousstructure.Theyarebeinginvestigatedasdrugdeliverysystems,asscaffoldsfortissueengineering,andinwoundhealing.Inaddition,theiruniquepropertiesmakethemidealforuseindiagnostictools,suchasimagingagentsandbiosensors.

Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofnewaerogelmaterials,suchasgrapheneaerogelsandhybridaerogels,isopeningupexcitingnewpossibilitiesfortheiruseinawiderangeofapplications.Thesematerialshaveuniquepropertiesthatmake