教育术语汇编

教育术语汇编爱国主义教育educationinpatriotism班长monitor班级class办学效益efficiencyinschoolmanagement半工半读学校part-workandpart-studyschool半文盲semiliterate：functionalilliterate必修课required／compulsorycourse毕业鉴定graduationappraisal毕业生分配assignmentofgraduates毕业实习graduationfieldwork毕业证书certificateofgraduation边缘知识人marginalintellectual秉承父业tofollowinher／hisfather’sfootstep博导tutorofaPh．D．student：doctoraladvisor博士后postdoctorate博士后科研流动站centerforpost-doctoralstudy博学谦逊copiouslearningcombinedwithdeephumility博学者amanofextensivelearning补考make-upAspecialexaminationforastudentwhohasbeenabsentfromorhasfailedapreviousexamination.未经入学考试的学生non-matriculatedstudent；未注册而入学的学生non-degreestudent不拿学位的学生matriculateataninstitutionofhigherlearning在某高等学校注册入学Threeyearslaterhematriculatedforadvancestudy.三年后他入大学深造。不学无术ignorant；learnnotandknownot成绩单schoolreport；reportcard；transcript成人教育adulteducation成人夜校nightschoolforadults成人中等专科学校secondaryspecializedschool；technicalschoolforadults充电toupdateone’sknowledge；tobrushup初等教育primaryeducation辍学青年youngpeoplewithuncompletedschooling答辩考试competitiveexamination大学二年级／高中一年级学生sophomore大学三年级／高中二年级学生junior大学四年级／高中三年级学生senior大学一年级学生freshman大专生juniorcollegestudent大专文凭associatedegree；juniorcollegediploma美国大学修满二年课程之肄业证书generalequivalencydiploma普通同等学历证书HigherNationalD-[英]国家高级学位证书OrdinaryNationalD-国家正式毕业证书universitydiploma大学毕业证书diplomainreadingdevelopment[英](开放大学发给非正式学生的)学业进步证书diplomaofgraduating毕业证书代课教师probationteacher党支部书记Partybranchsecretary导师academicadviser；tutor德智体美劳全面发展all-arounddevelopmentofmoral，intellectual，physical，aestheticsandlaboreducation低年级学生lowergradepupil／student；pupil／studentinjuniorgrade定向培训trainingforspecificpost定向招生studentsareadmittedtobetrainedforpre-determinedemployer短训班short-termtrainingcourse非全日制教育part-timeeducation非正规教育non-formaleducation分数marks／grades／scores辅导员(政治辅导员)assistantforpoliticalandideologicalwork附(属)中(学)attachedmiddleschool副班长vice-monitor副教授associateprofessor副校长deputyheadmaster,deputyhead副校长vice—presidentAsecondaryareaofspecializedacademicstudy,requiringfewercoursesorcreditsthanamajor.辅修专业：学术研究的第二个特定领域，其要求的课程和学分比主修课要少Onestudyinginasecondaryareaofspecialization:辅修学生：学习第二专业的学生：SheisaChemistryminor.她是化学专业的辅修学生副院长assistantdean高等教育highereducation高等教育自学考试self-studyhighereducationexamination高分低能highscoreandlowability高考(university)entranceexamination个别辅导personalsupport／tutorship工商管理硕士MBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration)工学博士Eng．D(DoctorofEngineering)公费生government-sponsoredstudent公民教育civileducation广播电视大学radioandtelevisionuniversity国际英文水平测试IELTS(InternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystem)国家普通话水平考试nationalproficiencytestofPutonghua国家指定考试government-mandatedtest国家助学金statestipend／subsidy函授大学correspondenceuniversity函授教育correspondenceeducation函授课程postallesson汉学Chineselearning：Sinology合作教育cooperativeeducation核心课程，基础课程corecurriculumcurriculumschedule课程表后劲足wellsupportedbysustainablebackup基础课basiccourse集体主义教育educationincollectivism计算机辅助教CAI(Computer-AssistedInstruction)计算机能力考试computer-adaptivetesting纪律discipline技工学校skilledworkers(training)school寄宿生boarder家庭教师tutor尖子thebestofitskind；topstudent教导所trainingcentre教导处教导主任deanofstudents教龄ofschoolage教书育人toeducatethepersonaswellasimpartbookknowledge；toimpartknowledgeandeducatepeople教学、科研、生产的“三结合”“3-in-1combination”involvingteaching，research，andproduction教学大纲teachingprogram；syllabus教学方法pedagogy／teachingmethod教育学；教学法（亦作：pedagogics）教学内容contentsofcourse教研室／组teachingandresearchsection／group教育程度／背景educationalbackground教育方针guideline／guidingprincipleforeducation教育工作者(总称)teachingstaff教育界educationalcircle教育学院college／instituteofeducation教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来Educationshouldbeaimedatmodernizationdrive，theworldandthefuture．教员休息室staffroom：commonroomAfacultyloungeinacollegeoruniversity.交谊厅，休息室：在学院或大学的教员休息室阶梯教室lecturetheatre：terraceclassroom结业证书certificateofcompletion借读生transientstudent进修班classforfurtherstudy：classforadvancedstudy进修教育continuingeducation进修课程refreshercourse九年义务教育nine-yearcompulsoryeducation开卷考试openbookexam考试紧张者examjitter考研totakepartintheentranceexamforpostgraduateschool考研热crazeforpostgraduateschool科教兴国torelyonscienceandeducationtorejuvenatethenation科教兴国战略strategyofrevitalizing(invigorating)Chinathroughscienceandeducation；thestrategyofdevelopingthecountrybyrelyingonscienceandeducation客座教授guestprofessor；visitingprofessor课程表timetable课外辅导instructionafterclass／school课外活动extracurricularactivities课外阅读outsidereading课间，休息playtime，break口试，笔试oralexamination，writtenexamination劳动委员commissaryinchargeofphysicallabour理工科大学college／universityofscienceandengineering理学博士DS(DoctorofScience)理学士BS(BachelorofScience)理学硕士MS(MasterofScience)领取助学金的学生agrant-aidedstudent留级torepeattheyear’swork；tostaydown；tofailtogouptothenextgrade留级生repeater留校察看academicprobation留学咨询consultingonthestudyabroad录取分数线enrollmentmarks录取通知书aletterofadmission美术学院academyoffinearts门房，学校工友beadle，porter免费教育freeeducation民办学校schoolrunbythelocalpeople名牌私立大学eliteprivateuniversity模拟测试mocktest：simulatedexam年级grade旁听生auditor培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力tocultivatetheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveconcreteproblemsindependently培养跨世纪人才tobringup(foster)cross-century(trans-century)specialists培养学生自学能力tohelpdeveloptheabilityofthestudentstothinkthingoutforthemselves片面追求升学率toplaceundueemphasisontheproportionofstudentsenteringschoolsofahigherlevel评分制度gradingsystem普及教育universaleducation普通高等教育regularhighereducation启发式教学heuristiceducation强化班intensivetrainingclass勤工俭学part-workandpart-studysystem：work-studyprogram全额奖学金fullscholarship全国公共英语等级考试PETS(PublicEnglishTestSystem)全面实施素质教育tocarryonthequality-orientededucationintheround荣誉教授emeritusprofessor三好学生meritstudent；modelstudent三学期制trimestersystem扫盲toeliminateilliteracy扫盲班literacyclass尚未取得学位的大学生undergraduate少数民族学校minorityschool社会活动socialactivities社会力量办学runningofschoolbyNon-governmentalsector升学togotoaschoolofahighergrade；toenterahigherschool升学率proportionofstudentsenteringschoolofahighergrade失学青少年schooldropout师范大学normal(teachers’)university师范学校normalschool(uppersecondarylevel)师范专科学校normalspecialisedpostsecondarycollege实例化教学casestudyteaching实验员laboratoryassistant，labassistant试读conditionaladmission适龄儿童入学率enrolmentrateforchildrenofschoolage授予某人学位toconferadegreeonsb．双学士制doubleB．A．degreesystem硕博联读acontinuousacademicprojectthatinvolvespostgraduateanddoctoralstudy私立学校privateschool素质教育educationforall-arounddevelopment；逃学，旷课toplaytruant，toplayhooky体育活动physicalactivities体育教师gamesmaster，gymteacher／instructor体育委员commissaryinchargeofsports填鸭式教学cramming／forced-feedingmethodofteaching同等学力tohavethesameeducationallevel(astheregulargraduateorstudentofcertainacademicqualification)同等学力申请硕士学位统考generalexaminationforapplicantwitheducationbackgroundequivalenttocollegegraduateformaster’sdegree团支部书记Leaguebranchsecretary托福考试TOEFL(TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage)脱产培训0ff-jobtraining文科硕士M．A．／MA(MasterofArts)文学士B．A．／BA(BachelorofArts)文娱委员commissaryinchargeofentertainment五分制the5-grademarkingsystem系主任departmentchairman；chairperson；dean现代远程教育moderndistanceeducation小学校长(美)master校长president校服schooluniform校外学习off-campusstudy校训schoolmotto校友schoolfellow；alumna(female)；alumnus(male)新生frog-green宣传委员commissaryinchargeofpublicity选修课elective／optionalcourse学分credithour学历教育educationwithrecordofformalschooling学年school／academicyear学生处students’affairsdivision学生会students’union／association学生减负toreducestudyload；toalleviatetheburdenonstudents学生领袖，校园风云人物bigmanoncampus学生宿舍residencehall；dormitory学时classhour；classperiod学术活动academicactivities学习成绩academicrecord；schoolrecord学习委员commissaryinchargeofstudies雅思考试IELTS(InternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystem)延伸学习extensionstudy研究生graduatestudent；post-graduate(student)研究生入学考试(美)GRE(GraduateRecordExamination)研究员researchfellow业余艺术／体育学校amateurart／athleticschool业余职工大学spare-timecollegeforstaffandworker肄业证书certificateofcompletion／incompletion因材施教toteachstudentsaccordingtotheiraptitude应届毕业生thisyear’sgraduate应试教育examination-orientededucation；exam-orientededucation用功的学生swotbookwormOnewhospendsmuchtimereadingorstudying.极爱读书者：一个把很多时间花在读书和学习上的人优化教师队伍tooptimizetheteachingstaff予以注册toenroll，toenroll娱乐活动recreationalactivities预付学费advancetuitionfee预试prelim；preliminarytest院长dean在职博士生on-jobdoctorate在职培训、进修on-the-job/in-servicetraining择优录取tohirethebestexaminee／candidate／applicant招生就业指导办公室enrolmentandvocationguidanceoffice哲学博士Ph．D．(DoctorofPhilosophy)政府特殊津贴获得者winnerofspecialgovernmentallowance执法人员lawenforcementofficial；law-executor；lawenforcer职称professionaltitle：thetitleofatechnicalpost职位供求比率jobopening-to-applicationratio职务津贴dutyallowance职业病occupational／industrialdisease职业大学vocationaluniversity职业道德professionalethics职业妇女workingwoman；careerwoman职业高中vocationalhighschool职业技术教育vocationalandtechnicaleducation职业介绍所employmentagency／exchange职业指导人vocationalleader职业资格证书制度professionalqualificationcertificatesystem智商IQ(IntelligenceQuotient)中等技术学校secondarytechnicalschool；technicalsecondaryschool中等教育secondaryeducation中上层人士middle—andupper-classpeople中小学女校长headmistress中小学校长headmaster中学校长(美)principal；(英)headmaster中专生secondaryspecializedortechnicalschoolstudent终身雇佣制lifelongemploymentsystem终身职务制lifelongtenure重点大学keyuniversity主副修制asystemofamajorfieldofspecializationplusaminorfield主修major助教teachingassistant助理研究员researchassistant助学行动activitytoassisttheimpoverishedstudents注册会计师certifiedaccountant专门人才professionalpersonnel：specialtalents专业课specializedcourse专业人才外流outflowoftrainedpersonnel转系toswitchmajor准博士ABD(AllButDissertation)准理学士A．S．(AssociateinSciencedegree)准文学士A．A．(AssociateinArtsdegree)自费留学togotostudyabroadatone’sownexpense自费生commoner自我推销者self-promoter自愿退职voluntaryretirement综合素质comprehensivequality总经理负责制generalmanagerresponsibilitysystem走读生extern；daystudent；non-residentstudent组织能力organizationalcapability组织委员commissaryinchargeoforganization最低工资保障制度minimumwageguaranteesystem尊师重教toshowrespecttoteachersandattachgreatimportancetoeducation语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类partofspeech单词word实词notionalword虚词structuralword名词noun专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountablenoun抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun个体名词individualnoun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词mainverb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb助动词auxiliaryverb情态动词modalverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb短语动词phrasalverb限定动词finiteverb非限定动词infiniteverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverbofmanner程度副词adverbofdegree时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronoun物主代词possessivepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun冠词article定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform限定动词finiteverbform非限定动词non-finiteverbform原形baseform从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion附加疑问句tagquestion反义疑问句disjunctivequestion修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感叹句exclamatorysentence基本句型basicsentencepatern句子成分membersofsentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject复合宾语complexobject同源宾语cognateobject补语complement主补subjectcomplement宾补objectcomplement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform规则