实验动物的解剖

实验动物的解剖第1页/共26页NecropsyNotasimpledissectionlikeanatomyclassEPL第2页/共26页ObjectivesTogathermaximuminformationThecritical

linkbetweenin-lifeandpathologyphaseofastudyOtherProcedures:TerminalBloodUrineBoneMarrowSmearsSamplesforchemicalorotheranalysisEPL第3页/共26页GrossLesionDescriptionDescribeeachapparentabnormalitywithoutattemptingadiagnosisEPL第4页/共26页DescriptionCriteria“Thewhitish-gray,cauliflower-liketumorwasabouttheconsistencyofacolddishofovercookedpasta.”EPL第5页/共26页DescriptionCriteriaLocation–General&SpecificNumberSizeColorConsistencyDistributionSpecialCharacteristicsEPL第6页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologyEPLCutaneousSubcutaneousPeritonealAbdominalThoracicCranialSacralLumbarCervicalAxillaryInguinalLocation-General第7页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologyEPLLocation-SpecificVentralDorsalLateralMedialDistalProximalDeepHilusWallLumenMucosaSuperficialSerosaCortexMedullaParenchymaPeripheralMargin/EdgeAnteriorPosteriorRightLeftCranialCaudal第8页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologyEPLSingleTwoFourGreaterthanfiveMultipleThreeFiveNumberMassesshouldbenumberedtoidentifyand/orcorrelatewithin-lifeobservations.第9页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologySmallEnlargedIncreasedinsizeDecreasedinsizeEPLSize第10页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologyExactMeasurementsMetric(millimetersorcentimeters)Massesarein3-D(height,widthanddepth)EPLSize第11页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologyColorStraightforwardThinkprimarycolors–notmauveorperiwinkle“Thegreenish-yellowishpea-shapedlump”shouldread“yellownodulemeasuring4x4x4mm.”EPL第12页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologyEPLColorBlackBlueBrownClearCloudyDarkGreenGreyMottledOpaquePalePinkPurpleRedTanTransparentTranslucentWhiteYellow第13页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologyEPLConsistencyBrittleCaseousFibrinousFirmFriableFluctuantGelatinousGranularGreasyGrittyHardMucoidOilyRoughRubberyScalySoftThinViscousWatery第14页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologyEPLFocalMultifocalDiffusePatchyBilateralSymmetricalConfluentUnilateralAllLobesRandomDistribution第15页/共26页DescriptiveTerminologyEPLCharacteristicsAreaAdhesionCircumscribedDepressedDistendedFlatIrregularLayeredLinearLobulatedMaculeMassNoduleOvalPapillaryPapulePedunculatedPerforatedPittedPlaquePolypoidProminentUmbilicatedRaisedRoundSpherical第16页/共26页Thyroid–Unilateral,single,white,firm,mass,0.9x0.5x0.5cmEPL第17页/共26页Testes–Bilateral,multiple,firm,tan,masses,0.2to0.5cmindiameterEPL第18页/共26页EPL?第19页/共26页OrganWeightsAbsolutevaluesAllowsafaircomparisonbetweenlargeandsmallanimals(%ofbodyweight)Pathologistcanusethisinfotocorrelateacompound-relatedincreaseinapathologicchangeEPL第20页/共26页TissueRetentionGatheringInformationRemovalOrder

LessimportantGenerallydependentofstudytypeDecidepriortonecropsyCreateaconsistent“style”forremovalProperFixativeEPL第21页/共26页Fixatives10%NeutralBufferedFormalinGenerallyusedSimpletoobtainand/orprepare“LessToxic”thanmostTissuestorageindefiniteRelativelypoorfixativeEPL第22页/共26页FixativesBouin’sSolutionGenerallyusedfortestesorfetaltissue-enhancesnuclearstainingContainsPicricAcid-explosiveanddisposalisdifficultRequiresoptimaltiming,thenchangeto70%alcoholLongtermstoragelimitedEPL第23页/共26页FixativesDavidson’sFixativeExcellentforeyesandretina-enhancesnuclearstainingKeepsretinaintactRequiresoptimaltiming,thenchangeto70%alcoholLongtermstoragelimitedEPL第24页/共26页TissuePreservationFixative-to-tissuera