人教版新高考英语一轮复习　Science and Scientists 科学与科学家

1、主题群四科学与技术主题 3Science and Scientists 科学与科学家 英 语2022高中总复习优化设计GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内容索引 主题词汇 主题语篇 主题写作主题词汇词汇认知项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇名词(n.)infectionproofhouseholdsuspectblamehandleinterventionlinkdecreasestatisticmicroscopethinkingproteincellvirusfindingframeworksolidshadowrainbowconcreteassistan

2、tmissileleadershipconceptastronomertelescopefaultshiftcholeradiarrhoeadehydrationgermpumpepidemiologyvaccineplasmaaerospaceaviationjettraceastronomycompassbatterystuffdesireinstancechemistbiologistoriginspeciesstreamradiumtheorycuredeclarationexperimentlightningfictionmetalflashgravityaccountproofpr

3、ocedure项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇动词(v.)subscribesuspectblamehandlelinkdecreasetransformcastpourdefendshiftinfecttraceshootinjuredraftattachconduct形容词(adj.)severecontradictorymultiplepuresubstantialinitialsolidconcretemechanicoutstandinggiftedabstractbrilliantvividfrustratedpatrioticmechanicalsteadyvirtualflexi

4、blecapablepassivesignificantaccurateminorextraordinarybrilliantmental项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇介词(prep.)besidesbeyond副词(adv.)besidesfurthermoreentirely短语(phr.)once and for allin generalsubscribe towater pumpthanks tounder ones leadershiptrace back tomake a mistakepoint outin charge ofcome down above allvirtual

5、 realitywearable techin additionnever say nevernatural selectionfield research词汇拓展1.severe adj.极为恶劣的; 十分严重的;严厉的 adv.严重地; 严厉地2.frustrated adj.懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的 vt.使沮丧; 挫败 adj.令人懊恼的 n.懊恼; 沮丧3.infection n. 感染; 传染 vt.使感染; 传染 adj.带菌的; 感染病菌的4.subscribe vi.认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期交纳(会费) n. 订购; 认购5.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;

6、疑有; 不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象 n.怀疑 adj.可疑的severely frustrate frustrating frustration infect infected subscription suspicion suspicious 6.pure adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的 n. 纯洁; 纯净; 纯粹 adj.不纯的; 有杂质的7.transform vt.使改观; 使改变形态vi. 改变; 转变 n.改观; 改革8.initial adj.最初的; 开始的; 第一的 adv.最初; 起初9.defend vt.保卫; 防守; 辩解 n.防御10.assistant n

7、.助理; 助手 n. 帮助; 援助 vt.帮助; 援助11.leadership n.领导; 领导地位; 领导才能 n.领袖12.gifted adj.有天赋的; 有天才的; 天资聪慧的 n. 天才; 天赋13.fault n.弱点; 过错 adj.有缺陷的; 不完美的purity impure transformation initially defence assistance assist leader gift faulty 词汇应用用适当的单词或短语填空1.This illness causes (严重的) diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death

8、.2.(大体上), doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. 3.Another was that cholera was caused by an (感染) from germs in food or water. 4.Snow(赞成) the second theory. severe In general infection subscribed to 5.There were(数量多的) deaths near the water pump in Broad S

9、treet (especially house numbers 16,37,38, and 40).6.Through this(干预), the disease was stopped in its tracks.7.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank (纯净的) or boiled water.8.Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, a

10、nd the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial (下降). 9.Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow (改变) the way scientists study diseases.multiple intervention pure decrease transformed 10.Under Qians (领导), China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of

11、 Long March rockets.11.However, what might have made him such an (杰出的) and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.12.Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and (有天赋的) scientists in physics.13.Since he came down with a disease that caused hi

12、m to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of (抽象的) thought. leadership outstanding gifted abstract 主题语篇考点浅析1.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。【提炼】sb/sth be to blame【浅析】sb/sth be to blame 是固定句式, 意为 “某人/某物该受责备; 某人/某物该承担责任”, 该句式用主动形式表示被动含义。表达 “因某事责备某人”

13、用短语: blame sb for sth或blame sth on sb。【仿写】(1)这次事故的责任在出租车司机。(2)你不该怪他打碎了花瓶。The taxi driver was to blame for the traffic accident.You shouldnt blame him for breaking the vase.2.Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了

14、。【提炼】比较级表示最高级的含义【浅析】英语中常用比较级表示最高级的含义, 意为“没有比更的了”。【仿写】(1)你找不到一位比她更合适的保姆了。(2)世界上没有哪一个人比你的父母更关心你了。You can not find a more suitable babysitter than her.No other person cares more about you than your parents in the world.3.Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.然而

15、钱学森并不气馁, 而是接受挑战。【提炼】discourage sb from doing sth【浅析】discourage sb from doing sth为固定搭配, 意为 “使某人没有勇气干某事”, 结构相同的短语还有disable sb from doing sth, 其意为 “使某人没有能力干某事”。它们的反义短语是: encourage sb to do sth (鼓励某人干某事)和enable sb to do sth(使某人能够干某事)。【仿写】(1) 连续的失败使他失去了继续实验的勇气。(2)流畅的英语使她在面试中脱颖而出。Repeated failures discour

16、aged him from carrying on with the experiment.Fluent English enabled her to stand out in the job interview.语篇再现Passage 1Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1. (disease) in the world until a British doctor, John Snow, showed 2. it could be overcome. diseases how 3. general, doctors in those day

17、s had two contradictory theories 4.(explain) how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by 5. infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed 6. the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. 7._(consequent), when an

18、outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe 8. more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out 9.In to explain an to Consequently that why Through Snows 10.(tire) efforts, wate

19、r companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.tireless Passage 21. Qia

20、ns leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, 2.(follow) by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China 3.(success) launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong , from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced 4

21、. to Qians research, Qian earned the name of “the father of Chinas aerospace”.Under followed successfullyback Qian read a lot and was extremely 5.(knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However, 6. might have made him such 7. outstanding and creative scientist was probably

22、his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him 8. (inspire) in his scientific research.On 31, October 2009, the whole country 9.(sadden) by Qians death, and people honoured and remembered him 10. different ways.knowledgeable what an inspi

23、ration was saddened in 主题写作写作指导该写作主题是写一写伟大科学家的必备素养(“Write about the qualities required of a great scientist”), 属于人物简介的记叙文。这类文章一般通过具体事例展示人物的伟大品质。写作中, 可适当使用同位语、非谓语动词、定语从句等为文章增彩。主题佳句1.Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.然而钱学森并不气馁, 而是接受挑战。2.Because much of the

24、 technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qians research, Qian earned the name of “the father of Chinas aerospace”.由于 “神舟” 系列火箭的大部分技术也可追溯到钱学森的研究, 因此钱学森被誉为 “中国航天之父”。3.Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. 钱学森博览全书

25、, 尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。4.However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.然而, 他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家, 可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。5.So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides being brilliant, he was

26、 brave, though sometimes careless in what he said and did.那么, 是什么使史蒂芬霍金成为一名天才呢? 除了才华横溢外, 他还是一个勇敢的人, 尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。6.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.他敢说别人不敢说的话, 做别人不敢做的梦。7.Furthermore, he was quite determined. 此外, 他意志坚定。8.Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.最重要的是, 霍金敢于承认错误。写作训练请根据下面的要点提示, 对钟南山院士做简单介绍, 写一篇80词左右的英语短文。1.钟南山院士是中国呼吸道传染预防的领袖人物;2.2003年SARS爆发时, 不顾个人安危找到治疗方案, 救死扶伤;3.2019年新冠肺炎在武汉爆发期间, 再次挺身而出, 成为中国人民的支柱。范文展示Zhong Nanshan h