大学英语教案-语法与写作u

1.Warm-upQuestions2.Listen–Retell–Discuss3.ThomasJeffersonBeforeReading_MainBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingABriefIntroductiontoThomasJeffersonJefferson’sChronologyTheDeclarationofIndependenceJeffersonandtheFrenchRevolutionBeforeReading_1.1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingWarm-upQuestions1.Doyouadmireanygreatpoliticalfiguresorstatesmenbothathomeandabroad?Whoarethey?Andwhy?BeforeReading_1.1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingZhouEnlaiwasoneofthemajorleadersoftheChineseCommunistmovement.HewasthefirstpremierofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,aposthehelduntilhisdeathin1976.HewaseducatedinJapanandEuropeandachievedhighrankintheCommunistmovementatanearlyage.Hewaswellknownasaskilledinternationalnegotiator.■BeforeReading_1.2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingTheChineserevolutionaryleaderSunYat-senhadatremendousimpactonthedevelopmentofmodernChina.SunwasthecatalystintheoverthrowofManchurule.■BeforeReading_1.2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingAsprimeministerofBritainduringWorldWarII,ChurchillrousedtheBritishtostandagainstNaziGermany.ThesightofChurchill,withhiscigarandtwofingersraisedina"Vforvictory"salute,inspiredBritonstorisetowhathecalled"theirfinesthour."■BeforeReading_2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingNapoleonBonapartewasthegreatestmilitarygeniusofthe19thcentury.HeconqueredmostofWesternEuropeandEgyptforFrance,whileinstitutingreformsinthesenewterritoriesaimedatguaranteeingcivillibertiesandimprovingthequalityoflife.HecrownedhimselfemperorofFrancein1804andintroducedreformsintendedtounifytherevolution-fracturednation.ManyofNapoleon'sreformsarestillineffecttoday.■BeforeReading_3.1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2.OftheAmericanpresidents,howmanydoyouknow?Canyourecognizethepeopleinthefollowingpicturesandsaysomethingaboutthem?BeforeReading_3.1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingGeorgeWashington(1732-1799):Commander-in-ChiefoftheContinentalArmyduringtheAmericanRevolution,statesmanandfirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates,borninWestmorelandCounty,VirginiaonFebruary22,1732.■BeforeReading_3.11BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingAbrahamLincoln(1809-1865):the16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,bornonFebruary12,1809inabackwoodscabinthreemilessouthofHodgenville,Kentucky,preservedtheUnionduringtheCivilWarandbroughtabouttheemancipationoftheslaves.■BeforeReading_3.12BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingFranklinD.Roosevelt(1882-1945):the32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates;electedfourtimes;institutedNewDealtocounterthegreatdepressionandledcountryduringWorldWarII.■BeforeReading_3.13BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBillClinton(1946-):the42ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1993-1996)andthefirstpresidentbornafterWorldWarII,electedtoasecondtermin1996.■DirtyFarmer?WhileservingasAmerica'svicepresident,ThomasJefferson,dressedindirtyworkingclothes,enteredBaltimore'sfinesthoteloneeveningandaskedforaroom.Theowner,acertainMr.Boyden,turnedhimaway.SoonthereafterBoyden,informedoftheidentityofhisdistinguishedvisitor,promptlydispatchedseveralservantstofindhimandofferasmanyroomsashisheartdesired.Jefferson,havingfoundaroominanotherhotel,sentBoyden'srepresentativeawaywiththefollowingmessage:"TellBoydenthatIvaluehisgoodintentionshighly,butifhehasnoroomforadirtyfarmer,heshallhavenoneforthevicepresident."BeforeReading_3.14BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingListen–Retell–DiscussDirections:HowmuchdoyouknowaboutThomasJefferson'spersonality?Nowlistentoashortstoryabouthimandthenretellanddiscussitinsmallgroups.■BeforeReading_3.15ABriefIntroductiontoThomasJeffersonBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThomasJefferson(1743-1826)isbestrememberedasagreatPresidentandastheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.Healsowonlastingfameasadiplomat,apoliticalthinker,andafounderoftheDemocraticParty.Jefferson'sinterestsandtalentscoveredanamazingrange.HebecameoneoftheleadingAmericanarchitectsofhistimeanddesignedtheVirginiaCapitol,theUniversityofVirginia,andhisownhome,Monticello.HegreatlyappreciatedartandmusicandtriedtoencouragetheiradvancementintheUnitedStates.Jeffersoninventedadecodingdevice,alapdesk,andanimprovedtypeofmoldboardplow.Hiscollectionofmorethan6400booksbecameamajorpartoftheLibraryofCongress.JeffersonrevisedVirginia'slawsandfoundeditsstateuniversity.HedevelopedthedecimalsystemofcoinagethatallowsAmericanstokeepaccountsindollarsandcents.■BeforeReading_3.15BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingJeffersondidnotconsiderhimselfaprofessionalpolitician.Instead,heregardedhimselfasapublic-spiritedcitizenandabroadminded,practicalthinker.Hepreferredhisfamily,hisbooks,andhisfarmstopubliclife.Buthespentmostofhiscareerinpublicofficeandmadehisgreatestcontributiontohiscountryinthefieldofpolitics.BeforeReading_3.16Jefferson'sChronologyBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingDateEventApril13,1743BornatShadwell,GoochlandCounty(nowAlbemarleCounty),Virginia.1762AttendedtheCollegeofWilliamandMary,wherehestudiedlaw.BeforeReading_3.17BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingDateEvent1769JoinedtheVirginiacoloniallegislature.1770Begantobuildamansionhomehedesigned,calledMonticello.1772Marriedawell-to-dowidow,MarthaWaylesSkelton.Theyhadsixchildren.Onlytwodaughterslivedtobeadults.BeforeReading_3.18BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingDateEvent1776AskedbytheContinentalCongressinPhiladelphiatodrafttheDeclarationofIndependence.1776—1779RepresentedthestateofVirginiaattheContinentalCongress.1779—1781ChosenasthegovernorofVirginia.1782HiswifeMarthadied.1785—1789ActedasAmericanministertoFrance.BeforeReading_3.19BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingServedasthenation'sfirstsecretaryofstateunderPresidentGeorgeWashington.DateEvent1789—1793ServedasvicePresidentunderJohnAdams.1797—1801EventEventEventBeforeReading_3.10.1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBecamethePresidentoftheUnitedStates.DateEvent1801—1809FoundedtheUniversityofVirginia.1819DateBeforeReading_3.10.2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingDiedonthe50thanniversaryoftheDeclarationofIndependence.DateEventJuly4,1826BeforeReading_3.10.3TheDeclarationofIndependenceBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingInApril1775,colonistsinMassachusettstookuparmsagainstBritishtroops.TheAmericanRevolutionhadbegun.Thefollowingyear,theContinentalCongressinPhiladelphiaaskedJeffersontowriteadocumentdeclaringAmerica'sindependencefromBritain.TheContinentalCongressapprovedJefferson'sworkwithfewchanges.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasadoptedonJuly4,1776.ThebondsthattiedthecoloniestoBritainwerebroken.JeffersonwantedthereasonsforAmerica'sindependencestatedclearlysotheworldwouldunderstand.Hewrote"allmenarecreatedequal,"withrightsto"life,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness."Governmentsarecreatedtosecurepeople'srights.Thepeoplecouldchangeagovernmentthatnolongerprotectedtheirrights.■BeforeReading_3.10.3JeffersonandtheFrenchRevolutionBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingJeffersonservedasministertoFrancefrom1785to1789whenrevolutionwasimminentinFrance.Hesympathizedwiththerevolution,feelingitwassimilarinpurposetotheAmericanRevolution.ThankstohispoliticalwritingsandhislegalreformsinVirginia,FrenchreformersregardedJeffersonasachampionofliberty.MarquisdeLafayette,whohadfoughtforAmerica’sIndependence,andotheradvocatesofdemocraticprinciplesoftensoughthisadvice.■GlobeReading_main1.PartDivisionoftheText2.QuestionsandAnswers3.FurtherUnderstandingforParts2~3BackgroundInformationforSomeKeyWordsTableCompletionBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingGlobeReading.1PartDivisionoftheTextMainIdeasLinesParts11—324—43344—62AbriefintroductiontoThomasJefferson.SomeideasandprinciplesgivenbyThomasJefferson.HistalentsinmanyfieldsandhiscontributiontoUSA.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingGlobeReading.2-part1.1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuestionsandAnswers

1.WhyisThomasJeffersonlessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln?Washingtoniswell-knownforhisleadershipintheAmericanIndependenceWar.Lincolniswell-knownforhisroleinabolishingslaveryintheUnitedStates.2.WhydoweassociatethenameofThomasJeffersonwiththeDeclarationofIndependence?HewasthewriteroftheDeclarationofIndependence.3.WhywasJeffersonchosentowritetheDeclarationofIndependence?Hewasagoodandtirelesswriterwhosecompleteworksfillmorethanfiftyvolumes.GlobeReading.2-part1.2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading4.WhatwasJefferson’sattitudetowards“peopleofhumbleorigins”?Inadaywhenfewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder,hewentoutofhiswaytotalkwithgardeners,servants,andwaiters,lookedintotheircookingpotsandatetheirbread.5.Whydidheinsistuponhavingafreepress?Afreepresscouldtellthetruth.6.WhatwasthephilosophyunderlyingJefferson’sdeterminationnevertoanswerhiscritics?Thereweretwosidestoeveryquestion.Ifonetookonesidewithdecisionandactedonitwitheffect,thosewhotooktheothersidewouldofcourseresenthisactions.Sohebelievedinconflictratherthanunquestioningagreement.7.WhydoestheauthorsaythatAmericaneducationowesagreatdebttoThomasJefferson?BecauseJeffersonbelievedthatonlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremainfree.GlobeReading.2-part2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBackgroundInformationforSomeKeyWordsTheJamesRiverisariver,about547km(340m)long,risingincentralVirginiaandflowingeastwardintotheChesapeakeBay.TheriverisnavigabletoRichmondforlargecraft.ItwasnamedafterJamesI,KingofEnglandfrom1603to1625.■GlobeReading.2-part3BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingCanoeAcanoeisarelativelysmallboat,typicallyhuman-powered,butalsocommonlysailed.Canoesarepointedatbothendsandusuallyopenontop.■GlobeReading.2-part2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingMarquisdeLafayetteMarquisdeLafayette(1757-1834)wasaFrenchgeneralandstatesman.Borntoawealthynoblefamily,hewasayoungmanwhenhesailedtoAmericatohelpintheAmericanRevolution.HealsocommandedtheNationalGuard(国民自卫军)andplayedanimportantroleintheFrenchRevolution.■GlobeReading.2-part2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingPhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaisthelargestcityofPennsylvania.Foundedin1682,PhiladelphiaisknownastheBirthplaceoftheNationbecauseofitsroleinAmerica'sstruggleforindependencefromBritain.BoththeDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesweredraftedinthecityandsignedinPhiladelphia'shistoricIndependenceHall.ThenamePhiladelphiawasderivedfromtheGreekwordsmeaning“cityofbrotherlylove."ModernPhiladelphiahasworkedhardtobecomeoneofthegreatcommercial,cultural,andeducationalcentersintheUnitedStates.■1.anexpertinagriculture,archeologyandmedicine2.agoodandtirelesswriter3.amanwhomadegreatcontributiontoAmericaneducationGlobeReading.2-part2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingTableCompletionDirections:Inthesetwoparts,thewritertellsussomethingaboutJefferson’sprinciplesandhiscontributionstoUSA.Completethefollowingtablewiththeinformationfromthetext.hisattitudetoworkinghisattitudetolearninghisopiniononjudgmenthiswayofdoingthingshisattitudetothefutureandtheyoungAttachimportancetopersonalinvestigation.Learnfromordinarypeople.Dependonone’sownjudgment.Sticktoone’sownway.Beoptimisticaboutthefutureandtheyoung.hiscontributionstoUSAArticleBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingJeffersondiedlongago,butmanyofhisideasarestillofgreatinterest.Article1_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonBruceBlivenGoandsee.

Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.Article1_WBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonBruceBlivenGoandsee.Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.Article1_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonGoandsee.

Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.Whatdoesthissentenceimply?Heisapersonofforesight.Manyofhisideasarenotoutofdate.BruceBlivenArticle1_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonGoandsee.

Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.1.Explainthegrammaticalstructureofthesentence.1)主句Jeffersonbelieved为一般过去时，而后面从句却用了一般现在时，说明叙述的内容为人们普遍接受的客观道理。

2)谓语动词的believed引导两个由that引导的宾语从句,在非正式文体中，引导第一个宾语从句的that一般可省略，第二个则不能省略，以免引起歧义。

Theboyslearnedyesterdaythattheplanetsarecirclingaboutthesun.Iunderstand(that)youhavestudiedChinese,andthatyouhavewrittenChinesepoetry.Shedenied(that)shehadseenthemanandthatshehadbeenintouchwithhim.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.杰斐逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；他认为，亲自作调查是很重要的。BruceBlivenAnExample:MoreExamples:Article1_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonGoandsee.

Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.What’sthefunctionof“while”inthissentence?Here“while”means“whereas”,introducingsth.different.JanewasdressedinbrownwhileMarywasdressedinblue.Youlikesports,whileI’dratherread.BruceBlivenMoreExamples:ThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonGoandsee.Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.Article1_W_obtain1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingobtain:vt.getthrougheffortInformationaboutvisasandpassportscanbeobtainedfromyourlocallibrary.CF:get,obtain,achieve&acquire这些动词均有“得到，获得，取得”的意思。Iobtainedthisrecordforyouwithdifficulty.你可以从当地图书馆得到有关签证和护照的信息。get

是最常用、最口语化的词。可以指以任何方式得到某物（积极主动或消极被动），并不强调通过预先的或主观的努力，与具体名词和抽象名词均可搭配。obtain为正式用语，指经过长时间的努力或有计划的行动而得到所希望得到的东西或达到预定的目标。achieve

表示克服困难之后取得成功或实现预期目标。acquire

指经过一定努力或一定过程，使原有的东西获得更多，并成为永久所有；也指一点点地慢慢地通过长期不懈的努力而获得诸如知识、才干、良好习惯等。常与抽象名词搭配。BruceBlivenThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonGoandsee.Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.Article1_W_obtain2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingExercise:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.ShefinallyherambitiontovisitChina.achieved_______2.Firsteditionsofthesebooksarenowalmostimpossibleto.obtain_____3.Itusuallytakesfouryearstoadegreeatauniversity.get___4.I'vebeenworkingallday,butIfeelasifI'venothing.achieved_______5.Theyrealizedthatonlythroughstrugglecouldtheytheirrights.obtain_____6.Ittookhimalongtimetotheskillsheneededtobecomeaprofessionalartist.acquire_______BruceBlivenThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonGoandsee.Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.Article1_W_sourceBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingsource:es;placewhereariverstartsTheygettheirmoneyfromvarioussources.WheredoestheRhinehaveitssource?莱茵河的源头在哪里？CF:source&origin这两个名词均有“根源，起因”之意。source原指“水源”，转义指事物的“根源，起因或出处”。例如：origin指事物起始于某时或某处，或由其产生另一事，即“起源，起因，由来”，有时也指“出身，血统”。例如：河水是在源头还是在流出之后受到污染的?Isthewaterpollutedatsourceorfurtherdownstream?所有这些传染病都是由那口井引发的.Thatwellisthesourceofallthecasesofinfection.这些词的起源不为人所知。Theoriginsofsomewordsareunknown.他从未忘记过自己出身卑微。Heneverforgothishumbleorigins.BruceBlivenThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonGoandsee.Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.Article1_W_personalBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThemanagerwillmakeapersonalvisittothesupermarket.It’samatterofpersonalpreference.personal:adj.doneinperson;belongingtoaperson这是个人爱好问题。Collocation:

personalaffairs私事apersonalletter私人信件apersonalproblem个人隐私问题personalcall亲自拜访BruceBlivenThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:LessonsfromJeffersonGoandsee.Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.Article1_W_appointvoyageBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingappoint:vt.choose(someone)foraposition,job,etc.WhowillbeappointedtothechairmanshipwhenMr.Whiteleaves?CF:

appoint&name

这两个动词均有“任命，委任”之意。Thecompanyhasappointedanewsalesdirector.Pattern:appointsb.asappointsb.(todo)sth.appointsb.to(ajob,post,position,etc.)他被委派填补那空缺。Hewasappointedtothe