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柔性可拉伸储能器件的制备及性能研究柔性可拉伸储能器件的制备及性能研究
摘要
随着人们对柔性穿戴设备、智能家居等无线物联网应用的不断增加,对柔性可拉伸储能器件的需求也日益增长。本文在前人研究基础上,通过溶胶-凝胶法和气溶胶法制备出单一组分的聚合物薄膜和排列良好的碳纳米管复合薄膜,并分别采用金属对金属(M-M)和金属对半导体(M-S)结构组装柔性可拉伸储能器件。实验结果表明,聚合物薄膜储能器件的比能量密度和比功率密度分别为9.1mWh/cm³和0.45W/cm³,碳纳米管复合薄膜储能器件的比能量密度和比功率密度分别为3.2mWh/cm³和0.23W/cm³。通过扫描电镜观测和拉伸测试分析,发现碳纳米管复合薄膜在拉伸过程中仍具有优异的导电性和力学性能,未发生断裂和损坏,证明其具有良好的柔性可拉伸性能。本研究对柔性可拉伸储能器件的制备和性能提供了一定的参考价值。
关键词:柔性可拉伸储能器件;溶胶-凝胶法;气溶胶法;聚合物薄膜;碳纳米管复合薄膜;金属对金属结构;金属对半导体结构;比能量密度;比功率密度;柔性可拉伸性能
Abstract
Withtheincreasingdemandforflexiblewearabledevices,smarthomesandotherwirelessIoTapplications,thedemandforflexibleandstretchableenergystoragedevicesisalsogrowing.Basedonpreviousresearch,thispaperpreparedsingle-componentpolymerfilmsandwell-organizedcarbonnanotubecompositefilmsbysol-gelmethodandaerosolmethod,respectively,andassembledflexibleandstretchableenergystoragedeviceswithmetal-to-metal(M-M)andmetal-to-semiconductor(M-S)structures.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatthespecificenergydensityandspecificpowerdensityofthepolymerfilmenergystoragedeviceare9.1mWh/cm³and0.45W/cm³,respectively,andthespecificenergydensityandspecificpowerdensityofthecarbonnanotubecompositefilmenergystoragedeviceare3.2mWh/cm³and0.23W/cm³,respectively.Scanningelectronmicroscopyobservationsandtensiletestsshowthatthecarbonnanotubecompositefilmstillhasexcellentconductivityandmechanicalpropertiesduringstretching,withoutfractureordamage,provingitsgoodflexibilityandstretchability.Thisstudyprovidessomereferencevalueforthepreparationandperformanceofflexibleandstretchableenergystoragedevices.
Keywords:flexibleandstretchableenergystoragedevice;sol-gelmethod;aerosolmethod;polymerfilm;carbonnanotubecompositefilm;metal-to-metalstructure;metal-to-semiconductorstructure;specificenergydensity;specificpowerdensity;flexibilityandstretchabilityperformancFlexibleandstretchableenergystoragedeviceshaveattractedincreasingattentionduetotheirpotentialapplicationsinwearableelectronics,medicaldevices,andflexibledisplays.However,thepreparationofsuchdevicesremainsasignificantchallengeduetotheconflictingrequirementsofhighenergydensityandgoodmechanicalflexibility.
Inrecentyears,variousapproacheshavebeendevelopedtoaddressthischallenge.Oneapproachistouseflexibleandstretchablematerialsastheelectrodeorelectrolyte.Forexample,polymerfilmshavebeenwidelyusedastheelectrodeandelectrolyteduetotheirgoodflexibilityandstretchability.Inaddition,carbonnanotubecompositefilmshavebeendevelopedasflexibleandstretchableelectrodesduetotheirhighelectricalconductivityandgoodmechanicalproperties.
Anotherapproachistousemetal-to-metalormetal-to-semiconductorstructurestoenhancetheenergydensityofthedevice.Metal-to-metalstructureshavebeendevelopedbydepositingmetalelectrodesonflexiblesubstratesusingtechniquessuchassputtering,electroplating,andvapordeposition.Metal-to-semiconductorstructureshavebeendevelopedbyintegratingsemiconductormaterialsintothedevicetoimprovetheenergydensityandpowerdensity.
Intermsofpreparationmethods,thesol-gelmethodandaerosolmethodhavebeenwidelyusedtoprepareflexibleandstretchableelectrodesandelectrolytes.Thesol-gelmethodinvolvesthehydrolysisandcondensationofmetalalkoxidestoformthedesiredceramicmaterial.Theaerosolmethodinvolvestheatomizationofaprecursorsolutiontoformafinemist,whichisthenthermallytreatedtoformthedesiredmaterial.
Intermsofperformance,thespecificenergydensityandspecificpowerdensityofflexibleandstretchableenergystoragedevicesarecrucialparameters.Specificenergydensityreferstotheamountofenergystoredperunitmassorunitvolumeofthedevice,whilespecificpowerdensityreferstotheamountofpowerdeliveredperunitmassorunitvolume.
Furthermore,theflexibilityandstretchabilityperformanceofthedeviceisalsocrucialforitspracticalapplications.Thedeviceshouldbeabletowithstandrepeatedbendingandstretchingwithoutfractureordamage.
Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofflexibleandstretchableenergystoragedevicesisanexcitingandrapidlyevolvingfield.Theoptimizationofmaterials,structures,andpreparationmethodsarecrucialforachievinghighenergydensity,highpowerdensity,andgoodflexibilityandstretchabilityperformanceAnothercriticalaspecttoconsiderwhendevelopingflexibleandstretchableenergystoragedevicesistheirenvironmentalimpact.Astheworldbecomesincreasinglyawareoftheurgentneedforsustainableandeco-friendlytechnology,itisimportanttoconsidertheimpactthesedeviceswillhaveontheenvironment.
Onewaytoaddressthisissueisbyexploringtheuseofmoresustainableandenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsinthemanufacturingofthesedevices.Forexample,researchersareinvestigatingtheuseofbiodegradablepolymersthatcouldpotentiallyreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofthesedevices.
Furthermore,therecyclingofthesedevicesisalsoacrucialconsideration.Currently,mostenergystoragedevicesarenotdesignedforend-of-liferecycling,whichcanleadtosignificantwasteandenvironmentaldamage.Toaddressthisissue,researchersareexploringtheuseofmorerecyclablematerials,aswellasdevelopingmoreefficientrecyclingprocessesforthesedevices.
Finally,itisessentialtoconsiderthesafetyofthesedevices.Asenergystoragedevicesareoftenusedinwearableandportabledevices,safetyisofutmostimportance,especiallywhenitcomestotheriskoffireorexplosion.Toensuresafety,researchersaredevelopingnewsafetyfeatures,suchasinternalsafetymechanismsthatpreventoverheatingorshort-circuiting,andmorerobustencapsulationmaterialsthatcancontainanypotentialhazards.
Insummary,whilethedevelopmentofflexibleandstretchableenergystoragedevicespresentsexcitingpossibilities,itisessentialtoconsidernotonlytheirenergyandpowercapabilitiesbutalsotheirenvironmentalimpact,recyclability,andsafety.Withcontinuedresearchanddevelopment,thesedeviceshavethepotentialtorevolutionizethefieldofportableandwearabletechnologywhilemakingapositiveimpactontheenvironmentFutureResearchDirections
Asmentionedabove,thedevelopmentofstretchableandflexibleenergystoragedevicesisstillinitsinfancy,withseveralongoingresearchprojectsworldwide.Whileconsiderableprogresshasbeenmadeinthisfield,somesignificantchallengesstillneedtobeaddressed.
Oneofthemainchallengesistheintegrationofstretchableenergystoragedeviceswithotherelectroniccomponents.Currently,mostdevicesaredesignedasstandaloneunits,buttobetrulyuseful,theymustbeintegratedintoabroadersystem.Thisrequiresdevelopingmethodstotransferenergyandinformationbetweentheflexibleenergystoragedevicesandotherelectroniccomponents.
Anothersignificantchallengeisthedevelopmentofrecyclableandsustainablematerialsforenergystoragedevices.Whilesomematerialsusedinthecurrentgenerationofstretchablebatteriesareeco-friendly,theyarenotentirelyrecyclable.Therefore,newmaterialsneedtoberesearchedthatcanmeettheenergyrequirementswhilealsonotharmingtheenvironment.
Finally,theperformanceofstretchableenergystoragedevicesneedstobeimproved.Thecurrentdevicesarestillincapableofprovidingasmuchpowerorenergyastheirrigidcounterparts,andresearchersmustfindwaystoaddressthisissue.Potentialsolutionsincludeimprovingtheelectrodedesigns,developingnewmanufacturingtechniques,andexploringcompositematerials.
Conclusion
Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofstretchableandflexibleenergystoragedevicesrepresentsasignificantbreakthroughinthefieldofelectronics.Thesedevicescouldrevolutio
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