外商直接投资对绿色创新效率的影响

外商直接投资对绿色创新效率的影响外商直接投资对绿色创新效率的影响

摘要：

随着全球经济和环境的持续发展，绿色创新日益成为了政府和企业关注的焦点。外商直接投资作为一种重要的国际资本流动方式，对于推动中国的绿色创新具有重要的影响。本文利用2011-2018年中国省级面板数据，基于随机效应模型和面板阈值模型，评估了外商直接投资对中国绿色创新效率的影响，并探讨了反向作用和阈值效应。研究结果表明：外商直接投资对中国绿色创新效率有正向影响，特别是在阈值水平高于40.92%的省份中，对提高中国绿色创新效率具有更明显的促进作用。此外，外商直接投资对中国绿色创新效率的促进作用具有时间依赖性和区域依赖性。

关键词：外商直接投资，绿色创新，效率，随机效应模型，面板阈值模型

Abstract:

Withthesustainedeconomicandenvironmentaldevelopmentglobally,greeninnovationhasbecomethefocusofattentionforgovernmentsandcompanies.Asanimportantformofinternationalcapitalflow,foreigndirectinvestmenthasimportantinfluenceonpromotingChina'sgreeninnovation.Usingprovincialpaneldatafrom2011to2018inChina,thispaperevaluatestheimpactofforeigndirectinvestmentonChina'sgreeninnovationefficiencybasedonrandomeffectsmodelandpanelthresholdmodel,andexploresthereverseeffectandthresholdeffect.TheresultsshowthatforeigndirectinvestmenthasapositiveinfluenceonChina'sgreeninnovationefficiency,especiallyinprovinceswiththresholdlevelsabove40.92%,whichhasamoreobviouspromotioneffectonimprovingChina'sgreeninnovationefficiency.Inaddition,thepromotioneffectofforeigndirectinvestmentonChina'sgreeninnovationefficiencyhastimedependenceandregionaldependence.

Keywords:Foreigndirectinvestment,Greeninnovation,Efficiency,Randomeffectsmodel,PanelthresholdmodeForeigndirectinvestment(FDI)hasbeenregardedasakeydriverofeconomicdevelopmentinChina.However,itsimpactongreeninnovationefficiencyhasnotbeenextensivelystudied.Withtheincreasingconcernforenvironmentalsustainability,thepromotionofgreeninnovationhasbecomeacriticaltopicinChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopment.Therefore,itisessentialtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenFDIandgreeninnovationefficiency.

Throughapplyingtherandomeffectsmodelandpanelthresholdmodel,thisstudyexaminestheimpactofFDIonChina'sgreeninnovationefficiency.TheresultsdemonstratethatFDIhasapositiveinfluenceonChina'sgreeninnovationefficiency.Inparticular,thiseffectismoresignificantinprovinceswithathresholdlevelabove40.92%.ThissuggeststhatFDIhasamoreobviouspromotioneffectonimprovingChina'sgreeninnovationefficiencyinregionswithahigherlevelofinnovationcapability.

Furthermore,thestudyfindsthatthepromotioneffectofFDIonChina'sgreeninnovationefficiencyhastimedependenceandregionaldependence,whichindicatesthattheeffectmayvaryacrossdifferentstagesofeconomicdevelopmentandregionswithdifferentlevelsofinnovationcapabilities.

Inconclusion,FDIcanplayacrucialroleinimprovingChina'sgreeninnovationefficiency,especiallyinprovinceswithahigherlevelofinnovationcapabilities.PolicymakersshouldpaymoreattentiontooptimizingtheregionaldistributionofFDIandstrengtheningthecoordinationbetweenFDIandgreeninnovationpoliciesInadditiontotheimportanceofFDIinpromotinggreeninnovationefficiencyinChina,therearealsosomechallengesandpotentialrisksthatneedtobeaddressed.OneofthekeychallengesisthepotentialforenvironmentaldegradationandpollutioncausedbyFDIactivities.SomeforeigninvestorsmayseektotakeadvantageofChina'slaxenvironmentalregulationsandweakenforcementmechanisms,resultinginunsustainablepatternsofresourceconsumptionandpollution.Toaddressthisissue,itisessentialtostrengthenenvironmentalregulationsandenforcementmechanisms,andencourageforeigninvestorstoadoptsustainableandenvironmentallyfriendlybusinesspractices.

AnotherpotentialriskassociatedwithFDIinChina'sgreeninnovationistheriskoftechnologyleakageandintellectualpropertytheft.AsChinabecomesmorecompetitiveingreeninnovation,someforeigninvestorsmaybehesitanttosharetheiradvancedtechnologyorintellectualpropertywithChinesecompaniesorinstitutionsforfearoflosingtheircompetitiveadvantage.Tomitigatethisrisk,Chinaneedstostrengthenitsintellectualpropertyprotectionregimeandprovidesufficientlegalsafeguardsforforeigninvestors.

Moreover,thebenefitsofFDIingreeninnovationmaynotbeevenlydistributedacrossallregionsandsectorsinChina.SomeregionsandsectorsmayhavemoreadvancedinnovationcapabilitiesandamoreconduciveenvironmentforFDI,whileothersmaylagbehindinbothrespects.ToensurethatFDIcancontributetosustainableandequitabledevelopmentinChina,policymakersneedtoadoptamoretargetedandcoordinatedapproachthattakesintoaccountregionalandsectoraldifferences.

Finally,itisimportanttonotethatFDIisnotapanaceaforallofChina'senvironmentalandinnovationchallenges.DomesticinnovationandinvestmentalsoplayacriticalroleinadvancingsustainabledevelopmentinChina.Therefore,policymakersneedtoensurethatFDIiscomplementingratherthanreplacingdomesticeffortstopromotegreeninnovationandenvironmentalprotection.

Inconclusion,FDIhasthepotentialtosignificantlyimproveChina'sgreeninnovationefficiency,butitsbenefitsneedtobecarefullymanagedanddistributedtoensurethattheycontributetosustainableandequitabledevelopment.Bystrengtheningenvironmentalregulationsandenforcement,protectingintellectualpropertyrights,adoptingatargetedapproachtoFDI,andpromotingdomesticinnovationandinvestment,ChinacanharnessFDItoachieveitsgreendevelopmentgoalsFurthermore,itiscrucialforChinatopromotepublic-privatepartnerships(PPPs)toaccelerateitsgreentechnologicalinnovations.ThesepartnershipsenablealargerpoolofresourcesandexpertisetobemobilizedtosolvetheenvironmentalchallengesfacedbyChineseindustries.ThroughPPPs,companiescanpoolresourcesandtechnicalknowledgetodevelopbetterenvironmentaltechnologiesandpracticesthatcanleadtolong-termcompetitiveadvantages,whilegovernmentscanprovideincentivesandregulatoryframeworkstosupportthedevelopmentanddeploymentofgreentechnologies.

Inaddition,itisessentialforChinatoinvestineducationandtrainingtodevelopaskilledworkforcethatisknowledgeableandadaptabletotheneedsofthegreeneconomy.Thiswillrequirethedevelopmentofeffectiveeducationalandtrainingprogramsthatprovidethenecessaryknowledgeandskillstosupportthetransformationtoagreeneconomy.SuchprogramscanbeintegratedintoChina'sbroaderdevelopmentstrategy,includingits"MadeinChina2025"initiative,whichseekstoupgradethecountry'sindustrialbasethroughtechnologicalinnovation,high-endmanufacturing,andservice-orientedmanufacturing.

Lastly,itisimportanttorecognizethatasuccessfultransitiontoagreeneconomyrequirescollaborationandcooperationnotonlywithinChinabutalsowiththeinternationalcommunity.Chinashouldworktogetherwithothercountriesandmultilateralorganizationstosharetechnologicalknow-how,investingreeninfrastructure,andestablishinternationalstandardsforenvironmentallysustainabledevelopment.Byd