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72ItShehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytoItisnotwhorulesusthatisimportant,buthowherules“All+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”(very+形容词HewasallgentlenesstoAcrimeisacrimea译为”几乎无“。somethinglikeTheysaythathehadnouniversityeducation,butheseemstobesomethingofascholar.of,“of”以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰“of”后面的那个名词。如“heroldsharperofafather”,可译为:“她那般的父亲”。ThosepigsofgirlseatsoItisasinasincan“Itisin(with)…asItisinlifeasina“asgoodas…”Themerchantasgoodaspromisedtheorphanboy,thathewouldadopt“manyaswell…as”和“mightaswell…as”“manyaswell…as”也可以……”等等。“mightaswell…as”表示不可能的事,可译为“犹Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowit“tomake…of”的译法(使……成为……,把……当作Iwillmakeascientistofmyoo…+不定式“,not(never)too…+不定式”,“too…not+Sheistooangryto+todo“结构中,不定式也没有否定意义,凡是”not“,”all“but+”too…to,“不定式都失去了否定意义,在”tooready(apt)+todo“结Youknowbuttooyelltoholdyour“nomore…than…”Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisa“notsomuch…as”“notsomuchas…”结构,“notsomuch…as”=“notsomuchasasbutrather,可译为:Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit“Nothingismore…than”和“Nothingisso…as”结构,“Nothingismore…than”和“Nothingisso…as”都具有比较的意思,“no”“nobody”“nowhere”“little”“few”,Nothingismorepreciousthan“cannot…too…”结构,“cannot…too…”意为“ItisimpossibletoYoucannotbetooNothingissobadbutitmighthavebeen“否定+until(till)”结构,在否定词“no”,“not”,“never”,NobodyknowswhathecandotillhehasHeisnotsosickbuthecancometo“疑问词+should…but”结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为Whoshouldwriteitbut“whoknowsbut(that)…”和“whocouldshould…but”结构,这个Whoknowsbut(that)hemaygo?Addlovetoahouseandyouhaveahome.Aadrighteousnesstoacityandyouhaveacommunity.Aadtruthtoapileofredbrickandyouhaveaschool.Aword,andhewouldlosehis“as…,so…”结构,这里的“so”的意思是“inthesameway”(如此Asrusteatsiron,socareeatsthe使有……”,表示加强语气。与此类似的还有:“ifanything”(不同的话,如果稍有区别,“ifaday”(=atleast,至少。Thereislittle,ifany,“beit”中的“be”是古英语假设语气的遗留形式,现代英语则使用“letitbe”。“everso”和“neverso”都表示同一意思,都表示“very”。Beiteversohumble(letitbeeversohumble,homeis意思是“theleastlikely”,用于否定论。可译为“最不大可能的”,HeisthelastmantoacceptaHeransofastthatnobodycouldcatchhimItismorethanprobablethathewill“morethanThismorethansatisfied“goodand“niceand…”,“fineand…,”“lovelyand…”,“brightand…”,“rareand…”,“bigand…”等,均表示程度。TheapplesaregoodandReturntoyourwork,andthatatThenovelisatoncepleasingand“inthat…”结构,这个结构的意思是“在那一点上(方面)”,可译为“因为”。类似的结构还有“inthis…”。Thebudgetisunrealisticinthatitdisregardsincreased“thenamenotwithstanding”结构,这个结构中“notwithstanding”是介词,这个介词可以置前,可以置后,比如也可写成:“notwithstandingtheSomepeoplethinkofthestoragebatteryasasortofcondenserwhereelectricityisstored.Butthisisanentirelywrongconception,thenamenotwithstanding.“Every…not”“All…not”“Every…not”个……都是……”;“All…not”Everymanisnotpolite,andallarenotborn“mayaswellnot…as”Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitbut“haveonlyto…do”结构,此结构表示“只须(消)……就能……”的WehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoverymadebyEdisontoseethesignificanceofit.“not(no)…unless…”Noincreaseinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineis“better…than…”Bettermylifeshouldbeendedbytheirhate,thanthathatedlifeshouldbeprolongedtolivewithoutyourlove.“asitwere”是一个非常常用的插入语,意思是“好象”,“可以说”Apieceofironnearamagnet,thoughapparentlyseparatefromitfeels,asitwere,thethreadsofthisatta复杂结构,在下面例句中,由于anyone的定语从句过长,把谓语mustrealizeThoughfaithandconfidencearesurelymoreorlassforeigntomynature,Idonotinfrequentlyfindmyselflookingtothemtobeable,diligent,candid,andevenhonest.inlyenough,thatistoolargeanorder,asanyonemustrealizewhoreflectsuponthemannerinwhichtheyreachpublicoffice.“not…anymorethan…”Onecannotlearntosketchandexpresshimselfgraphicallyonlybyreadingaboutitanymorethanonecanlearntoswimwhilestandingbythepool.“Bythatasitmay”是“Letitbethatasitmay”的省略形式,是Itissaidthatthenervepoisonisthemoreprimitiveofthetwo,thatthebloodpoisonis,sotospeak,anewproductfromanimprovedformula.Bethatasitmay,thenervepoisondoesitsbusinesswithmanfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison.“ifatall”是一个由“if”引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为“即Icanseeonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatthereTherehavebeenopeneduptothevastandexcellentscience,inwhichmyworkisthebeginning,waysandmeansbywhichothermindsmoreaccuratethanwinewillexploreitsremotecorners.“rangefrom…to…”结构。这是一个常见结构,译时很多情况下应变通Computerapplicationsrangefromanassemblylinecompleyrunbycomputerstoachildrentoyrespondingtoremotesignals.“theway…”Ialwaysthoughtshewasacommon-sensewhodiscussedthingsthewaytheyoughttobediscussed.Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofsensitiveandaccuratemeasuringequipmenthasmadeitpossibletomeasuretheacuityofhearingofanyindividualatdifferentfrequencies.1)(当“makeuseof”,“takenoticeof”,“payattentionto”,等动词短语变成语态时Useismadeofsolarenergyinheatinghouses.Butthereisofcultureanotherview,inwhichnotsolelythescientificpassion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproperinaninligentbeing,appearsasthegroundof“tobeng…when…”是一个句型,多译为“正在做……时,突Shesaidsheandafriendhadgoneouttodinnerthatnight,andwerewalkinghometogetheratabout10o“clock,whena”verybig,verytallman“,accostedthemanddemandedtheirpurses.“too…to”ThenIrememberedhowoftenI,too,hadbeenindifferenttothegrandeurofeachday,toopreoccupiedwithpettyandsometimesevenmeanconcernstorespondtothesplendorofitall.“somuchthat…”ButhedevelopedgraduallyaverymusicalEnglish.Helearnttowritesentencesthatfallawayontheearwithamistylanguoranditdelightedhimsomuchthathecouldneverhaveenoughofit.“when”引导状语从句有时并不好译,不能一看到when从句就考虑译为Anythingisbetterthannottowriteclearly.Thereisnothingtobesaidagainstlucidity,andagainstsimplicityonlythepossibilityofdryness.Thisisariskthatiswellworthtakingwhenyoureflecthowmuchbetteritistobeboldthantowearacurlywig.In1600theearthwasnotthecenteroftheuniversebecausethemajoritythensupposeditwas;nor,becauseshehadmorereaders,wasEllawheelerWilcoxabetterpoetthanFatherHopkins.“so…that,such…that”是一个普通的句型,但在同一个句子里有两处Thetruthis,thatinonepointofview,thismatterofnationalliturehascometosuchapasswithus,thatinsomesensewemustturnbullies,elsethedayislost,orsuperioritysofarbeyondus,thatwecanhardlysayitwilleverbeours.Thehippos,bydepositingdunginthewater,fedthefishthatsupportthestorksthatdestroytheraretrees.Nolessobviousisthefacttherearegreatnumbersofpeoplesoconstitutedorsobroughtupthattheycannotgetsomuchpleasureoutofprocessesandexperiencesresultinginapoorerlifelessfullof“what…of”IcannotsayofmyselfwhatJohnsonsaidofPope:Heneverpassedafaultunamendedbyindifference,norquitteditbydespair.IdonotwriteasIdo;IwriteasIcan.Itisavaluablework.Idonotthinkanyonewritessowellthathecannotlearnmuchfromit.“tohavenot…(as)tosee…”Hehadnotthegoodbreedingtoseethatsimplicityandnaturalnessarethetruestmarksofdistinction.“Itoccurredto**.that…”意为“突然想到”,“Itdawned**.that…”Irememberoncebeingonabusandlookingatastranger.Hesuddenlylookedbackatme-i.e.oureyesmet.Myinstinctivereactionwastoavertmygaze.ItoccurredtomethatifIhadtomaintaineyecontact,Iwouldhavebeenrudeandaggressive.“Itfollowsthat…”=“Ithappensasaresult…”常常被译为“由Itfollowsthatthehousewifewillalsoexpecttobeabletohavemoreleisureinherlifewithoutloweringherstandardofliving.Italsofollowsthathumandomesticservantswillhavecompleyceasedto“that”sallthereistoitIfI“mtouched,I”mtouched-that“sallthereisto“Thechancesarethat…”ThechancesareyouwillneverattemptthatspeedwithpoetryorwanttoracethoughsomepassagesinfictionoverwhichyouwishtoFeel,see,leave引起宾语的宾语补足语,或在语态中引起主语补情况应挖掘其含义,不要拘泥于表面形式。Theeducationoftheyoungisseentobeofprimaryno,nowhere,never,not…bout,not…any,nothingbut,hardly,scarcely,seldomInevergopastthetheatrebutIthinkofhislastchoicebetween,t

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