各校考博英语翻译

北理工05翻译A.TranslatethefollowingtwoshortparagraphsintoChinese.(10points)Wedonotmakemistakesonthebasisofraceorcolor.Wedonnotmakethembecausewearemaleorfemale,youngorold.Wedonomakemistakesofchoiceorjudgmentsbecausewewanttomakemistakes.Wemakethembecausewearehuman.Mistakes,badjudgments,thestupidthingswedoareallapartofbeinghuman.Wecannothidefromwhoweare.Weshouldnothidefromwhatwedo.Whenweacknowledgeourmistakesorerrorsandfaceuptoourhumanshortcomings,noonecanusethemagainstus.Wearefirstandforemostresponsibletoandforourselves.Wecanhelpotherpeople.Wecanassistotherpeople.Whatwecannotdoismakewhatwedoforothersorothersdoforusmoreimportantthanwhatwedoforourselves.Whenwefindsomethingorsomeonecreatinginourlivessomethingwedonnotwant,wemustmusterthecourageandstrengthtotellthemtostopit.Whenwedo,wepreserveoursenseofself.B.TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoEnglish.(20points)几年前我认识一个非常聪明但任性的中国青年，他急切地想去美国读大学，但又没有被他申请的长春藤合会名牌大学录取。所幸的是，一所在美国人，特别是受过高等教育的美国人当中享有盛誉的规模较小的文科大学向他提供了奖学金，但这所大学在中国几乎不为人所知。凡是听我说起他的情况的美国人都觉得他真该高兴，然而，这位年轻人却被忧虑所困扰。这所大学的名次在他所咨询的排行榜上并不靠前，他的同学全然不知道这所学校，因此同学们的祝贺就不那么热烈了。难道这一“成功”真是个失败？他是不是该留在北京上那所录取了他的尖子大学？或者是他到了美国就转学到一所他认为原本应该接受他的名牌大学去？当启程的时间到来时，他是那么拿不定注意，乃至向朋友表示遗憾。这是个名次多么有害的例子。要想知道什么意味着最好的大学显然是不可能的，因为每个人的标准都与别人不同；即使他们都同意某一个特定的标准，他们对一个学校的估价也往往反映出信息的不完整和个人的不同看法等问题。我也许特别关注图书馆的质量，你可能强调计算机的使用方便程度，另一个人可能觉得图书馆与计算机都不如师生的交往重要，这又该如何确定呢？北理工06翻译SectionA:TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese(20points)Everyonehassomethingtheyareashamedof,afraidoforthattheyfeelguiltyabout.Eachofus,inourownway,hasdevisedaneatlittlemethodofhandlingourdarkside.Wemayknowhowtohideit.Fewofusknowhowtohealit.Whenwerefusetoadmitwhatwehavedoneinthepast,weblockourpathtothefuture.Nomatterhowterriblewethinkweare,howbadwebelievewehavebeen,howlowwethinkwehavefallen,wecancleanourmindsandbeginagain.Weexpectedsomuchenergytryingtofixwhoweare;werarelygettoknowourselves.Ifwerealizedhowpreciousthegistoflifeis,wewouldnotwasteamomenttryingtoimproveit.Ifwereallyunderstoodhowpreciouswearetothegiftoflife,wewouldnotwastetimetryingtofixourselves.Wecannotdrawtousemorethanbelieveweareworth.Everythingthathappenstouseandeverychoicewemakeisareflectionofwhatwebelieveaboutwhoweare.Ourinspirationcomesfromourself-acceptance.Ourmotivationcomesfromourself-reliance.Whenweacceptourselvesandrelyonourselves,wefeelgoodaboutourselves.Whenyoufeelgoodaboutsomething,youbelieveinit.Whenyoubelieveinit,itwillworkforyou!Itisoflittleconsequencewhatyourpasthasbeen.Whatmatterstoyouandforyouisrightnow.Itisnoyourconcernwhatothersmaybesayingordoing.Whenyouaretakingcareofyourself,youhaveverylittletimepayattentiontoothers.Peoplecanloveyouorhateyou,ignoreyouordoteonyoureveryword.Nomatterwhatanyoneelsemaythinkordoorsay,ithasverylittleimpactonwhoyoureallyare.Itisonlyinyourmindthatyoubuildordestroytheesteemforyour“self”.Self-esteembeginsandendswithyou,theself.Whenyouhaveit,youhaveitandnoonecantakeitawayfromyou.SectionBTranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.(20points)现在，成千上万的美国人沉溺于对身材苗条的追求之中。他们着迷于节食和锻炼，这不仅仅是因为他们对年轻外表的追求。最近的一项研究表明节食和体育锻炼对身体健康的极端重要性。如同在许多工业技术发达的国家中一样，北美人的生活方式发生了显著的变化。现代化的机器完成了人们曾被迫用手工来完成的体力劳动。小汽车、公共汽车运载着我们飞快地从一地来到另一地。由于无所事事，人们的身体变得虚弱并易于生病。为了避免这种状况的发生，成千上万的美国人把更多的时间投入到体育锻炼之中。这种对体育锻炼重要性的认识所产生的结果是显而易见的：公园里到处是散步和骑自行车的人，体育节目中有重新树立了威望，许多公司都为自己的员工提供了特殊的运动器材供他们在工作日当中锻炼身体。北理工07翻译SectionA:TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese(20points)21.Loveisofthreevarieties:unselfish,mutualandordinaryorselfish.Unselfishloveisofthehighestkind.Here,theonewholovesseeksonlythewelfareofthebelovedanddoesnotcarewhetherhesufferspainsandhardshipsthereby.Thesecondkindofloveismutualloveinwhichtheonewholovesdesiresnotonlythehappinessofhisbeloved,buthasaneyetohisownhappinessalso.Selfishloveisthelowest.Itmakesamancareonlyforhisownhappinesswithouthavinganyregardforthefeelingofthebeloved.22.Optimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone'slifeamplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpaintofindarational,basisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse.It'sourdecision:Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?Ibelieveintheupwardlook.Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandslipfightoverthenegative.Iamanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.23.Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamaterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidityoftheappetite,ofadventureovertheloveofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.Yearsmaywrinkletheskin.Buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,self-distrustbowstheheartandturnsthespiritbacktodust.24.Allmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithinherentandunalienablerights,thatamongthesearelife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness;thattosecuretheserights,governmentsareinstitutedamongmen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned,thatwheneveranyformofgovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseends,itistherightofthepeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewgovernment;...SectionB:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.(20points)每个人一生中都该有个志向，否则他的精力便会浪费掉。每个青年人都力求成为一个有成就的人物。一个青年人只期望富有是不明智的，或只专心予求得权利与名望也是不对的。一个青年人希望做个有成就者，结果常常会实现。狄斯拉里(Disraeli)的故事是个例证。狄斯拉里开始过公众生活时渴望能成为一个学者及演说家。他在文学方面的成就比演说方面更为成功。起初他作为一个演说家时是完全失败的。不过，他认为有把握克服障碍，遂以不屈不挠的精神致力于这个目标的实现。他的一些朋友认为他这个念头是蠢的，甚至是古怪的，但他坚持目标不舍，最后终于成功，成为英国曾经产生的最有丰富知识的学者与最雄辩的演说家之一。这个故事并不是引来说明：只是大学者或演说家，或二者兼而有之者才是有成就的人物。除了做学者或演说家之外，还有许多同样高尚与可敬的事业哩。它只是用来说明一个青年人须志向高远，因为“宁可志高而达不到目标,也不要志低而达到”。中国政法05翻译SectionA(15points)Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintogoodChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.Remembertowriteitclearly.Waterisalimitednaturalresourceandapublicgoodfundamentalforlifeandhealth.Thehumanrighttowaterisindispensableforleadingalifeinhumandignity.Itisaprerequisitefortherealizationofotherhumanrights.TheCommitteehasbeenconfrontedcontinuallywiththewidespreaddenialoftherighttowaterindevelopingaswellasdevelopedcountries・Over1billionpersonslackaccesstoabasicwatersupply,whileseveralbilliondonothaveaccesstoadequatesanitation,whichistheprimarycauseofwatercontaminationanddiseaseslinkedtowater・Thecontinuingcontamination,depletionandunequaldistributionofwaterisexacerbatingexistingpoverty.Stateshavetoadopteffectivemeasurestorealize,withoutdiscrimination,therighttowater・SectionB(15points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.Remembertowriteitclearly.和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。中国与西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。中国政法06翻译SectionA(15points)Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintogoodChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.Remembertowriteitclearly.Academicfreedomincludesthelibertyofindividualstoexpressfreelyopinionsabouttheinstitutionorsysteminwhichtheywork,tofulfilltheirfunctionswithoutdiscriminationorfearofrepressionbytheStateoranyotheractor,toparticipateinprofessionalorrepresentativeacademicbodies,andtoenjoyalltheinternationallyrecognizedhumanrightsapplicabletootherindividualsinthesamejurisdiction・Theenjoymentofacademicfreedomcarrieswithitobligations,suchasthedutytorespecttheacademicfreedomofothers,toensurethefairdiscussionofcontraryviews,andtotreatallwithoutdiscriminationonanyoftheprohibitedgrounds・SectionB(15points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish・WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet・Remembertowriteitclearly・不管是好习惯还是坏习惯，都是逐渐养成的。当一个人重复做某件事时，一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事，这样就养成了习惯。习惯一旦形成，要改掉它是困难的。所以，我们在形成习惯时要小心谨慎，这一点是非常重要的。小孩子常常会养成坏习惯。这些坏习惯中有的一直保留到他们死去为止。年纪大的人也会养成坏习惯，在某些情况下，这些坏习惯能毁掉人。复旦大学06翻译SectionA(10%)Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese・Duntookadeepbreath,thinkingoverwhathadbeensaidandsearchinginhismindforapossiblecourseofaction・Notforthefirsttimeinhisflyingcareer,hefelthimselfinthegripofanacutesenseofapprehension,onlythistimehisawarenessofhisresponsibilityforthesafetyofahuge,complexaircraftandnearlysixtyliveswastingedwithasuddenicypremonitionofdisaster.Wasthis,thenwhatitfeltlike?Olderpilots,thosewhohadbeenincombatinthewar,alwaysmaintainedthatifyoukeptatthegamelongenoughyou'dbuyitintheend.Howwasitthatinthespaceofhalfanhouranormal,everyday,routingflight,carryingacrowdofhappyfootballfans,couldchangeintoanightmarenearlyfourmilesabovetheearth,somethingthatwouldshriekacrossthefrontpagesofahundrednewspapers?SectionB(10%)Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.在美国历史上人们最津津乐道的政治问题恐怕就法律与秩序。但令人感到心痛的是，显然有好几百万美国人从来没有想到过自己会是违法者，更不用说是犯罪分子了，他们越来越不把那些旨在保护他们社会的法律条文放在心上。如今，人们随手乱扔垃圾、进税漏税、发出违禁噪音，以及开车时表示出来的无政府状态，可谓是司空见惯。有时不由使人觉得，藐视法令者竟可代表未来的潮流了。哈佛大学的社会学家戴维.里斯曼认为：大多数美国人漫不经心地把犯点所谓的小错误当作是理所当然的。他还认为：今天美国社会道德准则已出现“只有傻瓜才守法的”危险倾向了。同济大学05翻译PartIIITranslationfromEnglishintoChinese(20%)Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife;thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawaywardcourse,overadeepoceanofanguish,reachingtothevergeofdespair.Ihavesoughtlove,firstbecameitbringsecstasy-ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflikeforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,next,becauseitrelieveslonelinessthatterriblelonelinessinwhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfathomablelifelessabyss.Ihaveboughtit,finally,becauseintheunionoflove,Ihaveseen,inamysticminiature,theprefiguringvisionoftheheaventhatsaintsandpoetshaveimagined.ThisiswhatIsought,andthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhumanlife,thisiswhatatlastIhavefound.WithequalpassionIhavesoughtknowledge.Ihavewishedtounderstandtheheartsofmen.Ihavewishedtoknowwhythestarsshine.Alittleofthis,butnotmuch,Ihaveachieved.Loveandknowledge,sofatastheywerepossible,ledupwardrewardtheheavens.Butalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Echoesofcriesofpainreverberatedinmyheart.Childreninfamine,victimstorturedbyoppressors,helplessoldpeopleahaledburdentotheirsons,andthewholeworldofloneliness,poverty,andpainmakeamockeryofwhathumanlifeshouldbe.Ilongtoalleviatetheevil,butIcannot,andItoosuffer.Thishasbeenmylife.Ihavefounditworthliving,andIwouldgladlyliveitagainifthechancewereofferedtome.武汉大学05翻译PartIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation(20%)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.1.AmericanhopesthatpressurefromtheU.S.willforceJapantosuddenlydismantleitstradebarriersarealmostcertaintoevaporateindisappointment.ThefactisthatWashingtonfacesanobstaclefarmoreformidablethanafewpowerbrokersinTokyo'sgovernmentoffices.Itmustbuckcenturies-old,deeplyingrainedJapanesecustoms.TomovetheJapanesegovernment,Washingtonmustmoveanentirenation.Sofar,theU.S.hashadonlylimitedsuccessdespitecongressionalthreatstoretaliate.InanApril9nationwidebroadcast,PrimeMinisterYasuhiroNakasoneurgedtheJapanesetobuymoreimportedgoodsandunveiledalong-awaitedthree-yearplantoeaseimportrestrictions.ButhisprogramwasfarshortofwhatWashingtonhopedtosee.WhiteHouseChiefofStaffDonaldRegansaidtheJapaneseoffered“fewneworimmediatemeasures.”Whiletheplandidpromisefewercurbsonimportsoftelecommunicationsgear,medicineandmedicalequipment,itofferednoreliefforAmericanforestproduct—whichareamongthemostcontentioustradeissues.NakasonegiveseverysignofbeingsincereinhisdesiretoreduceaJapanesesurplusintradewiththeU.S.thathit36.8billiondollarsin1984andcouldsoontop50billion.2.YettorelyonanyoneJapanesepoliticalleader,nomatterhowpopularheisathome,toreversetradepoliciesistounderestimatethecultureandtraditionsthatweighheavilyagainstabreakthrough.BigbusinessanddozensofanonymousbureaucratshaveasmuchpowerasJapan'stopselectedleaders.“Thewholeconceptthatwecanturnthisaroundrightnowispatentlyridiculous,”saysanAmericantraderwhohaslivedandworkedheresince1952.“Thevestedinterestsarebeingshakenandslowlymoved,butatapacetooslowfortheeyetofollow.”ThatviewisechoedbyaU.S.diplomatcloselyinvolvedintheeffortstoopenJapanesemarketstoAmericangoods,Washington'sstocksolutiontotheballooningtradeimbalance.3.“Japanisarelationshipsocietyratherthanatransactionalsociety,”hesays.“Youcannotalterthatkindofasystemwithatelevisionspeechorabatchofgeneralproposals,nomatterhowwellintentionedtheyare.”Beyondspecifictariffsorotherofficialbarrierstoimports,expertsheresaythattheU.S.facestheseobstacles:NearlytotaldominationoftheJapanesemarketbyafewdozengiantconglomeratesthatstronglyopposeeventokencompetition-beitfromabroadoremergingdomesticfirms・Anelite,thicklylayeredbureaucracythathistoricallyhasdraftedlawsandregulationsaswellasenforcedthem,andbothofthesepowerswouldbethreatenedbytradereforms・Alongtimerelationshipbetweenbusinessandgovernmentthatcriticssayfosterscollusionandhindersforeignentryintodomesticmarkets・AdamantsupportforimportrestrictionsamongJapanesefarmers,oneofthemostpowerfulpoliticalforces・4・Ahighlydevelopedsenseofloyaltytoestablishedpracticesandrelationshipsthatoftenoutweighsany“duty”tosocietyasawholeor,insomecases,evenpersonalbestinterest・Esteemforcautionandconsensusindecisionmakingatallsociallevels,andconversely,resentmentofgovernmentalfiatsorone-man-evenifthatmanistheheadofgovernment・CompoundingWashington'sproblemisNakasone'sweakpositionwithinhisownparty,theLiberalDemocrats,whohaveruledJapanfor30years・Hisstandingissocomplexandfragilethathehasbeenforcedtoyieldallbutthreeof21cabinetpositionstorivalpoliticalfactions・Hiscabinetcolleaguesarefarlesscommittedthanheistotradereforms,makingitdifficultforthePrimeMinistertomuscleproposalsthrougheitherthebureaucracyortheDiet,Japan'sparliament・Theexistenceof“Japan,Inc・”-theconceptofanentirenationconspiringtoadvanceeconomicallyatanycost-isatopicofdebateamongbothJapaneseandoutsiders.Butthereisnodisputeoverhowthesystemactuallyworks・PartIIIChinese-EnglishTranslation(20%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET・1、他是个极其自负的怪人。除非事情与自己有关，否则他从来不屑对世界或世人瞧上一眼。对他来说，他不仅是世界上最重要的人物，而且在他眼里，他是唯一活在世界上的人。他认为自己是世界上最伟大的戏剧家之一、最伟大的思想家之一、最伟大的作曲家之一。听听他的谈话，仿佛他就是莎士比亚、柏拉图、贝多芬三人集于一身。想要听到他的高论十分容易，他是世界上最能使人精疲力竭的健谈者之一。同他度过一个夜晚，就是听他一个人滔滔不绝的说上一晚。有时，他才华横溢；有时，他又令人极其厌烦。但无论是妙趣横生还是枯燥无味，他的谈话只有一个主题：他自己，他的所思所为。2、他狂妄地认为自己总是正确的。任何人在最无足轻重的问题上露出丝毫的异议，都会激起他的谴责。他可能会一连好几个小时滔滔不绝，千方百计地证明自己如何如何正确。有了这种使人耗尽心力的雄辩本事，听者最后都被他弄得头昏脑胀，耳朵发聋，为了图个清静，只好同意他的说法。武汉大学06翻译PartIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation(20%,1=5points)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET・Tsunamisareimpulsivelygeneratedseawavesbyadisturbanceatorneartheocean・(1)Earthquakes,submarinevolcanicexplosions,landslidesandthedetonationofnucleardevicesneattheseacangiverisetosuchdestructiveseawaves・Byfarthemostdestructivetsunamisaregeneratedfromlargeshallow-focusearthquakeswithanepicenterorfaultlinenearorintheocean・Verticaldisplacementsoftheearth'scrustalongtheruptureresultingfromsuchearthquakescangeneratedestructivetsunamiwaveswhichcantravelacrossanoceanspreadingdestructionacrosstheirpath・Similardisplacementsoftheoceanfloorcanalsobeproducedbyvolcaniceruptionsandsubmarineavalanchesorlandslides・However,thesesourceareconsideredaspointsourcesand,althoughthetsunamiwavesgeneratedcanbeverydestructivelocally,theenergyofthewavesisrapidlydissipatedastheytravelacrosstheocean・Toforecasttsunamisanddetermineterminalrun-upanddestructiveness,onemustbeabletoevaluatetheparametersofthetsunamisourcemechanisminrealtime,oftenfrominadequatedate・(2)Tsunamisourcemechanismanalysisisdifficultgiventhetimeconstraintsofawarningsituation・Itwillsufficetosaythatforecastingtherun-upandpotentialdestructivenessofatsunamiatadistantshorewilldependgreatlyondeterminingtheseismicparametersofthesourcelocationsuchasmagnitudeoftheearthquake,itsdepth,itsorientation,thelengthofthefaultline,thesizeofthecrustaldisplacements,anddepthofthewater・(3)Refraction(折射)anddiffraction(衍射)processeswillaffecttheenergyandheightofthetsunamiwavesastheytravelacrosstheocean・Threeeffectsmustalsobedetermined・Finally,terminalheight,run-up,andinundationofthetsunamiatapointofimpactwilldependupontheenergyfocusingeffect,thetravelpathofthewaves,thecoastalconfiguration,andtheoffshorebathymetry,onlytonameafew・Tsunamirun-upistheverticaldistancebetweenthemaximumheightreachedbythewateronshoreandthemean-sea-levelsurface.(4)Contrarytometeorologicalpredictions,tsunamirum-up,thefinalproductofearthquakeandtsunamiinvestigationsifnotpossibletoforecastwithagreatdegreeofaccuracy.Thereasonforthisinadequatedataandinformation.Problemsofcommunicationsandlackofsufficientstationdensity,oftencomplicatetheprocess.Forecastingtsunamisrequiresadequateunderstandingofthephenomenon,goodandexpeditiouscollectionofearthquakeandsealeveldata,andaccurateandexpeditiousassessmentandinterpretationofthisdata.PartIIIChinese-EnglishTranslation(20%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.语言学无疑是学术领域争论最热门的话题。它浸淫着诗人、神学者、哲学家、语言学家、心理学家、生物学家和神经学家的血液，融入了文法家的方方面面。目前以“语言学家”之名从事的大多数工作纯粹是描述性的；语言学家试图不通过价值判断或尝试绘制出未来语言发展的方向就来澄清语言的本质。但是，有许多专业人士和业余爱好者也在制定语言规则，他们规定除专门标准让大家遵守。而规定语法学家(prescriptivists)可能是想勾画出他们猜想什么是所谓的“错误的用法”，描写语言学家(descriptivists)却试图找到这种画法的根源；他们可能仅仅把它描述为“特殊的”，或者可能想找到规定语法学家不喜欢的规律性。规定语法学家之所以不喜欢这些规律，要么是因为它太新，要么是因为它源自一种他们不认可的方言。20世纪下半叶，规定性语法的传统受到越来越激烈的批评，这可以从他们反对的调子越来越弱得到证明，但规定性语法的传统还远远没有消亡。四川大学06翻译PARTA(15%)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.PleasewriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.Municipalsewageisofrelativelyrecentoriginasapollutant.Itwasfirstbroughttopublicattentioninthe19thcenturybyaLondonphysicianwhoshowedthatthecity'scholeraoutbreakhadbeencausedbyjustoncontaminatedwell.Eventhoughthecontaminationofdrinkingwaterbydiseasegermshasbeennearlyeliminatedinthiscountry,hundredsofcommunitiesarestilldischargingrawsewageintostreamsandrivers.Theproblemofmunicipalsewagedisposaliscomplicatedbythefactthat,yearsago,mostcitiescombinedtheirstormandwastedisposalsewers.Manyofthesecombinedsystemsworkwell,butotherscannotcopewithsuddenheavyrains.Whensuchstormsoccur,watermixedwithsewagemayfloodanddisabletreatmentplantsunlessbypassed,untreated,intoastream.Ineithercase,thepeoplemayhavelittleprotectionforseveraldaysfromthesewastesthatmaycontaindiseasegerms.Oneconsequenceofpollution,usuallyresultingfromthedischargeofeitherrawortreatedsewagewastesintowatersources,isanincreaseinnutrientlevelsinthesewaters.Thesehighernutrientdecompositionofaquaticplantsdepletetheoxygencontentinthesewaterscausingdecaywhich,inturn,mayproduceanundesirabletaste,odor,colorandturbidity.Increasingnutrientcontentsmayalsoresultinanincreaseinmoreundesirablespeciesofaquaticlife.Allthesefactormakethewaterunfitfordomestic,industrialandrecreationalpurpose.PARTB(15%,3markeach)Directions:Translatethefollowing5sentencesintoEnglish.PleasewriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.72、去年，不只是景区的旅游业得到了较好的发展，那里的旅游资源也得到了很好的保护。73、那个年轻人宁愿继续干他在公司的信息技术工作，也不愿去考研。74、直到买了一辆自己的车，软件设计员才意识到开车，特别是在高速公路上开车，是一大乐趣。75、总经理接受了顾问提出的企业立即发展外向型经济的建议。76、多数科学家这样认为，这项新技术正在对我们的生活产生积极影响，但是科学的发展决不应该以牺牲社会道德和人类的长期利益为代价。中国人民大学03年翻译PartA(10points)Direction:TranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEETTheRenaissanceembraced,firstofall,animpressiverecordofnewachievementsinart,literature,science,philosophy,educationandreligion.Althoughthefoundationofmanyofthesewasclassical,theysoonexpandedbeyondthemeasureofGreekandRomaninfluence.Indeed,manyoftheachievementsinpainting,science,politicsandreligionborelittlerelationtotheclassicalheritage.Secondly,theRenaissanceincorporatedanumberofdominantidealsandattitudesthatgaveittheimpressofauniquesociety.Notableamongtheseingeneralwereoptimism,andindividualism;butthemostsignificantofthemallwashumanism.Initsbroadestmeaninghumanismmaybedefinedasemphasisonthehumanvalues.ItwasatermderivedfromCicero,whouseditinthesenseofdevotiontotheliberalarts,orthesubjectsmostcompatiblewiththedignityofman.ThehumanistsrejectedtheScholasticphilosophywithitspreoccupationwiththeologyandlogic.Theystroveforasmoothandelegantstylethatwouldappealmoretotheaestheticthantotherationalsideofman'snature.PartB(10points)Direction:TranslationthefollowingChineseparagraphintoEnglishonyourANSWERSHEET.由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学所授课业也还是相当粗浅的知识。大学的研究所只是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法和实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确是有浓厚的兴趣。中国人民大学04年翻译PartA.(10points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.Onemightaskwhyspeculationispermittedwhenthereissorealadangerofloss.Thebasicreasonisthatspeculationcanperformusefulfunctionsintheeconomy.Buyingacommodityorstockinthebeliefthatpriceswillrisespeedsmarketequilibriumandencouragesfasterentryofmoresuppliers.Ifthepricechangelaggeduntilafteranactualcommodityshortagehadoccurred,thefluctuationwouldprobablybesharperandmoresudden.Remedialsupplyactioncouldnotbefurtherdelayed.Similarly,ifspeculatorsforeseeasurplusinsomecommodity,theirsellingoffutureswillhelpdrivethepricedowntosomeextentbeforetheSurplusactuallyoccurs.Whenspeculatorsforeseeashortageandbiduptheprice,theyarealsohelpingtoconservethepresentsupply.Asthepricegoesup,lessofthecommodityispurchased;ariseinpriceencouragesuserstoeconomize.Similarly,aloweringofpriceencouragesuserstobuymore,thushelpingtosellthesurpluswhichisdeveloping.PartB.(10points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingintoEnglishonyourANSWERSHEET.中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。中国人民大学07年翻译71.English-ChineseTranslation(10%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonyourAnswerSheetII.Itgoeswithoutsaying,then,thatlanguageisalsoapoliticalinstrument,means,andproofofpower.Itisthemostvividandcrucialkeytoidentity:Itrevealstheprivateidentity,aridconnectsonewith,ordivorcesonefrom,thelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity.Therehavebeen,andare,times,andplaces,whentospeakacertainlanguagecouldbedangerous,evenfatal.Or,onemayspeakthesamelanguage,butinsuchawaythatone'santecedentsarerevealed,or(onehopes)hidden.ThisistrueinFrance,andisabsolutelytrueinEngland:Therange(andreign)ofaccentsonthatdamplittleislandmakeEnglandcoherentfortheEnglishandtotallyincomprehensibleforeveryoneelse.ToopenyourmouthinEnglandis(ifImayuseblackEnglish)to"putyourbusinessinthestreet":Youhaveconfessedyourparents,youryouth,yourschool,yoursalary,yourself-esteem,and,alas,yourfuture.72.Chinese-English,Translation(19%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationonyourAnswerSheetII.美国财政部长亨利•保尔森昨天以上海为终点结束了他对亚洲三国的访问。作为美国总统的首席经济政策顾问和最主要的经济事业发言人，保尔森昨天上午在上海期货交易所所发表的主题讲演被认为是布什政府对华经济政策的最新阐述。在昨天的讲演中，保尔森多次强调中国的经济增长不仅不具有威胁性，而且对全球经济的增长有好处。他表示，美国欢迎中国发展并成为全球经济中的一员北理工05翻译参考答案A.1．我们不是因为种族和肤色的不同而犯错误，也不是因为性别的不同、年龄的长幼。我们不是因为我们想犯错误而犯了选择或判断的错误。我们都会犯错误，因为我们是普通人。犯错误，做出错误判断和做愚蠢的事都是人类的一部分。我们不能隐瞒自己是谁，也不能躲避我们所做的。当我们承认了我们的错误和过失并敢于面对自己的缺点时，没有人会用这些来指责我们。2．我们首先要对自己负责任。我们可以帮助别人。我们不能让我们为别人做的事或别人为我们做的事显得比我们为自己做的事更重要。当我们发现有些事或有些人给我们的生活带来不想要的东西时，我们必须鼓起勇气和力量去制止他们。这样做，我们就得到了自我保护了。B.Afewyearsago,IgottoknowayoungChinese.Hewasverycleverbuthighlyself-willedandhewaseagertogotoUSAforcollegeeducationbutfailedtogetadmittedbyIvy&MiamiUniversity,whichheappliedfor.Luckily,hereceivedthescholarshipfromanartcollege,whichisasmall-scaledandlesswell-knownuniversityamongthewell-educatedAmericans.AndthisuniversityisrarelyknowninChina.AlltheAmericanswhohadheardhisexperiencewerefeelinghappyforhim.Buttheyoungmanhimselfwasanxiousandconfused，fortheschoolsrankedbehindandhisclassmatesseldomheardofitandtheircongratulationsarefew.washis“success”afailure?Shouldhehavestayedinthetopuniversity,whichhadadmittedhiminBeijing?OrshouldhehavetransferredtoanAmericanuniversitythathethoughtwouldhaveadmittedhim?Hewasstillhesitatingwhentimewasupthathehadtoleave.Andheevenshowedregrettohisfriends.Thiswasanexampleshowinghowharmfultheplaceoftheschoolfameorpopularityistoyoungpeople.However,itwasimpossibleforyoungpeopletowhatisthebestuniversitybecauseeveryonehashisorherowncriteria.Evenifallofthemmayagreewithcertaincriteria,theymanystillhaveparticularopinionsandevaluationsoftheirown,whichreflecttheincompletenessoftheinformationontheschooltheymayhave.Maybeonepaysparticularattentiontothequalityoftheschool'slibrary,anotheremphasizestheconvenienceofusingcomputer,andotherpeoplemaythinkitisimportantforthecommunicationbetweenteachersandstudents,ratherthanthequalityofthelibraryorcomputerroom.Ifso,howcoulditbedecided?北理工06翻译参考答案SectionA21．每一个人都会有一些感到惭愧的、害怕的或内疚的事情。我们每一个人，都在按照自己的方式，运用一些方法多多少少的来处理我们的黑暗面；我们可能知道如何去隐藏，但却很少有人知道如何去治愈它。当我们拒绝承认过去所做的事时，我们也阻挡了想未来前进的道路。不管我们认为自己有多可怕，是多么地低劣，或是曾经沦落到何种地步，我们都可以洗尽前尘，从头再来。22．我们耗费如此多的精力试图去弄明白自己是谁，却很少真正的了解自己。当我们意识到生活是多么宝贵时，我们就不会浪费片刻试图去改进它了。如果我们真正领悟到我们自己对生活的真谛是多么宝贵时，，我们也就不会浪费时间去定位修善自己了。23．只有我们知道自己的价值时，我们才能知道自己的用处。我们用到的事物以及我们做出的每一个选择都反映出我们相信自己是谁。我们的灵感来自于自我接受，我们的动机来自于自我依赖。当我们接受自己并依靠自己时，我们会自我感觉良好。当你对某事感觉良好时，你就会相信它。当你相信它的时候，它就会为你工作。24．你的过去怎么样给你造成的影响很小。对你真正重要的是眼前。你不必在乎其他人正在说什么或做什么。当你全身心照顾自己的时候，你很少有时间去关注别人。人们可能会喜欢你，讨厌你，忽视你或是对你进行言语攻击。但是不管别人想什么，做什么或说什么都不会影响到真正的你。仅仅只有在你的思维中你才能树立或破你的“自我”尊严。尊严始于你，也终于你。当你拥有它的时候，你就会拥有它，任何人不能将其夺走。SectionB:Nowadays，millionsofAmericansareindulgedinthepursuitofslimshape.Theyarefascinatedindietandexercise,notjustbecausetheyareseekingyoungoutlook.Arecentstudyhasshowedthatdietandexerciseareextremelyimportanttobodyhealth.Justasinmanyindustrialdevelopedcountries,thelifestyleofNorthAmericanshaschangedremarkably.Modernmachineshaveaccomplishedmuchlaborworkthatwasoncedonebyhand.CarsandBusestakepeoplefromoneplacetoanotherataveryquickspeed.Withnothingtodo,manypeoplearelikelytobecomeweakandgetdisease.Inordertoavoidthishappening,millionsofAmericansspendmuchtimeindoingsports.Realizingtheimportanceofphysicalexercisehasproducedobviousoutcomes.Parksarefullofstrollersandcyclists,theprestigeofsportsprogrammehasbeenresumedandmanycompaniesprovidespecialsportsfacilitiesfortheiremployeestodoexercisesduringworkdays.北理工07翻译参考答案(略)中国政法05翻译参考答案SectionA(15points)水是有限的自然资源，是公众生命和健康的根本。对于有尊严的人类生活而言，获得水资源的权力是不可缺少的。此项权力是人类其他各项权力得以实现的先决条件。委员会已经连续遇到在发展中国家和发达国家都普遍发生的否认水资源获得权案例。10亿以上的人口无法获得基本的水供应，几十亿人口没有充足的卫生设施，而卫生设施的欠缺又恰恰是水污染和与水相关疾病的主要诱因。持续的污染，损耗和水资源的不均衡分配正在加剧现存的贫困状况。各国应摒弃歧视，采用有效措施来实现人来获得说资源的权利。SectionB(15points)Peaceanddevelopmentarestillthetwomainsubjectsofthepresentworld.Tomaintaintheworldpeace,enhancetheinternationalcooperationandpromotethecommondevelopmentisthedesireofallthepeopleintheworld.Atpresent,theseriousproblemssuchaspoverty,unemployment,refugees,crimes,populationexpansion,environmentdeterioration,drugabuse,terrorismgreatlyimpactthestabilityanddevelopmentoftheworld.AlthoughChinahasadifferentsituationwiththewesterncountries,theyhavethecoherentinterestinmanyimportantinternationalissues.I'mdelightedwiththeimprovementandprogressoftherelationshipbetweenChinaandthewesterncountries.Onthebasisofmutualtrustandequalityandmutualbenefits,Chinesegovernmentanditspeoplearewillingtocontributetotheprogressofpeaceanddevelopment,togetherwiththeworldwidegovernmentsandpeopleincludingthewesterncountries.中国政法06翻译参考答案(略)北师大06翻译参考答案PartATranslationTranslatethefollowingintoChinese(20points)在过去的几十年，美国电视和技术官员一直在承诺，除了可以利用遥控切换频道外，将来人们还可以用遥控做其他的事情。我们现在已经看到结果怎样了。象微软这样的网络电视尝试就失败了。然而在英国