高中英语人教版必修二-Unit3-课文内容7644

高中英语人教版必修二-Unit3-课文内容必修二Unit3课文内容1.IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.本句是由并列连词and连接的并列句。and后的句子中before引导时间状语从句。△before引导时间状语从句before引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境译作“过了……（时间）才……”，“还没来得及……就……”或“在……之前”。Theywalkedabout30milesbeforetheysawavillage.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.△before常用于以下句型中：⑴Itwas+时间段+before...“过了……才……”，从句常用一般过去时。⑵Itwasnotlongbefore...“不久就……”，从句常用一般过去时。⑶Itwillnotbelongbefore...“不久就会……”，从句常用一般现在时。⑷Itwillbe+时间段+before...“要过……才……”，从句常用一般现在时。4.Anyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.本句为简单句。mygoal为主语；动词不定式短语toprovide...为表语；ofhighquality作定语，修饰alife.△“of+名词”结构“of+名词”结构可在句中作表语、定语和补语。该结构可分为两类：⑴名词有相应的形容词时，“of+名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value,use,important,help,interest,benefit等。它们可用no,some,any,little,much,great等词修饰。Theyareofgreathelp(=veryhelpful)toEnglishlearners.Infact,sportscanbeofgreatbenefit(=verybeneficial)toourhealth.⑵名次没有相应的形容词时，“of+名词”没有相应的形容词形式。color,weight,quality,height,price,opinion,shape,kind,way等，这些名词前的限定词常常见的名词有age,size,为a,an,thesame等。Mr.Smith,myteacher,isofthesameopinion.Weareofthesameage.Tomisofadifferentwayofthinking.练习：⑴–ThisbookbyTonyGarrisionis______forourcourse.–ButIthinkhislatestoneisbetterworthreading.A.uselessB.ofnouseD.greatusefulC.ofgreatuse⑵完成句子①这项工程对每个人都大有好处。Thisprojectis______________________________(benefit)toeveryone.②同时，性别差异的主题也很有趣。Also,thetopicofsexdifferencesis____________________________(interest).③在这个地区，我们学校的教学质量是最好的。Ourschooleducationis________________________(quality)inthisarea.5.AstimesentbyIdidresearchintohowtomakemyradio.本句中astimesentby为as引导的时间状语从句，howtomakemyradio作介词into的宾语。△as引导的时间状语从句⑴as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着，当……”，强调主从句的谓语动作同时发生。Asshotsrang,peoplecouldbeseenrunningoutofthebuilding.⑵as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”。HeisasoldasI(am).⑶as引导方式状语从句，意为“照……的方式”。WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.⑷as引导原因状语，意为“因为，由于”。”Asshehasnocar,shecan’tgetthereeasily.⑸as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，此时从句需用部分倒装结构。Happyas/thoughtheywere,therewassomethingmissing.Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.练习：⑴Stupid______itsounds,IwassoinlovewithherthatIbelievedher.A.althoughD.whenB.asC.while⑵Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,_______historycannotbechanged.A.thoughD.unlessB.asC.since⑶完成句子①我们最好快一点，因为天就要黑了。hurry,Wehadbetter_________________________________________.②尽管她已经很累了，但她想睡觉是没有指望的。___________________________________,therewasnohopeofherbeingabletosleep.③详细的调查显示多达50%的病人没有遵照指示服药。Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50%ofpatientsdonottakedrugs____________________________.(direct)6.Sheprogramsuswithallthepossiblemovesshehasseenwhilewatchinghumangames.本句为主从复合句。shehasseenwhilewatchinghumangames是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词moves；该定语从句中的whilewatchinghumangames为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式应为whileshewaswatchinghumangames.△状语从句的省略省略现象一般出现在下列五种状语从句中：①由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句；②由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句；③由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；④由as,than等引导的比较状语从句；⑤由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。遵循以下原则：⑴当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。这时从句中可出现如下结构：①连词+名词/形容词/介词短语While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork,Imether.②连词+现在分词（现在分词与主句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，且现在分词表示的动作与主句谓语动作同时发生）While(Iwas)waiting,Iwasreadingsomemagazines.③连词+过去分词（过去分词与主句主语为逻辑上的动宾关系）When(itis)heated,icecanbechangedintowater.④连词+不定式（构成不定式的动词与主句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，且不定式表示的动作即将发生）Hestoodupasif(hewas)tosaysomething.⑵当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是it时，从句又含有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一同省略。If(itis)necessary,I’llcometomorrow.练习：⑴Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,______,reaching30℃insummer.A.ifnotC.ifanyB.ifeverD.ifso⑵用括号内词的适当形式填空①While________(visit)thecity,theyreceivedawarmwelcome②Once________(begin),itmustbedonewell.③When________(ask)toanswerquestions,youshouldstandup.④Heoftenmakesmistakeswhen________(speak)English.⑤Unless________(repair),themachineisofnouse.⑥Shestoodatthegateasif________(wait)forsomeone.⑶完成句子：①He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif______________possible.②Heopenedthebox,asif__________________insearchofsomethingimportant.7.Afterall,withthehelpofmyelectronicbrainwhichneverforgetsanything,usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout!本句是主从复合句，介词短语withthehelpof...中含有which引导的定语从句，先行词为brain；usingmyintelligenceiswhatI’mallabout是句子的主干部分，其中动名词短语usingmyintelligence作主语，whatI’mallabout是what引导的表语从句。△动名词（短语）做主语⑴单个的动名词（短语）做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，一般来说，动名词（短语）做主语表示习惯性、经常性的动作。Talkingisanart.LearningEnglishwellisnoteasy.②动名词（短语）作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。此类的常用句型有：nouse/gooddoingsth.做某事没用uselessdoingsth.做某事没用worthwhile/worthdoingsth.做It某事是值得的Itisnousewaitinghere.Itisnogood/usecomplaining.It’sworthwhilehelpingothers.△⑴important,necessary,possible,impossible,essential等形容词用于形式主语结构中，用动词不定式充当真正主语。It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.⑵动名词与动词不定式都可以做主语或宾语。动名词通常表示习惯性、经常性的行为；动词不定式则往往表示具体的一次性的动作。Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.练习：⑴用括号内词的适当形式填空①________(say)iseasierthan____________.②It’snouse________(cry)overthesplitmilk.③It’snecessary________(keep)theroomclean.④________(finish)thetaskinsuchashorttimeishardforme.⑵________yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.A.UnderstandingB.TobeunderstoodC.BeingunderstoodD.Havingunderstood现在完成时的被动语态1.现在完成时的被动语态的形式现在完成时的被动语态的基本构成是：have/hasbeendone。但在不同的句式中，其具体形式也有所不同。⑴肯定句形式主语+have/hasbeendone+其他ThebridgeovertheYellowRiverhasjustbeencompleted.Thechickenhasbeenstewedfortwohours.⑵否定句形式主语+have/hasnotbeendone+其他Theyhaven’tbeentoldtheexcitingnewyet,havethey?Thesecond-handcarhasnotbeensold.⑶一般疑问句形式Have/Has+主语+beendone+其他–Hasherworkbeenfinished?–Yes,ithas.⑷特殊疑问句形式特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone+其他Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?2.现在完成时的被动语态用法⑴表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already,yet,never,recently等副词及时间状语sofar,bynow,uptillnow,since等连用。Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.(现在已不用打扫房间)Thedoctorhasn’tbeensentforyet.（现在应派人去请医生）真题：①Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement__________sofarbythetwosides.A.hasbeenreachedB.wasreachedC.willreachD.willhavereached②Shakespeare’splayHamlet__________intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmadeC.hasbeenmadeB.wasmadeD.wouldbemade③EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_________beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedpromisedB.wereD.haveC.havepromisedbeenpromised⑵表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语（从句）连用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.Howlonghastheprojectbeencarriedout?⑶用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。We’llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.真题：Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_________.A.arebeingmadeC.havebeenmadeB.willbemadeD.hadbeenmade从句中的动作若要表示比谓语动作之前发生，遵循以下原则：主句：一般现在时/一般将来时从句：现在完成时主句：一般过去时从句：过去完成时3.现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项⑴现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been，缺一不可。⑵现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响（或产生了结果）。Thebigfirewasputouttwohoursago.Thebigfirehasbeenputout.真题：①Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but______thankfullybytheshopwindow.A.amheldbackholdbackB.heldbackC.D.washeldback②–Didyouenjoytheparty?–Yes,we________wellbyourhosts.A.weretreatedtreatedB.wouldbetreatedC.D.hadtreated③Thediamondmine________accidentallybyalittleboywhenhewasplayinghide-and-seek.A.discoveredB.wasdiscoveredD.wouldC.hasbeendiscovereddiscovered⑶finish,buy,start,begin,return,borrow,join,open等非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这个工程开始多久了？【误】Howlonghasthisprojectbeenstarted?【正】Howlongagowasthisprojectstarted?⑷只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，讲主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，例如：主动：Wehavebuiltmanybridgesinthepasttenyears.被动：Manybridgeshavebeenbuilt(byus)inthepasttenyears.⑸带有双宾语的动词，如：give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,sell,buy,ask,pay,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保持不变，但要注意间接宾语与介词的搭配。主动：Hehassentmeane-mail.被动：Ihavebeensentane-mail.被动：Ane-mailhasbeensenttome.⑹短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.练习：I．将主动句变为被动句或被动句变为主动句1.MyfatherhasrepairedtheTVset._____________________________________________________________________2.Theteacherhasborrowedthebooks._____________________________________________________________________3.Theyhaveaskedhimsomequestions._____________________________________________________________________4.Thecakehasbeeneatenbyhim._____________________________________________________________________5.Thehousehasbeensetfiretobyhim._____________________________________________________________________II.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Alotofsurvivors________(rescue)bythesoldiersinthatareawheretheearthquakehappenedsinceyesterday.2.Thetopic________(talk)aboutforalongtimeontheInternet.3.–Whynotgointothereadingroom?–Thedoor________(lock).4.________yournewnovel________(translated)intoEnglishrecently?5.Thesportsmeetingofourschool________(put)offbecauseofbadweather.6.Bynowthehouse________(paint)twice.7.Thenews________(give)awaysofar.’8.Bythetim