国际交流英语视听说

国际交流英语视听说第1页/共46页Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?Howmuchdoyouthinkaliterofgascostwhenthesepumpswereinuse?Howwouldyourlifebedifferentifgasolinecosttwiceasmuchasitdoesnow?ApairofvintagegaspumpsinadesertlandscapeQuestions第2页/共46页

ExampleAnswer1Automobileswerefirstmass-producedaround110yearsago.Thepumpsdon’tlookthatold,butIthinkthepumpsareprobably70or80yearsold.Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?Questions第3页/共46页

ExampleAnswer2Ithinkthepumpsare50or60yearsold.Gaspumpsolderthanthathadlargeglasscontainersontop.Youpumpedthegasolineintothecontainer.Thengravitymovedthegasdownahoseandintoyourcar’sgastank.Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?Questions第4页/共46页

ExampleAnswer3Idon’tthinkthepumpsareveryold.They’vebeenoutside,sotheweatherhaswornawaythepaint.Butthedesignisfairlymodern,sotheymightbe30or40yearsold.Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?Questions第5页/共46页Howwouldyourlifebedifferentifgasolinecosttwiceasmuchasitdoesnow?

ExampleAnswer1Mylifewouldbeverydifferentbecausemyfamilyhasacar.Myparentsuseittogotowork,togoshopping,andtogooutatnight.Ifgascosttwiceasmuch,wewouldusethecarless,andonlyfornecessarytrips.Inaddition,thepriceofmanythingswouldalsogoup,sowemightnothaveenoughmoneytobuyallthethingswebuynow.Questions第6页/共46页Howwouldyourlifebedifferentifgasolinecosttwiceasmuchasitdoesnow?

ExampleAnswer2MylifewouldnotbeverydifferentbecauseIusuallywalkorrideabicycle.Ialsobuymostofmyfoodfromlocalfarmers,andhighergaspriceswouldn’taffectthemmuch.Idon’tbuyalotofclothing,electronics,orothergoods,sohigherpricesonthosethingswouldn’taffectmeverymuch.Questions第7页/共46页Lookatthephotosandthegraphicandreadthecaptions.Thendiscussthequestions.Basedontheinformationinthegraphic,whatisthemajorityofoilusedfor?Whataresomeofthethingsoilisusedforbesidestransportation?WhatalternativestooilarebeingusedinChina?Afteroil第8页/共46页Inourdailylives,weuseoilforawidevarietyofthings—fromfuelforourcarstomedicinetosportsshoestoplasticbagsandwaterbottles.Manypeoplebelievethatourconsumptionofoilisreachingitspeak.Oilwillneverbeascheapandcommonasitisnow.Thisgraphicshowshowatypicalbarrelofoilisused.(1barrel=42gallonsor159liters)Afteroil第9页/共46页Somescientistssaywemustshifttoalternativeformsofenergytoprepareforthetimewhenoursupplyofoilwillbedepleted.Findingsubstitutesforoilwillbeapriorityforscientistsandcountriesinthecomingyears.Afteroil第10页/共46页Basedontheinformationinthegraphic,whatisthemajorityofoilusedfor?

ExampleAnswersThemajorityofoilisusedfortransportation.Gasolineforcars,dieselfuelfortrucks,fuelforships,andjetfuelforplanescomprisethemajorityofoilusage.Heatingoilandoilforotherproductsmakeuponlyaroundaquarteroftheoilconsumed.Afteroil第11页/共46页Whataresomeofthethingsoilisusedforbesidestransportation?ExampleAnswersBesidestransportation,oilisalsousedforheating,manufacturing,andformakingelectricity,plastics,shoesandclothing,medicines,cosmetics,andotherproducts.Afteroil第12页/共46页WhatalternativestooilarebeingusedinChina?ExampleAnswersChinahasbeeninvestinglargeamountsofmoneyinrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarpowerandwindenergy.Chinaalsohasmanyhydroelectricdamsaswellasnuclearandthermoelectricpowerplants.Afteroil第13页/共46页RonSteinberg罗恩·斯坦伯格（人名）LeilaSparks利拉·斯帕克斯（人名）Listening1第14页/共46页C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcirclethecorrectwordtocompleteeachstatement.Listening1AnswerKeys1.19702.harder3.decrease4.higher5.small6.pessimistic第15页/共46页RonSteinberg:Thanksforcoming,everyone.I’msureyouallhaveotherthingstodowithyourfreetime,butourtopictonightisanimportantone.I’mRonSteinberg,andI’mthepresidentofFutureFuelsInternational.We’rea...we’reagroupofscientistsworkingtofindsubstitutesforfossilfuelsofallkinds.Tonight,though,I’mgoingtotrytoanswersomeofyourquestionsaboutthepeakoiltheory.Beforewe...beforewegetstarted,itturnsoutthatyougettwospeakersthiseveninginsteadofone.Dr.LeilaSparksfromLomaxPetroleumisalsohere,andI’llletherintroduceherself.Dr.Sparks?LeilaSparks:Thankyou,Ron.AsMr.Steinbergmentioned,Iworkforacompanythatmakesavarietyofpetroleumproducts.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第16页/共46页LeilaSparks:Naturally,oilisessentialforourcompany,sowe’realsoconcernedabouttheworld’soilsupplybeingdepleted.Onedifference,though...well,themaindifferencebetweenMr.Steinbergandmeisthatourscientiststellustherearestillenormousamountsofoiltobefound.We’repushingformoreexplorationtofindthosenewoilwells.RonSteinberg:Allright...Well,beforewetakeyourquestions,I’lldoaquickintroductiontothepeakoiltheory.Firstoff,weknowthescientistswilltellyouthatoilisanon-renewableresource.Oilwasformedinadifferenteraoftheearth’shistory,sooncewedepletethesupplyofoilwehavenow,that’sit.ThetheoryofpeakoilcamefromDr.M.KingHubbert.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第17页/共46页RonSteinberg:Backin1956,Hubbertusedmathematicalmodels,andhethought,hepredictedthatsometimebetween1968and1972,theUnitedStateswouldproduceasmuchoilasitwasevergoingtoproduce.Inotherwords,thatwouldbethepeakofU.S.oilproduction.Infact,oilproductionintheU.S.hasbeendecliningsince1970,soDr.Hubbertwasright.TheU.S.isstillextractingoil,buttheoilwellsareinhard-to-reachplaces...placeslikeAlaskaortheGulfofMexico,andasthelevelofoilinthosewellsgoesdown,ittakesalotmoreworktoextractit,too.MaleStudent:CanIaskaquestion?RonSteinberg:Absolutely.That’swhatwe’reherefortonight.MaleStudent:I’dliketoknowwhatDr.Hubbert’smodelshavetosayabouttheworld’soilsupply.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第18页/共46页LeilaSparks:Icananswerthatone.Infact,engineerstellusthatoilproductionwillprobablycontinuetoincreaseforthenext20yearsorso.Sothatmeans,they’resayingwehavesometimetomaketheshiftfromoiltootherfuels,andtofindgoodsubstitutesforplasticandotherpetroleumproducts.RonSteinberg:Er,actually,yourfactsmaybeoutofdate.Thelatestreportssaythatpeakoilproductionprobablyoccurredin2006.Ifthat’strue,itmeansthattheoilsupplywillbedecreasingwhiletheworlddemandforoilisincreasing.Expecthigherprices,folks.LeilaSparks:Hmm...Ihadn’theardthosefigures,Ron,butinanycase,findingmoreoilisahighpriorityforallofus.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第19页/共46页FemaleStudent:Ihaveaquestion.Whatif,whatifthere’soilsomewherethatnobodyknowsaboutyet?Wouldn’tnewdiscoverieschangethesituation?RonSteinberg:That’sagoodquestion,andnodoubtthereisoilthathasn’tbeendiscoveredyet.Theproblemthoughisthatalltheenormous,easilydiscoveredoilfieldswerefoundyearsago,sonewdiscoverieswillbeprettysmall,ortheoilwillbedifficulttoextract,likeitisintheoilsandsinCanada.LeilaSparks:Yousoundprettypessimistic,Ron.Ihavemorehopethattheworld’sscientistswillfigurethisthingout,andLomaxPetroleumwillgoonmakingqualityproductsforalong,longtime.Tobecontinued>>>Listening1第20页/共46页RonSteinberg:Well,Ihopeyou’reright,butjustincaseyou’renot,weneedtoactquicklytoconservetheoilwehaveandtofindotherenergysourcesforthefuture.Listening1第21页/共46页Listening2ethanoln.

乙醇sugarcanen.甘蔗refinev.净化；提炼molassesn.

糖浆，糖蜜crystaln.结晶（体）fermentv.（使）（水果、啤酒、葡萄酒等）发酵第22页/共46页Listening21.Whatpartofthelecturedidthestudentmiss?Howwouldyoucompletethenotes?ExampleAnswersThestudentmissedinformationinpartoneaboutwhysugarcaneisburned.Thecompletednotesshouldstate:Heatfromburningsugarcanewasteisusedtopowermillandmakeelectricity.第23页/共46页Student1:Ithoughtthatwasaninterestinglecturetoday.Student2:SodidI.Wasn’tethanoloneofProfessorAnderson’sresearchsubjects?Student3:Ibelieveshesaidherresearchwasoncornethanol—thebestwaytotransportit,orsomethinglikethat.Student2:Thatsoundsright.Student1:Butyouknow...therewasonethingIdidn’tunderstand.Itwasaboutthesugarcanerefiningprocess…Iftheyburnthesugarcanewaste,doesn’tthatreleaseCO2intotheair?Howis,howisthatasolutiontotheproblemofglobalwarming?Student3:Actually,Idon’tthinkshesaiditwasburned.Tobecontinued>>>Listening2第24页/共46页Student2:Itisburned.Themachineryatthemillisdesignedtoburnplantmaterial.Thentheheatfromburningisusedtopowerthemillandgenerateelectricity.Tome,thatseemswaybetterthanusingconventionalfossilfuelslikecoalornaturalgas.Student1:OK...Imusthavemissedthatpart.Student3:So,here’sthepartIdon’tunderstand:Inherpresentationslides,ProfessorAndersonshowedthemmanufacturingdifferentkindsofsugar,likewhitesugarandbrownsugar.Sowheredoesthemolassesfitin?Student1:I,I’vegotthatinmynotes.Themolassesistheliquidthat’sleftoveraftertheyseparatethesugarcrystalsfromthe,fromthesugarcanejuice.It’sthestuffthatgetsfermentedtomakeethanol.Tobecontinued>>>Listening2第25页/共46页Student3:Gotit.Student2:OK,butwhatwasthatguy’squestion?Didheaskwhattheyusedtodowiththemolassesbeforetheystartedmakingethanol?Ididn’tcatchthatpart.Student1:Shetoldhimitusedtobeusedincookingalotmorethanitisnow.Itwascheaperthansugar.Student3:Theremighthavebeensomeadvancesinsugar-makingsincethenbecauseit’sprettycheapnow.Student1:Yeah,youcouldberight.Listening2第26页/共46页C|ListeningforDetails.Listening2ExampleAnswers1.F(Thestudentsays,“Ithoughtthatwasaninterestinglecturetoday.”)2.T3.F(ProfessorAndersondidn’tmentionglobalwarming.)4.T5.T6.T第27页/共46页CanadianOilSands第28页/共46页flarev.燃烧；闪耀boreala.北方的Alberta艾伯塔省（加拿大西部省）FortMcMurray麦克默里堡（艾伯塔省东北部的石油工业重镇）muskegn.

北美北部的沼泽地topsoiln.表土层；耕作层shoveln.铲子，铁锹synthetica.合成的，人造的Tobecontinued>>>第29页/共46页thermostatn.（使房间或机器保持一定温度的）恒温器bogn.沼泽，泥塘cleansev.使清洁，清洗peatn.泥炭，泥煤spongya.松软多孔的，海绵似的intacta.

完好无损的第30页/共46页WhileViewing

A|Readthestatements.Thenwatchthevideoandcheck(✔)TfortrueorFforfalse.ExampleAnswers1.T2.F(Canadahasbeenextractingoilforalmostacentury.)3.F(FuelpricesinCanadahavebeenhigherinrecentyears.)4.T5.T6.F(Thecountryisnotplanningtostopoil-sandprocessinganytimesoon.)第31页/共46页Narrator:WeheadnowonassignmentwithNationalGeographicMagazinetodocumentthischanginglandscape.Lateintothenightflamesflareoverthelandscape.Thisminingoperationcontinues24hoursaday,365daysayear,extractingoilfromjustbeneaththesurfaceofwhatwasonceCanadianwilderness.CelinaHarper,Resident:IcouldjustcrywhenIseewhat,whatthey’vedonetoourland.Soyoujustsee…that’sallyoucouldsee,justasfarasyoucouldsee.Nothing,justnothing—notevenone,onestick,notevenonetreestanding.Tobecontinued>>>第32页/共46页Narrator:ThisisCanada’sboreal...oneofthelargestforestsonearth.It’sNorthernAmerica’snestingspotforbillionsuponbillionsofbirdsthatmigrateacrossNorthAmerica...andevenasfarasSouthAmerica.It’salsothesiteofsomethingcalled“OilSands”,anaturallyoccurringmixofsandandathickformofpetroleumknownasbitumen.Bitumenmustbeheavilyprocessedbeforeitbecomescrudeoil,thenturnedintogasolineanddieselfuels.ThissectionofnorthernAlbertahasthelargestamountofoilsandintheworld...andsomeestimatessuggestAlberta’soilreservesarecomparabletothoseofSaudiArabia.Buttogettothisoil,Canadahasbeenstripmininglargesectionsofformerwilderness.NationalGeographicMagazinephotographerPeterEssickjourneyedtoFortMcMurraytocapturethechanginglandscape.Tobecontinued>>>第33页/共46页PeterEssick,NationalGeographicPhotographer:Youcantakepicturessortofthewildernesspart,whichissortofthetreesandthemuskegwhichhasn’tbeendeveloped,andthenyoucantakeapictureofsomeofthemining,thebigtrucks...butIwastryingtoshowsomewaysthatyoucouldseesortoftheconnectionbetweensortofthewildlifeorthenatureandthemining.Narrator:Firsttheforestiscutdown—topsoilisremovedandthesandcollectedbyenormousshovels.It’sthencarriedbydumptruckstoaprocessingfacility.Eachtruckcancarryalmost400tonsofoil-richsand.AfterprocessingthesyntheticcrudeisshippedviapipelinetorefineriesintheUnitedStates.Tobecontinued>>>第34页/共46页Narrator:Canadahasbeenextractingoilhereforalmostacentury,buthigherfuelpricesinrecentyearsandnewprocessingtechnologieshaveledtoamajoroilboom.ThispartofAlbertahasbeencompletelychanged.MikeNoseworthy,Resident:You’relookingathighrentcosts,highfoodcosts,andhighfuelcosts.BrendaHampson,TruckDriver:It’sjustmoneyandit’sallovertheplaceandthejobsareallovertheplace.InAlbertathereis10jobsforoneperson.Narrator:People’sliveshavebeenchanged—somefortheworsebutmanyarguablyforthebetter.Butconservationistssaythelandscapeisalsobeingchanged—fortheworse.Tobecontinued>>>第35页/共46页Narrator:Theyworrythatstrippingtheborealforestofthousandsofsquaremilesofforestishurtingamajorecosystem.Somearguethatdestructionintheborealforestisamajorcontributortoglobalwarming.Theforestissoenormousthatithelpscontroltheearth’sthermostat.Itswetlandsandbogsabsorbcarbon,helpingcleansetheatmosphereofthegreenhousegasesthatcontributetohighertemperaturesthroughouttheworld.SteveKallick,PewEnvironmentGroup:Thisisthepeat.It’sspongyandthere’snostrengthtoit.Thisisaccumulatedcarbonfrommillennia.It’sbeenexposednowtothesurface.Theprotectivecoverhasbeenremoved,andallthecarbonthat’sbeenstoredhascomebackoutintotheatmosphere.Tobecontinued>>>第36页/共46页SteveKallick,PewEnvironmentGroup:Developmentacrosstheborealisgoingtocontinuetodothis.Wedon’tknowhowmuch,wedon’tknowwhattheultimateresultisgoingtobe.Narrator:Alreadytemperatureshereareclimbing...whilethere’sbeenacorrespondingdropintherainandsnow.Butthecountryisnotplanningtostopoilsandprocessinganytimesoon.Dozensofcompaniesareplanningnearly100moreprojects...worth100billiondollars.Canadaisworkingtoreducetheamountofgreenhouseemissionsandtotakebacklandthat’sbeenstrippedintheminingprocess.Butsomeconservationistshopelargesectionsoftheborealforestwillbesetasideandprotectedfromfuturestripmining.Tobecontinued>>>第37页/共46页SteveKallick,PewEnvironmentGroup:Byhavingalargeunderdevelopedareawherewildlifecan,canmoveandadapttochange,wemaybeabletoprotectthemfromoneoftheworstimpactsof,ofglobalwarming.Asclimatechangeisaffectingtheirhabitat,they’llbeabletomigrateintootherareasifwesetasidemillionsandtensofmillionsofacresoflargeintactnaturallandscapes.Narrator:Itwouldseemtheneedsofhumans,wildlifeandtheplanet’sthermostatareinconflictinthisoil-richregion.第38页/共46页FurtherListening第39页/共46页B|

Readthequestions.Thenlistenagainandanswerthequestions.Listening11.WhatdidSaraaskJamietodo?______________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatisthetopicoftheguestspeaker?_______________________________________________3.Whatdoespeakoilmean?_______________________________________________SaraaskedJamietogowithhertohearaguestspeakerattheCurrentAffairsClub.TheguestspeakerwillbeDr.RonSteinberg.Theguestspeaker’stopicispeakoil.第40页/共46页B|

Readthequestions.Thenlistenagainandanswerthequestions.Listening14.Whatisoilessentialfor,accordingtoSara?______________________________________________________________________________________________5.WhatisJamie’sattitudetowardtheoilsupplyintheground?______________________________________________________________________________________________Peakoilreferstothetimeperiodwhentheworldisprod