用高三英语总复习-阅读理解词义猜测题

用高三英语总复习-阅读理解词义猜测题第一页，共49页。人教版高三总复习阅读理解猜测词义第二页，共49页。高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度。第三页，共49页。HeavynewsHeavyfoodHeavywaterHeavyappearanceHeavysleeperHeavysmoker晴天霹雳热量高的食物硬水粗陋的长相睡觉沉的人烟鬼第四页，共49页。Hisfatherhasdied.Hisfatherhaspassedaway.Hisoldmanhaskickedthebucket.Hisbelovedfatherhasjoinedtheheavenlychoir.他爹死了。他父亲去世了。他家老爷子蹬腿了。其父已驾鹤西游了。第五页，共49页。1、定义或解释说明

猜词技巧2、对比关系3、因果关系4、举例法5、重述6、同义词、近义词7、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理8.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义9.根据常见的前缀，词根和后缀进行猜词第六页，共49页。1、定义或解释说明Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.

Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.●信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas蚊子沙漠第七页，共49页。Ex.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.

木匠

动物学家

牧人

夜班第八页，共49页。2、对比关系ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等污秽的节约的第九页，共49页。Ex.2◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.

◎Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.

混乱不同意第十页，共49页。3、因果关系Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thus弹性的混浊的第十一页，共49页。Ex.3◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.

◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.

精明的

修剪第十二页，共49页。4、举例法Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽装置信号词:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistof第十三页，共49页。5、重述Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.信号词:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway,i.e.灌溉有牙齿的第十四页，共49页。6、同义词、近义词Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameas替代圆胖的,第十五页，共49页。7、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.

麻药波纹第十六页，共49页。8.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题：Tomcan’tfindhissneakers.C.shoesTomcan’tfindhiswhitesneakers．Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowls第十七页，共49页。l）Janeisusuallyprompt.A．lateB．ontimeC．pleasedJaneisusuallypromptforherclasses．Janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses，butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclasstoday.adj.敏捷的,迅速的,即时的adv.准时地第十八页，共49页。2）Tomsawanowllastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC．thesunTomsawanowlinatreelastnight．Tomsawanowllastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．猫头鹰第十九页，共49页。3）Theboywantsapony．A．dogB．catC．horseTheboywantsabrownpony．

Theboywantstorideabrownpony.小型马第二十页，共49页。4）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．akindofmonkeyB．akindofsnakeC．akindoffruitThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．Thechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy(毛的)apeatthezoo．

猿第二十一页，共49页。5）Thetroutisverycheap．A．fishB．fruitC．apple

Thefreshtroutisverycheap．Thefreshtroutisverycheap,butIdon’tknowhowtocookit．鲑鱼第二十二页，共49页。6)Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetherasaucer．A．aglassB．acakeC．asmallplateTheladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucer．Theladyaskedthewaitresstogetheracleansaucertoputhercoffeecupon．茶托第二十三页，共49页。

7)Weseldomseeasparrownow.A．akindofdogB．akindofplaneC．akindofbirdWeseldomseeasparrowinthesky.Weseldomseeasparrowintheskybecausetheairisnotsocleannowasusedtobe．麻雀第二十四页，共49页。9.巧用构词法原则第二十五页，共49页。构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）

ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY第二十六页，共49页。一、派生法（Derivation）由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。un-否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non-

understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible第二十七页，共49页。

中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀super-（超），inter-（在……之间），-able（能……的），mini-（极少的，微型的），micro-（极微小的），re-（再，反复），sub-（分支的，底下），co-（共同），post-(后)，pre-（前），trans-（超越；转换），under-（在……之下；低于……；不足），-hood（状态；性质；时期），-ish（如……的；有点儿……的）；-proof（防……的；……不能穿透的），-scope（景），-ship（身份；资格；权力；性质），-some（易于……的），-wards（向），mis-（误；恶），un-（不；非），in-（不；非），im-（不；非），dis-（不），non-（不；非），-less（不；无），anti-（反；防），sino-（中国）第二十八页，共49页。Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes:

Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowded第二十九页，共49页。

Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-

动词前缀enable,endanger,Readingcan

______yourlife.(rich)enrich第三十页，共49页。Someimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.

sharpenv.__________________strength

_____________

bright第三十一页，共49页。

Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的第三十二页，共49页。二、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted

把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。第三十三页，共49页。Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.生死攸关的第三十四页，共49页。

Down-to-earthspiritisanecessity.Sharpwordsfromateachercanusuallybringaday-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.honestorpractical实事求是，脚踏实地第三十五页，共49页。

HernamewasRachel,andImoonedmywaythroughthegradeandhighschool,strickenatthemeresightofher,tongue-tiedinherpresence.…Atanyrate,myloveforRachelremainedwithoutresult.Wegraduatedfromhighschool,shewentontocollege,andIjoinedtheArmy.Iwassentoverseasduringthewar.Foratimewewrote,andherletterswere

thehighlightofthoseterribleendlessyears.tongue-tiedoverseashighlight第三十六页，共49页。三、转化法（Conversion）由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。Heisamanwithbroadshoulders.Wewillshouldertheresponsibilitiesatanytime.n.

v.take/bear第三十七页，共49页。

Sowhensomeonehashurtyou,calmyourselffirst.Takeacoupleofbreaths,andthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure…Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanacceptingtheactionofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.(2004NMET)calmupsetshurt第三十八页，共49页。

Nevertrouble

troubleuntil

trouble

troublesyou.第三十九页，共49页。四、缩略法（Abbreviation）DVMVPSOSWWWDigitalVideoMostValuablePlayerSaveOurShipWorldWideWeb第四十页，共49页。Ex.1…Itwouldbeeasyforsomeonetomispresenthimselfonlinebecauseyoucan’tseehim.Thussomeonewhosaysthat“sheisa12-year-oldgirl.”couldreallybeanoldman.Whatdoestheword“mispresent”mean?MakingawrongjudgmentaboutUnderstandingsomebodywronglyGivingawrongdescriptionofFormingawrongopinionaboutmis-sth.isdonewrongorbadlypresentvt.describe第四十一页，共49页。2….Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaspecialpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.Theword“nonrecyclables”probablymeans?nonrecyclingpapersthingsthatcannotberecycledanythingcanberecycledrecyclablethingsrecycle

v.

使再循环，回收利用recyclable

adj.可回收利用的nonrecyclablen.

不能回收利用的东西第四十二页，共49页。3….Anothermythabouteyesisthattheycanbe

transplanted.Itisquitedifficulttoconnectaneyeballtoanewbrain…Theword“transplant”probablymeans?TotransportfromoneplacetoanotherTotranslatefromoneparttoanotherTomovefromonepartofthebodytoanotherTochangeoneformtoanother.trans-

changetransplant

移植transport

运输，交通第四十三页，共49页。4….MyteenagesonKarlbecamewithdrawnafterhisfatherdied.Asasingleparent,Itriedtodomybesttotalktohim,butthemoreItried,themorehepulledaway.(2004NMET)Bysaying“Karlbecamewithdrawn”,theauthormeansthattheboychangedentirelyand_________.preferredtostayaloneathomelostinterestinhisstudiesrefusedtotalktoothersbegantodislikehismotherwith-drawbackwithdrawn

退缩，（在社交场合或情绪方面）变得冷漠第四十四页，共49页。1.Overthecourseofafriendship,eventhebestpeoplemakemistakes.Sometimes,itmaybebestifthewrongedpersontakestheleadandapologizes.（2006高考）The“wrongedperson”underlinedinthesentencesreferstoaperson_____A.whohasbeenmistakenforanotherB.whohasbeenblamedunfairlyC.whohastreatedfriendsbadlyD.whohasadmittedhismistakes!小试身手第四十五页，共49页。2.Anyofthesecomingatrighttime,canserveasanignitertostartone’senthusiasmforlearningorforabettercareer,toturnhimfromapassivestateofwaitingtoanactivestateofpursuing,tolendhimstrengthtogoaheadbravely.Inthatcase,whathehasprepearedforyearswillbequicklyturnedintofruitfulreality.Theunderlinedword“pursuing”means_____A.dreamingaboutsuccess.B.tryingtoachievesomething.C.preparingfortheworst.D.hopingtobealeader.

!第四十六页，共49页。3.Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofofschoolandwo