2021年高考英语人教版一轮复习分册知识梳理

必修1Unit1Friendship单词拓展1.concernvt.(使)担忧n.担心concerned adj.担心的concerning prep.关于2.suffer vt.&vi.遭受;经历suffering n.痛苦;苦难sufferer n.受苦者3.ignore vt.不理睬;忽视ignorant adj.无知的ignorance n.无知4.entire adj.完全的entirely adv.完全地5.power n.能力;力量powerful adj.强有力的powerless adj.无力的6.settle vi.定居vt.使定居settlement n.定居;解决settler n.定居者7.recover vi.&vt.痊愈;恢复recovery n.痊愈;恢复8.upset adj.心烦意乱的vt.使心烦9.calm vt.&vi.(使)平静adj.平静的10.loose adj.松的11.pack vi.&vt.捆扎n.小包12.grateful adj.感激的13.series n.连续;系列14.swap vt.交换15.item n.项目;条款续表短语记忆1.addup合计2.gothrough 经历;经受3.setdown 记下;放下;登记4.getalongwith 与……相处;进展5.calm...down (使)平静下来6.beconcernedabout 关心;挂念7.aseriesof 一连串的;一系列8.onpurpose 故意9.atdusk 在黄昏时刻10.sufferfrom 遭受;患病11.get/betiredof 对……厌烦句型整理1.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.在遛狗的时候,你不小心让狗跑了,然后它被汽车撞了。2.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。3....itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface...……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……1.upsetadj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的vt.使不安;使心烦;弄翻SeveralflieskeptupsettingXiaoMingwhenhewasdoinghishomework.Hewassoupsetthatheupsetthecuponthedesk.归纳拓展①beupsetabout/over/atsth.为某事烦心②(sth.)upsetsb.(某事)使某人心烦意乱③(sb.)upsetsth.(某人)打翻/弄翻某物高考运用:语法填空①Don’tupset(you)aboutit.Noharmhasbeendone.

②(upset)peopleinthiswayisconsideredimpolite.

③IwasweakinEnglish,whichmademereally(upset).

答案:①yourself②Upsetting③upset2.calmvt.&vi.(使)平(镇)静;(使)镇定adj.平静的;镇静的;沉着的归纳拓展①calm(sb.)down(使某人)平静下来,镇静下来②stay/keep/remaincalm保持镇静高考运用:语法填空①Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquickly(calm)down.

②Weshouldkeep(calm)inthefaceofdanger.

答案:①calmed②calm词语辨析:calm平静的,镇静的。指无风浪或人的心境镇定自若。quiet宁静的,安静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。still静止的,不动的。指没有运动或动作的状态。silent寂静的,沉默的,不发音的。指没有声音或不讲话。Everythingwasquietexceptthattheheavyrainstruckthewindow.Thenthemudslidehappened,butthefrightenedpeoplestoodtherestill,notknowingwhattodo.Heremainedcalminthefaceofthedanger,andledallthepeopletoasafeplace.Laterhekeptsilentoverhisbravebehavior.3.concernvt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到n.担心;关注;(利害)关系归纳拓展①concernoneselfaboutsth.使某人自己关心某事②beconcernedabout/forsth.担心……;关心……③beconcernedwith与……有关;涉及④as/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言;依……之见高考运用:完成句子①Theyfollowtherules,helpout,and(关心)thepeopletheyworkwith.

②Heaskedseveralquestions(涉及)thefutureofthecompany.

③(就你的身体而言),it’s“useit,orloseit”!

答案:①areconcernedabout②concerning③Asfarasyourbodyisconcerned4.sufferv.遭受;忍受;经历归纳拓展①suffervt.遭受;蒙受,其后常接pain,loss,defeat,hunger,damage等名词作宾语②suffervi.后常接from,表示“受……折磨;受……之苦;患某种疾病”③sufferingn.[U]痛苦;苦难[pl.]痛苦;苦恼高考运用:语法填空①Sixmonthsafter(suffer)ourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond.(2018天津,完形填空)

②Heissufferingseverehearttrouble.

答案:①suffering②from5.addup合计,把……加起来归纳拓展①addto增加;增添(多用于抽象意义)②addsth.tosth.把……加到/进……里③addupto加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)④addv.补充说高考运用:完成句子①他补充说剧院的位置也是一个原因。Hethatthetheater’slocationwasalsoareason.(2017全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B)

②恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。Thebadweatherourdifficulties.

答案:①added②addedto6.gothrough经历;经受用法①仔细检查②用完③做完④浏览⑤通过高考运用:写出下列句中gothrough的含义①Imyselfwentthroughthissearchingprocessandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmyexperience.(2017全国Ⅰ,完形填空)

②EveryoneexpectsthisbilltogothroughCongress(国会)quickly.

③Thepolicesuspectedhimofcarryingdrugssotheywentthroughhisbag,butfoundnothing.

答案:①经历②通过③仔细检查7.setdown记下;放下;登记归纳拓展①setup开办;建立;设立②setaside留出;拨出(时间、金钱等);不顾;把……置于一边③setoff出发;动身;引起;使爆炸④setouttodosth.开始、着手做某事⑤setaboutdoingsth.着手做某事高考运用:用适当的短语填空①Thenewsthatwearegoingcampingthisweekendarushofexcitement.

②You’dbettersometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucankeepyourselfenergetic.

③Heeverywordthathecouldheartoavoidleavingoutsomethingimportant.

答案:①setoff②setaside③setdown8.getalongwith与……相处;进展归纳拓展①getalong/onwellwithsb.与某人相处得好②getalong/onwellwithsth.某事进展得好/顺利③get常见短语:getacross讲清楚;(使)被领会getaround(消息)传开;四处走动getdownto(doing)sth.认真做某事;着手做某事(其中to为介词)getover克服高考运用:用适当的短语填空①Thefinalexamiscomingsoon.It’stimeforustoourstudies.

②Itishardforthegovernmenttothepresentdifficulties.

③Howareyouyourstudies?

答案:①getdownto②getover③gettingalong/onwith9.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.在遛狗的时候,你不小心让狗跑了,然后它被汽车撞了。句中whilewalkingthedog为省略句形式,相当于whileyouwerewalkingthedog。归纳拓展当when,while,until,if,unless,though,eventhough,as,asif等词引导的时间、条件、让步或方式状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或状语从句主语为it,且谓语动词为be时,常将从句的主语和be动词省略。高考运用:语法填空①Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhile(enjoy)alivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.(2018全国Ⅲ,阅读理解A)

②When(ask)aboutthesecretofhissuccess,hesaidthatheowedmuchofhissuccesstohiswifeandchildren.

答案:①enjoying②asked10.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。本句中it’s...that...为强调句型。基本结构如下:基本句式:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。not...until...句型的强调句结构为:Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他部分。高考运用:语法填空①ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousewesawLilyinthepassengerseat.(2018天津卷)

②Iwonderwhatitismakeshimsoexcited.

答案:①that②that11.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。本句中before引导时间状语从句归纳拓展①before引导时间状语从句时主要表达下列不同的意思:·还没来得及……就……(强调从句动作发生之前,主句动作已经发生);·……之后才……(说明主句的动作持续时间比较长而从句的动作才开始);·在……之前;(不久)就……;以免……;·趁着……(还没有)续表归纳拓展②含before的常用句式有:·Itwon’tbelongbefore...用不了多久就会……(before从句用一般现在时)·Itwasn’tlongbefore...没过多久就……(before从句用一般过去时)·Itwillbe+一段时间+before...要过若干时间之后才……(before从句用一般现在时)·Itwas+一段时间+before...过了若干时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)高考运用:语法填空①SheleftIcouldevenmakeittothedoortooffermythanks.(2019天津,完形填空)

②Itwillbe20yearswemeetagain.

答案:①before②beforeUnit2Englisharoundtheworld单词拓展1.basevt.以……为根据n.基础basic adj.基本的basis n.基础2.command n.&vt.命令;掌握commander n.指挥官;司令官3.recognize vt.辨认出;承认recognition n.认出;承认4.native adj.本国的n.本国人nation n.国家;民族national adj.国家的nationality n.国籍5.actually adv.实际上;事实上actual adj.实际的6.gradual adj.逐渐的;逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地7.identity n.本身;身份identify vt.认出8.fluent adj.流利的fluently adv.流利地fluency n.流利9.frequent adj.频繁的frequently adv.频繁地frequency n.频率10.usage n.使用;用法use vt.&n.使用;应用11.expression n.词语;表达express vt.表示;表达续表单词拓展12.requestn.&vt.请求;要求13.official adj.官方的;正式的14.straight adv.直接adj.直的15.accent n.口音;腔调;重音16.block n.街区;块;木块;石块短语记忆1.becauseof因为;由于2.comeup 走近;上来;提出3.makeuseof 利用;使用4.suchas 例如……;像这种的5.atpresent 现在;目前6.playapart(in) 扮演一个角色;参与句型整理1.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同,也可以相互理解。2.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。3.Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。1.basevt.以……为根据n.基部;基地;基础归纳拓展①base...on/upon...根据……;以……为基础②bebasedon/upon以……为基础③onthebasisof根据,在……的基础上,基于高考运用:语法填空①Thenovelisbasedhistoricalfacts.

②(Base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.

答案:①on②Bmandn.[C]命令;指令[U]掌握;控制vt.命令,指挥;支配归纳拓展①underone’scommand=underthecommandofsb.由某人指挥②haveagoodcommandof掌握;精通(尤指语言)③commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事④commandthat...(should)do...命令……高考运用:语法填空①I’vehadagoodcommandEnglishwiththehelpoftheteacher.

②Thebosscommandedhim(finish)someimportantwork.

③Hecommandedthatallthegates(shut).

答案:①of②tofinish③(should)beshut3.requestn.&vt.请求;要求归纳拓展①requestsb.todosth.请求某人做某事②requestthatsb.(should)dosth.请求……③Itisrequestedthat...据要求……④make(a)requestfor...请求,要求……⑤atsb.’srequest=attherequestofsb.应某人之要求高考运用:语法填空①Myparentsrequestedme(learn)topractiseplayingthepiano.

②Students(request)nottotouchanythinginthelab.

③Itisrequiredthatourheadmaster(give)aspeechattomorrow’smeeting.

答案:①tolearn②arerequested③(should)give后跟虚拟语气的动词:4.recognizevt.辨认出;承认;公认,确认归纳拓展①recognizesb./sb.’svoice/sb.’shandwriting认出某人/听出某人的声音/认出某人的笔迹②berecognizedtobe/as...被认作……/被认为是……③Itisrecognizedthat...人们公认……④beyondrecognition认不出来高考运用:完成句子①(大家公认)Janeisthemostintelligentgirlamongus.

②Shehaschangedsomuchthatsheis(认不出来).

答案:①Itisrecognizedthat②beyondrecognition5.becauseof因为;由于归纳拓展becauseof的同义短语:①dueto由于(作表语或状语)②owingto由于(作表语或状语)③asaresultof因为;由于(作状语)④thanksto多亏;由于(作状语)⑤onaccountof因为(作状语)高考运用:语法填空①However,theseplanswereabandonedbecausefinancialproblems.(2017全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B)

②Duehisillness,hedidn’tcometoschool.

答案:①of②eup走近;上来;发芽,发生;(被)提出;(太阳、月亮等)上升归纳拓展①comeupwith想出,提出;产生②comeabout发生③comeacross穿过(路、桥);偶遇;偶然发现④comeon(风、雨等)到来;(演员)出场;赶快;得了吧⑤comeout出版;出来,出现;结果是⑥cometo苏醒;总计;达到⑦whenitcomesto...当谈到……高考运用:用合适的短语填空①!Wearegoingtobelateifyoudon’thurry.

②IapictureofyouwhenIwasgoingthroughmystuff.

③Whoeveranewideaofhowtoworkoutthepuzzlewillbegivenaprize.

④Howdidthemoviefinally?Icouldn’twaittoseetheending.

答案:①Comeon②cameacross③comesupwith④comeout7.makeuseof利用;使用归纳拓展①QUOTE充分利用②comeintouse开始被使用③beofgreatuse很有用④Itis/wasnousedoingsth.做……没用高考运用:完成句子①(为了充分利用)theInternet,alltheteachersarerequiredtohavethenecessarycomputerskills.

②Theoldshoppingbagcanstill(被使用).

答案:①Tomakefulluseof②bemadeuseof8.evenif/though即使;尽管归纳拓展①evenif/though即使;尽管,引导让步状语从句,在从句中常用一般现在时替换将来时。在主从句主语相同时也可采用省略句结构。②evenso即使如此;尽管这样高考运用:语法填空①Evenif/thoughhe(fail)thistime,hewilltryagain.

②Hewon’tcometoourpartyevenif(invite).

答案:①fails②invited9.suchas例如……;像这种的短语辨析suchas,forexample,likesuchas列举同类人或物中的几个例子,可和andsoon连用,可分开使用such...as...forexample用以举例说明,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中、句末likelike表示列举,可和suchas互换高考运用:用suchas,forexample,like填空①Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.(2018全国Ⅰ,七选五)

②Someoftherubbish,food,paperandiron,rotsawayoveralongperiodoftime.

③Therearemanykindsofpollutionaroundus.,noiseisakind.

答案:①suchas/like②suchas/like③Forexample10.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。归纳拓展①more...than...QUOTE③QUOTE④QUOTE高考运用:语法填空①Thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglifewalking,cyclingorswimming.(2018全国Ⅰ,语法填空)

②Dressedinwhite,helookslikeacookthanadoctor.

答案:①than②more11.Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。句中“nosuch+单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”,其中单数名词前不可再加冠词,相当于“notsucha/an+单数名词”。归纳拓展①such+QUOTE+that结果状语从句②such...as...像……这样的……,as在句中引导定语从句高考运用:完成句子①这本词典里没有这样的词。Thereisinthedictionary.

②吉姆吵成那样,他姐姐让他安静点。Jimmadeanoisehissistertoldhimtobequiet.

答案:①nosuchword②such;that比较下列句子,注意其连接词的作用A:ThebookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.(as引导定语从句)B:ThebookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.(that引导结果状语从句)Unit3Traveljournal单词拓展1.prefervt.更喜欢preference n.更喜欢2.persuade vt.说服;劝说persuasive adj.有说服力的persuasion n.说服3.determine vt.决定;确定determined adj.坚决的determination n.坚定;坚决4.view n.风景vt.观看viewer n.观众5.transport n.&vt.运送;运输transportation n.运输6.disadvantage n.不利条件7.graduate vi.毕业n.大学毕业生graduation n.毕业8.cycle vi.骑自行车n.自行车cyclist n.骑自行车的人cycling n.骑自行车运动9.organize vt.组织;成立organization n.组织organizer n.组织者10.reliable adj.可信赖的reliably adv.可靠地11.schedule n.时间表vt.为某事安排时间12.stubborn adj.顽固的;固执的13.forecast n.&vt.预测;预报续表单词拓展14.attituden.态度;看法15.pace vi.踱步n.步调短语记忆1.careabout关心;忧虑2.changeone’smind 改变主意3.givein 投降;屈服4.eversince 自从5.befondof 喜爱;喜欢6.makeupone’smind 下决心7.asusual 照常8.atmidnight 在午夜句型整理1.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄,呼吸困难而且天气很冷时,她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。2.Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚,她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。3.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.她一旦下了决心,什么也不能使她改变。1.prefervt.更喜欢;选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)归纳拓展①prefer(sb.)todosth.更喜欢(某人)做……③prefertodo...ratherthando...宁可……也不……高考运用:语法填空①Ratherthan(take)abus,manypeopleinChongqingprefer(walk)totheworkplace.

②Thousandsofchildrennowadaysprefer(do)theirhomeworktoabackgroundofmusicto(do)itinaquietroom.

答案:①take;towalk②doing;doing表示“宁可做……也不做……”还可用以下句型:woulddo...ratherthando...=wouldratherdo...thando...2.persuadevt.劝说,说服归纳拓展①persuadesb.todosth.=persuadeodoingsth.=talkodoingsth.说服某人做某事②persuadesb.nottodosth.=persuadesb.outofdoingsth.=talksb.outofdoingsth.说服某人不做某事③trytopersuadesb.todosth.=advisesb.todosth.尽力说服某人做某事高考运用:语法填空①Wetried(persuade)himtostopsmoking,buthedidn’tlisten.

②Finallyshepersuadedhiminto(go)tothehospital.

答案:①topersuade②going3.determinevt.决定;确定;(使)下定决心归纳拓展①determine(sb.)todosth.(使某人)决定做某事②bedeterminedtodosth.下定决心做某事③determinationn.决心高考运用:语法填空①Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,(determine)totestmyowntheoryonthis.(2018全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D)

②Tomisapersonwithgreat(determine).

答案:①determined②determination4.viewn.风景;视野;观点;见解vt.观看;注视;考虑归纳拓展①inone’sview在某人看来②comeintoview进入视野,看得见③inviewof鉴于,考虑到,由于④fromone’spointofview从某人的观点/角度出发⑤view...as...把……看作……高考运用:写出下列句中view的含义①Frommypointofview,talkingwiththemouthfulloffoodisimpolite.

②Iclimbedtothetopofthemountaintogetabetterviewofthecity.

③Shegotachancetoviewthemoviebeforeitwasreleased.

④Howdoyouviewthisproblem?

答案:①观点②景色③观看④看待,考虑5.careabout关心;忧虑;惦念归纳拓展①carefor喜欢,照料②takecare当心③takecareof照料④takecaretodosth.注意做某事⑤withcare小心,慎重高考运用:用适当的短语填空①Shehasneverherappearance.

②Hismother-in-lawhasagreedtoleaveforChicagotohelphergranddaughters.

答案:①caredabout②carefor6.changeone’smind改变主意归纳拓展①makeupone’smind下决心,决定②keep/bear...inmind把……放在心里,把……记在心上③keep/bearinmindthat...记住……④call/bringsth.tomind回忆起某事⑤fixone’smindupon把注意力集中在……⑥readone’smind看出某人的心思高考运用:完成句子①Itmustbe(记住)thatthereisnosecrettosuccessbuthardwork.

②Aftergraduationfromcollege,he(下定决心)tostarthisownbusiness.

答案:①keptinmind②madeuphismind7.givein投降;屈服;让步;上交归纳拓展①giveintosb.对某人作出让步②giveaway赠送;泄露;出卖③giveoff放出;散发出(气体、热量、能量、光、声音等)④giveout分发;用完;消耗尽;筋疲力尽⑤giveup放弃;戒掉;停止⑥givewayto让路;让步高考运用:用give的适当短语填空①Butnevereveronyourdream!Neverletanyonetellyou,“Youcan’t.”Dreambigandclimbhigh!(2018天津卷)

②Therubbishaterriblesmell.

答案:①giveup②givesoff8.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄,呼吸困难而且天气很冷时,她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。句中的不定式tobreathe为主动形式表示被动意义。归纳拓展用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况:①主语+be+adj.+不定式②主语+be+too+adj.+不定式③主语+be+adj.+enough+不定式常用的形容词包括:easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible,strange等。高考运用:完成句子①她很热情,容易相处。Sheiswarm-heartedandeasy.

②这本词典很便宜,能买得起。Thisdictionaryischeapenough.

答案:①togetalongwith②tobuy9.Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚,她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。此句中insist后接that从句,使用了虚拟语气形式。归纳拓展①当insist后接that从句表示“坚持要做……”时,要用虚拟语气(即谓语动词结构为should+动词原形,should可以省略)②当insist后接that从句表示“坚持认为,坚持说”时,则从句不采用虚拟语气,而是要用陈述语气。③insiston/upondoingsth.坚持做某事高考运用:语法填空①Thus,Papainsistedthatwe(learn)atleastonenewthingeachday.

②Heinsistedthathe(do)nothingwrongandthathe(set)free.

答案:①(should)learn②haddone;besetUnit4Earthquakes(对应学生用书第15页)单词拓展1.injurevt.损害;伤害injured adj.受伤的injury n.伤口;受伤处2.judge n.裁判员;法官vt.断定;判决judgement n.判断,评价3.shock vt.&vi.(使)震惊n.震惊shocked adj.感到震惊的shocking adj.令人震惊的4.extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.极其;非常5.destroy vt.破坏;消灭destruction n.破坏destructive adj.有破坏性的6.electricity n.电;电流;电学electric adj.用电的electrical adj.与电有关的electronic adj.电子的7.frighten vt.使惊吓;吓唬frightened adj.受惊的frightening adj.令人恐惧的8.congratulation n.祝贺;(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺9.express vt.表示n.快车expression n.表达;表情单词拓展10.burstvi.&n.爆裂;爆发11.ruin n.废墟vt.毁灭12.bury vt.埋葬;隐藏13.damage n.&vt.损失;损害14.event n.事件;大事15.rescue n.&vt.援救;营救16.trap vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱17.disaster n.灾难;灾祸18.shelter n.掩蔽处短语记忆1.a(great)numberof许多;大量的2.digout 掘出;发现3.atanend 结束;终结4.rightaway 立刻;马上5.asif 仿佛;好像6.inruins 严重受损7.thinklittleof 不重视句型整理1.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。2.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日!3.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在农家庭院,鸡甚至是猪都紧张得不敢吃东西。1.burstvi.破裂;胀破;爆裂n.爆发;突然爆裂归纳拓展①burstout突然迸发;爆发②burstoutdoingsth.=burstinto+n.突然……起来③burstin/into闯进;突然破门而入④burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支高考运用:语法填空①Marybursttearswhenhearingthebadnews.

②Tomburstout(laugh)whenheheardthejoke.

答案:①into②laughing2.ruinn.[U]毁坏;毁灭;崩溃;[C](pl.)废墟,遗迹v.(使)破产,(使)堕落,毁灭归纳拓展①inruins严重受损;破败不堪②fallintoruin荒废;败落③bring...toruin使……毁灭;使……没落④ruinoneself毁掉自己;自取灭亡⑤ruinone’shealth/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途高考运用:语法填空①Thebigbuildingliesruinsafterthatfire.

②Anearthquakeleftthewholetownin(ruin).

答案:①in②ruins词语辨析:destroy,damage,ruindestroy表示“毁坏”,通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭,往往暗示无法或很难修复。damage表示“损害”“损坏”,通常是指部分性的损坏,往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低。ruin表示“毁坏”“毁灭”,指彻底的毁坏,破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等。Thepalacewasdestroyedcompletelyratherthanwasslightlydamaged,whichcan’tberepaired,onlyleavingruins.3.injurevt.损害;伤害归纳拓展①be/getinjured受伤,受损②theinjured伤员③injuredpride/feelings受伤的自尊/情感高考运用:语法填空①Twothirdsofthepeoplediedor(injure)duringtheearthquake.

②Whenwegottothespotoftheaccident,weweretoldthatthe(injure)hadbeensenttohospital.

答案:①wereinjured②injured词语辨析:injure,wound,hurt,harminjure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤。它常暗示受伤部位的功能受到影响。wound主要用于肉体上的“创伤”,一般指严重的外伤,主要指在战场上受枪弹伤害。作为及物动词,它的宾语是整个人,而不是受伤的部位。hurt指“使人的肉体受伤而疼痛”,或“伤了人的自尊心或感情”。harm指对人或事物造成伤害。用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。Heinjured/hurthislegwhileplayingfootball.他在踢足球的时候伤了腿。Hegotwoundedinthewar.他在战争中受了伤。Excessivedrinkingharmsourhealth.过量的饮酒有害我们的健康。Ididn’tmeantohurtyourfeelings.我不是故意伤害你的感情的。4.buryvt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏;专心于归纳拓展①bury...in...把……埋入……②QUOTE③buryone’sfaceinone’shands双手掩面高考运用:语法填空①(bury)inhisbook,hedidn’tknowitwasrainingoutside.

②Eversincehegraduatedfromcollege,hehasburiedhimselfhisresearch.

答案:①Buried②in5.judgev.判定;判断;判决n.裁判员;法官;评判员归纳拓展①judgingfrom/by从……上看,根据……判断②judgesb./sth.from/by...从……来判断③asfarasIcanjudge据我判断,我认为高考运用:语法填空①Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadly(judge).(2018江苏卷)

②(judge)fromhisaccent,hemustcomefromShanghai.

答案:①judged②Judgingjudgingfrom/by,用在句首时为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态的影响。6.atanend结束;终结归纳拓展①intheend最后②bytheendof到……末(常与完成时态连用)③endupdoing最终……④endupwith以……结束⑤makebothendsmeet使收支相抵,勉强维持生计⑥cometoanend(某事)结束,告终高考运用:完成句子①Tom’sbasketballcareer(结束)onFridayafternineteenseasons.

②Wemadefivedifferentplansfortheholidaybut(最后)wehadasummercampagain.

答案:①cametoanend②intheend7.anumberof许多,大量的归纳拓展①修饰可数名词的短语有:a(large/great/good)numberof,agreat/goodmany,agoodfew,quiteafew,manya,morethanone②修饰不可数名词的短语有:agreat/gooddealof,agreat/largeamountof,quitealittle③既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词的短语有:alotof,lotsof,aquantityof,quantitiesof,massesof④thenumberof+复数可数名词……的数目高考运用:语法填空①Thenumberofsheeponthehill(be)200.

②Anumberofyoungmen(be)playingfootballonthestreet.

答案:①is②are“许多”的谓语你知道吗?①anumberof+pl.n.作主语,谓语动词用复数。②largequantitiesof+pl.n./[U]n.作主语,谓语动词用复数;alargequantityof+pl.n./[U]n.作主语,谓语动词的单复数根据of后所接单词的单复数确定;largeamountsof+[U]n.作主语,谓语动词用复数。③QUOTE8.thinklittleof不重视,轻视归纳拓展①thinkhighly/well/alot/muchof...对……评价高②thinkpoorly/badly/little/nothingof...对……评价不高;不重视③speakwell/illof...说……的好/坏话④singhighpraisefor...对……评价高高考运用:语法填空①Igavehimsomeadvice,buthethoughtlittleit.

②Shethinksnothingof(walk)thirtymilesaday.

完成句子③Asayoungleader,he(受到高度评价).

答案:①of②walking③iswell/highlythoughtof9.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句为部分否定句。归纳拓展①当not与all,both,each,every,everyone,everything等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时,无论not处于何位置,皆表示不完全否定,意为“并非都”。②no,none,noone,neither,nothing,nowhere等表示完全否定。高考运用:完成句子①The3,500residentscan(并非所有)enjoythesunshineatthesametime.

(2019全国Ⅲ,完形填空)句型转换②Notallthepeoplepresentagreedwithyou.Allthepeoplepresentwithyou.

答案:①notall②didn’tagreeUnit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero(对应学生用书第19页)单词拓展1.devotevt.献身;专心于devotion n.献身;热爱devoted adj.忠实的2.equal adj.相等的;平等的equally adv.相等地;平等地equality n.平等;等同3.reward n.报酬vt.酬劳rewarding adj.值得做的4.quality n.质量;品质qualified adj.合格的quantity n.数量5.active adj.积极的actively adv.积极地activity n.活动6.found vt.建立;建设7.violence n.暴力;暴行violent adj.暴力的8.willing adj.乐意的;自愿的will n.意志;意愿9.unfair adj.不公正的fairness n.公平;公正10.relative n.亲戚,亲属relation n.关系11.terror n.恐怖;恐怖活动terrorism n.恐怖主义terrorist n.恐怖分子续表单词拓展12.crueltyn.残忍;残酷cruel adj.残忍的13.escape vt.&vi.逃脱;逃走14.attack vt.进攻;攻击15.principle n.法则;原则16.generous adj.慷慨的17.sentence vt.判决;宣判短语记忆1.outofwork失业2.introuble 在危险的处境中3.loseheart 丧失信心4.cometopower 当权;上台5.turnto 求助于6.asamatteroffact 事实上7.blowup 使充气;爆炸8.setup 设立;建立9.besentencedto 被判处……(徒刑)句型整理1....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。2.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时,心里觉得很不好受。(对应学生用书第19页)1.devotevt.献身,专心于归纳拓展①devoteoneselfto献身于;致力于;专心于②devote...to...把……奉献于……③bedevotedto深爱;致力于④devotionto对……的专心/投入/奉献/忠诚等⑤devotedadj.忠实的,深爱的⑥devotionn.关爱;奉献;忠诚高考运用:语法填空①Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkand(devote).

②Herson,whomsheisdevoted,wentabroadlastyear,leavingheraloneinthesmallvillage.

答案:①devotion②to在短语devote...to中to为介词,其后接名词或动词-ing形式,类似短语还包括:lookforwardto期盼;getdownto开始着手做;be/getusedto习惯于;be/getaccustomedto习惯于;leadto导致;payattentionto注意;objectto反对。2.equaladj.相等的;胜任的;平等的n.同等的人;相等物v.等于;抵得上归纳拓展①beequalto+n./doingsth.等于;与……相等;有……的能力;胜任②AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上B或与B相匹敌③equalityn.平等高考运用:语法填空①Ithinkheisequalthejob.

②Oureducationsystemshouldprovide(equal)forallchildren.

答案:①to②equality3.escapev.&n.逃脱;逃生归纳拓展①escapefrom从……逃脱,逃避②escapedoing避免做……③anarrowescape九死一生④sth.escape(s)sb.某物被某人遗忘;未被注意高考运用:完成句子①Althoughhewaslateforschool,heescaped(惩罚).

②Thehotelgueststriedtheirbestto(逃离)theburningbuilding.

答案:①beingpunished或punishment②escapefrom4.rewardn.报酬,报答,奖赏;酬金v.酬劳,酬谢,报答,奖赏归纳拓展①inreward(for...)作为(对……的)报答,作为(对……的)奖赏②give/offerarewardtosb.forsth.因某事给某人报酬(或赏金)③rewardsb.withsth.for(doing)sth.为(做)某事而用某物奖赏某人④rewardingadj.有益的;值得的;有回报的高考运用:语法填空①Healwaysbelievedthatthecompanywouldrewardhimhisefforts.

②Theclub’sdirectorrewardedhimafreeseasonticket.

③FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,the(reward)wereworththedifficulttrip.(2018全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B)

答案:①for②with③rewards词语辨析:单词名词动词reward报酬、奖金或一些非金钱的报酬指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予报酬或奖赏award奖品,奖金,与prize相似授予,颁发awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.HewasawardedGoldenLion,whichrewardedhimforhisachievementinfilms.他被授予金狮奖,以此奖励他在电影方面的成就。5.outofwork失业(=outofajob)归纳拓展①outofcontrol失控②outofrepair失修③outoforder有毛病,出故障④outofdate过时⑤outofdanger脱险⑥outofplace不适当⑦outofbreath喘不上气高考运用:完成句子①Bymile17,Ibecame(气喘吁吁)andtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.(2018北京,阅读理解A)

②Thefirespreadquicklyanditwas(失控).

答案:①outofbreath②rouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中(表状态)归纳拓展①askfortrouble找麻烦;自讨苦吃②taketroubletodosth.费力/不辞辛苦地做某事③maketrouble闹事;捣乱④getinto/outoftrouble陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)⑤havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难高考运用:完成句子①Gettingalittlecloser,Irealizedonekayak(皮划艇)was(处境危险).(2018全国Ⅱ,完形填空)

②He(不辞辛苦)tohelpme.

答案:①introuble②tooktrouble7.loseheart丧失信心归纳拓展①loseface丢脸,失面子②loseweight减轻体重,减肥③putone’sheartinto一心扑在……上④loseone’shearttosb.爱上某人⑤loseone’spatience失去耐心高考运用:完成句子①Whenyoufail,youshouldnever(丧失信心).

②Wehavekeptwaitingfortwohours;I(失去耐心).

答案:①loseheart②havelostmyeto/intopower当权;上台归纳拓展①beinpower当权;执政②outof/beyondone’spower超出某人的能力③inone’spower在某人能力以内;为某人能力所及④doall/everythinginone’spowertodosth.竭尽某人所能做某事高考运用:完成句子①Thepresidenthas(当权)forayear.

②I’ll(竭尽全力)tohelpyou.

答案:①beeninpower②doeverythinginmypower9....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。归纳拓展only+状语QUOTE+部分倒装高考运用:语法填空①Onlywhenyoueatproperfoodyoukeephealthy.

②Onlyafterthewarwasoverhecomebacktohishometown.

答案:①can②did10.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时,心里觉得很不好受。句中的名词短语thefirsttime引导时间状语从句,意为“第一次……时”。归纳拓展(1)可引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有:①QUOTE=assoonas一……就……②QUOTE(2)可以引导时间状语从句的副词有instantly,immediately,directly等,都相当于assoonas。高考运用:完成句子①(下次)youtakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.(2018天津,阅读理解D)

②(每次)ImeetTom,healwayssmilestome.

答案:①Nexttime②Everytime/Eachtime必修2Unit1Culturalrelics(对应学生用书第23页)单词拓展1.survivevi.幸免;幸存survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者2.design n.&vt.设计;构思designer n.设计者3.worth prep.值得的n.价值worthless adj.无价值的worthy adj.有价值的worthwhile adj.值得花时间或精力的4.valuable adj.有价值的value n.价值valueless adj.无价值的5.amaze vt.使吃惊;惊讶amazed adj.感到吃惊的amazing adj.令人吃惊的amazement n.吃惊,惊奇6.decorate v.装饰;装修decoration n.装饰;装修7.jewel n.珠宝;宝石jewel(le)ry n.珠宝(总称)8.doubt n.&vt.怀疑;疑惑doubtful adj.怀疑的9.evidence n.根据;证据evident adj.明显的10.explode vi.爆炸explosion n.爆炸11.entrance n.入口exit n.出口enter v.进入12.informal adj.非正式的13.remove vt.移动;搬开续表单词拓展14.debatevi.&n.争论;辩论15.reception n.接待;接收16.select vt.挑选;选择17.fancy adj.奇特的vt.想象短语记忆1.insearchof寻找2.belongto 属于3.thinkhighlyof 高度评价4.inreturn 作为报答5.atwar 处于交战状态6.lessthan 少于7.takeapart 拆开句型整理1.FrederickWilliamⅠ,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.普鲁士国王腓特烈·