2013年高考上海卷英语试题

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）第1页共9页II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.25.—I’mlookingforanearbyplaceformyholiday.Anygoodideas?—HowabouttheMoonLake?Itis________easyreachofthecity.A.byB.beyondC.withinD.from26.Thosewhosmokeheavilyshouldremind________ofhealth,thebadsmellandthefeelingsofotherpeople.A.theirsB.themC.themselvesD.oneself27.Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn’tenterthehouse,forhe________hiskeyatschool.A.hadleftB.wouldleaveC.wasleavingD.hasleft28.It’sa________clock,madeofbrassanddatingfromthenineteenthcentury.A.charmingFrenchsmallC.smallFrenchcharmingB.FrenchsmallcharmingD.charmingsmallFrench29.Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswho________tomakedecisionsaboutschoolaffairs.A.hadbeenelectedC.havebeenelectedB.hadelectedD.haveelected30.Theypromisedtodevelopasoftwarepackagebytheendofthisyear,________theymighthave.A.howeverdifficultB.howdifficultC.whateverdifficultyD.whatdifficulty31.Thejudgesgavenohintofwhattheythought,soIlefttheroomreally________.A.tobeworriedB.toworryC.havingworriedD.worried32.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity________societyforreal-lifeexperience.A.exploreB.toexploreC.exploringD.explored33.Ihavenoidea________thecellphoneisn’tworking,socouldyoufixitforme?A.whatB.whyC.ifD.which34.Youngpeoplemayrisk________deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone35.Sophiagotane-mail________hercreditcardaccountnumber.A.askingforB.askforC.askedforD.havingaskedfor36.Icannotheartheprofessorclearlyasthereistoomuchnoise________Iamsitting.A.beforeB.untilC.unlessD.where37.________atthephotos,illustrations,titleandheadingsandyoucanguesswhatthereadingisabout.A.TolookB.LookingC.HavinglookedD.Look2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)1

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）第2页共9页38.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea________interactwithoneanother.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what39.Amongthecrisesthatfacehumans________thelackofnaturalresources.A.isB.areC.isthereD.arethere40.Somepeoplecaremuchabouttheirappearanceandalwaysaskiftheylookfinein________theyarewearing.A.thatB.whatC.howD.whichSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.restoreF.locatingB.recallC.processingH.fascinatingD.previouslyI.elsewhereE.necessaryG.insteadJ.compositionAsinfants,wecanrecognizeourmotherswithinhoursofbirth.Infact,wecanrecognizethe41ofourmother’sfacewellbeforewecanrecognizeherbodyshape.It’s42howthebraincancarryoutsuchafunctionatsuchayoungage,especiallysincewedon’tlearntowalkandtalkuntilweareoverayearold.Bythetimeweareadults,wehavetheabilitytodistinguisharound100,000faces.Howcanweremembersomanyfaceswhenmanyofusfinditdifficultto43suchasimplethingasaphonenumber?Theexactprocessisnotyetfullyunderstood,butresearcharoundtheworldhasbeguntodefinethespecificareasofthebrainandprocesses44forfacialrecognition.ResearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologybelievethattheyhavesucceededin45aspecificareaofthebraincalledthefusiformfacearea(FFA),whichisusedonlyforfacialrecognition.Thismeansthatrecognitionoffamiliarobjectssuchasourclothesorcars,isfrom46inthebrain.Researchersalsohavefoundthatthebrainneedstoseethewholefaceforrecognitiontotakeplace.Ithadbeen47thoughtthatweonlyneededtoseecertainfacialfeatures.Meanwhile,researchatUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatfacialrecognitionisnotasingleprocess,but48involvesthreesteps.Thefirststepappearstobeananalysisofthephysicalfeaturesofaperson’sface,whichissimilartohowwescanthebarcodesofourgroceries.Inthenextstep,thebraindecideswhetherthefacewearelookingatisalreadyknownorunknowntous.Andfinally,thebrainfurnishestheinformationwehavecollectedaboutthepersonwhosefacewearelookingat.Thiscomplex49isdoneinasplitsecondsothatwecanbehavequicklywhenreactingtocertainsituations.(324words)III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)22013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）第3页共9页Overthepastfewdecades,moreandmorecountrieshaveopenedupthemarkets,increasinglytransformingtheworldeconomyintoonefree-flowingglobalmarket.Thequestionis：Iseconomicglobalization50forall?AccordingtotheWorldBank,oneofitschiefsupporters,economicglobalizationhashelpedreduce51inalargenumberofdevelopingcountries.Itquotesonestudythatshowsincreasedwealth52toimprovededucationandlongerlifeintwenty-fourdevelopingcountriesasaresultofintegration(融合)oflocaleconomiesintotheworldeconomy.Hometosomethreebillionpeople,thesetwenty-fourcountrieshaveseenincomes53atanaveragerateoffivepercent—comparedtotwopercentindevelopedcountries.Thosewho54globalizationclaimthateconomiesindevelopingcountrieswillbenefitfromnewopportunitiesforsmallandhome-basedbusinesses.55,smallfarmersinBrazilwhoproducenutsthatwouldoriginallyhavesoldonlyin56open-airmarketscannowpromotetheirgoodsworldwidebytheInternet.Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactually57thegapbetweentherichandpoor.AstudycarriedoutbytheU.N.-sponsoredWorldCommissionontheSocialDimensionofGlobalizationshowsthatonlyafewdevelopingcountrieshaveactually58fromintegrationintotheworldeconomyandthatthepoor,theuneducated,unskilledworkers,andnativepeopleshavebeenleftbehind.59,theymaintainthatglobalizationmayeventuallythreatenemergingbusinesses.Forexample,Indiancraftsmenwhocurrentlyseemtobenefitfromglobalizationbecausetheyareableto60theirproductsmaysoonfacefiercecompetitionthatcouldpotthemoutof61.Whenlarge-scalemanufacturersstarttoproducethesamegoods,orwhensuperstoreslikeWal-Martmovein,thesesmallbusinesseswillnotbeableto62andwillbecrowdedout.Onethingiscertainaboutglobalization—thereisno63.Advancesintechnologycombinedwithmoreopenpolicieshavealreadycreatedaninterconnectedworld.The64nowisfindingawaytocreateakindofglobalizationthatworksforthebenefitofall.(347words)50.A.possible51.A.crimeB.smoothB.povertyC.goodC.conflictD.easyD.population52.A.contributing53.A.remain54.A.doubtB.respondingB.dropB.defineB.ForinstanceB.newB.exploringB.profitedB.ThereforeC.turningC.shiftD.owingD.increaseD.ignoreD.AllinallD.foreignD.wideningD.withdrawnD.OtherwiseD.advertiseD.mindC.advocateC.InotherwordsC.localC.bridgingC.learnedC.HoweverC.export55.A.Inaddition56.A.mature57.A.finding58.A.suffered59.A.Furthermore60.A.consume61.A.trouble62.A.keepupB.deliverB.businessB.comeinC.powerC.goaroundD.helpout63.A.takingoffB.gettingalongC.holdingoutD.turningback64.A.agreementB.predictionC.outcomeD.challenge2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)32013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）第4页共9页SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AForsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic.”Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicalnotes(音调).Amusicpeopleoftencannottellthedifferencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwonotesiftheyareveryfarapartonthemusicalscale.Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethesoundofmusictopiecesofmetalhittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.Theirinabilitytoenjoymusicsetthemapartfromothers.Itcanbedifficultforotherpeopletoidentifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograspwhatitfeelsliketobeamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmallcanbeuncomfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionallystayawayfromplaceswherethereismusic.However,thiscanresultinwithdrawalandsocialisolation.“Iusedtohateparties,”saysMargaret,aseventy-year-oldwomanwhoonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatshewasamusic.BystudyingpeoplelikeMargaret,scientistsarefinallylearninghowtoidentifythisunusualcondition.Scientistssaythatthebrainsofamusicsaredifferentfromthebrainsofpeoplewhocanappreciatemusic.Thedifferenceiscomplex,anditdoesn’tinvolvedefectivehearing.Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.Theyalsohavenoproblemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistscompareamusicstopeoplewhojustcan’tseecertaincolors.Manyamusicsarehappywhentheirconditionisfinallydiagnosed(诊断).Foryears,Margaretfeltembarrassedaboutherproblemwithmusic.Nowsheknowsthatsheisnotalone.Thereisanameforhercondition.Thatmakesiteasierforhertoexplain.“Whenpeopleinvitemetoaconcert,Ijustsay,‘Nothanks,I’mamusic,’”saysMargaret.“IjustwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwasseventeenandnotseventy.”(335words)65.Whichofthefollowingistrueofamusics?A.Listeningtomusicisfarfromenjoyableforthem.B.Theyloveplaceswheretheyarelikelytohearmusic.C.Theycaneasilytelltwodifferentsongsapart.D.Theirsituationiswellunderstoodbymusicians.66.Accordingtoparagraph3,apersonwith“defectivehearing”isprobablyonewho__________.A.dislikeslisteningtospeechesC.hasahearingproblemB.canhearanythingnonmusicalD.lacksacomplexhearingsystem67.Inthelastparagraph,Margaretexpressedherwishthat__________.A.herproblemwithmusichadbeendiagnosedearlierB.shewereseventeenyearsoldratherthanseventy2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)4

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）第页共页59C.herproblemcouldbeeasilyexplainedD.shewereabletomeetotheramusics68.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?A.Amusics’strangebehaviours.C.Musicaltalentandbrainstructure.BB.Somepeople’sinabilitytoenjoymusic.D.Identificationandtreatmentofamusics.HomeLaundryAutomaticDryerProductFullTwoYearWarranty(保修LimitedFiveYearWarrantyonCabinet(机箱WarrantyProvidesfor：))FIRSTTWOYEARSAmanawillrepairorreplaceanyfaultypartfreeofcharge.THIRDTHRUFIFTHYEARSAmanawillprovideafreereplacementpartforanycabinetwhichprovesfaultyduetorust(生锈)。WarrantyLimitations：Owner’sResponsibilities：Providesalesreceipt.Warrantybeginsatdateoforiginalpurchase.AppliesonlytoproductusedwithintheUnitedStatesorinCanadaifproductisapprovedbyCanadianStandardsAssociationwhenshippedfromfactory.Normalcareandmaintenance.Havingtheproductreasonablyaccessibleforservice.Payforservicecallsrelatedtoproductinstallationorusageinstructions.Payforextraservicecosts,overnormalservicecharges,ifservicerisrequestedtoperformserviceoutsideservicer’snormalbusinesshours.Productsusedonacommercialorrentalbasisnotcoveredbythiswarranty.ServicemustbeperformedbyanAmanaservicer.Adjustmentscoveredduringfirstyearonly.WarrantyDoesNotCoverItIf：Producthasdamageduetoproductalteration,connectiontoanimproperelectricalsupply,shippingandhandling,accident,fire,floods,lightningorotherconditionsbeyondthecontrolofAmana.InnoeventshallAmanaberesponsibleforconsequentialdamages.﹡*Thiswarrantygivesyouspecificlegalrights,andyoumayhaveotherswhichvaryfromstatetostate.Forexample,somestatesdonotallowtheexclusionorlimitationofconsequentialdamages,sothisexclusionmaynotapplytoyou.Productisimproperlyinstalledorapplied.(268words)69.AccordingtoWarrantyLimitations,aproductcanbeunderwarrantyif__________.A.shippedfromaCanadianfactoryC.repairedbytheuserhimselfB.rentedforhomeuseD.usedintheU.S.A.70.AccordingtoOwner’sResponsibilities,anownerhastopayfor__________.A.thelossofthesalesreceiptC.theproductinstallationB.aservicer’sovertimeworkD.amechanic’stransportation71.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothewarranty?A.ConsequentialdamagesareexcludedacrossAmerica.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)52013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）第6页共9页B.Aproductdamagedinanaturaldisasteriscoveredbythewarranty.C.Afaultycabinetduetorustcanbereplacedfreeinthesecondyear.D.Freerepairisavailableforaproductusedimproperlyinthefirstyear.CAteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”(392words)72.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat__________.A.theyhadnomodelintheirmindB.theydidnothavesufficienttimeC.theyhadnoready-madecomponentsD.theycouldnotassemblethecomponents73.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly__________.A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystemB.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttimeC.cancollectinformationfrommanysourcesD.hasbeenputintowideapplication74.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)6

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）第7页共9页B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.D.Wood’sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.75.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.FatherofRoboticFlyB.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsectD.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudySectionCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA—Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.A.HealthywayoflifegivingwaytooveruseofmedicineB.DifferentfindingsastotakingadditionalvitaminC.EU’sresponsetooveruseofhealthproductsD.WorryingincreaseinmultivitaminadvertisingE.EUdirectiveforthebenefitofindividualsF.EUdirectiveagainstpredictioninnovels76.Theuseofhealthsupplementssuchasmultivitamintabletshasincreasedgreatlyinthewesternworld.Peopletakethesesupplementsbecauseadvertisingsuggeststhattheypreventarangeofmedicalconditionsfromdeveloping.However,thereisconcernthatpeopleareconsumingworryinglyhighdosesofthesesupplementsandtheEuropeanUnion(EU)hasissuedadirectivethatwillbanthesaleofawiderangeofthem.ThisEUdirectiveshouldbesupported.77.ResearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhotakeVitaminCsupplementsofover5000milligramsadayaremorelikelytodevelopcancer.Thisshowshowmuchdamagethesehealthsupplementsdotopeople’shealth.AspokesmanforthehealthsupplementindustryhasarguedthatotherresearchshowsthatVitaminCsupplementshelppreventheartdisease,butwecandismissthisevidenceasitisfromabiasedsource.78.Sciencefictionofthe1960sand1970spredictedthatpillswouldreplacemealsasthewayinwhichpeoplewouldgetthefueltheyneeded.This,itwasargued,wouldmeanamoreefficientuseoftimeaspeoplewouldn’thavetowasteitpreparingoreatingmeals.TheEUdirectivewouldhelppreventthisnightmareofpillsreplacingfoodbecomingareality.79.Peop0lealreadytaketoomanypillsinsteadofadoptingahealthierlifestyle.Forexample,theconsumptionofpainkillersinBritainin1998was21tabletsperyearforeveryman,womanandchildinthecountry.Peopledonotneedallthesepills.80.SomemightarguethattheEUdirectivedeniespeople’srighttofreedomofchoice.However,therearemanylegalexamplesforsuchinterventionwhenitisintheindividual’s2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)72013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）第8页共9页bestinterests.Wenowmakepeoplewearseatbeltsratherthanallowingthemtochoosetodoso.OpposingtheEUdirectivewouldmeanbeneficialmeasureslikethiswouldbethreatened.SectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooks,bothfictionandnon-fiction,hasfoundamarkeddeclineintheuseofemotionalwordsovertime.TheresearchersformtheUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,afacilityforfindingthefrequencyoftermsinscannedbooks,tosearchformorethan600particularwordsidentifiedasrepresentinganger,dislike,fear,joy,sadnessandsurprise.Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategories(类别)showedadropinthese“moodwords”overtime.Onlyinthecategoryoffearwasthereanincreaseinusage.“Itisasteadyandcontinuousdecrease,”saidDrAlbertoAcerbi.Heassumedthattheresultmightbeexplainedbyachangeinthepositionoccupiedbyliterature,inacro