英国文学期末考试重点

中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485）乂8由双球LiteratureFeatures(F)ldEnglish-modernEnglishGeoffreyChaucerWorks(W).TheCanterburyTalesborrowedfromDecameron十日谈30pilgrimspilgrimageThebookoftheDuchess/Theparliamentoffowls/ThehouseoffameStatus⑸Status⑸.The14thcentury--theageofChaucer/thefatherofEnglishpoetryCharacteristics(C):theheroiccouplet英雄双韵体iambicpentameter五步抑扬格usemiddleEnglishinfluencedbyFrench(Theromauntoftherose)andItalian(TroilusandCriseyde)Beowulf--oldestsurvivalepicAnglo-SaxonPeriod二.文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期-17世纪初)TheAgeofRenaissanceF：theinfluenceofhumanismDiversityofgenreandcontentflourish:theElizabethAgeDecline:periodofJamesThomasMore：Utopia(distopia)EdmundSpenser:TheFaerieQueenSpenserian斯宾塞诗体FrancisBacon^-philosopherEducatorStatesmanScientistessayistW:Essays/Advancementoflearning/NewAtlantisOfMarriageandSingleLifeP19ForcharitywillhardlywaterthegroundwhileitmustfirstfillapoolWivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses.Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornamentisaffectation.Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience.Readnottocontradictandconfute,nortobelieveandtakeforgranted,nortofindtalkanddiscourse,buttoweighandconsider.Readingmakethafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty,themathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.Induction归纳法deduction演绎法C：^,EnglishMaterialisticPhilosopherFounderofmodernscienceinEnglandWilliamShakespeareC，~usemodernEnglishS，,oneofthefoundersofrealismW:154sonnets38plays(historical,comedies,tragedies)210ngpoemsHamletP9Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestionWhether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaof

troubles,Andbyopposingendthem.Todie:tosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheart-ache,andthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,'tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewish'd.Todie,tosleep; Tosleep:perchancetodream:aye,there'stherub;Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome,Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,Mustgiveuspause:there'stherespectThatmakescalamityofsolonglife;正剧(悲喜剧)youthplay罗密欧与朱丽叶(RomeoandJuliet)悲剧o马克白(Macbeth)又译：麦克白、麦克白斯、麦克佩斯o李尔王(KingLear)o哈姆雷特(Hamlet)o奥赛罗(Othello)喜剧《威尼斯商人》TheMerchantofVenice--dualityofShylock1.brutality2.victimofracialprejudice《仲夏夜之梦》AMidsummerNight'sDream《皆大欢喜》AsYouLikeIt《第十二夜》TwelfthNight三17世纪文学(Early17th-late17th)Metaphysical(形而上学的)poems玄学诗/theinfluenceofrevolutionJohnMiltonrevolutionarywriterJohnMiltonrevolutionarywriterW:ParadiseLost/ParadiseRegained/SamsonAgonistesJohnDonne玄学派诗人Metaphysicalpoets别出心裁的比喻conceitW：Elegie,breakofday(还有AndrewMarvell)TheFleaP25JohnBunyanThePilgrim'sProgress四启蒙时期文学(17世纪后期18世纪中期)ageofadventure散文世纪JohnathanSwiftIrishwriterageofreasonposthumouschild遗腹子CJ-satire/satirist/satirize/satiricalW：amodestproposalGulliversTravel小人国Lilliputabilityandinabilityeverhthingisrelative,ridiculouscauseofwars大人国Brobdingnagcorruptionskillsandability飞岛国Laputa--abuseofscience,thinklogically惠马国HouynhnmsyahoodefamiliarizationSamuelJohnsonDanielDefoeW：robinsoncrusoe/thereviewS：thefatherofEnglishfiction五浪漫主义时期文学(1798-1832)1卜@AgeofRomanticismsilverageofpoetry,emphasizeonimaginationandnature,individualsasthecenterofartRobertBurnsscottishpeasantW:thetreeofliberty/AuldLangSyne(longago)AredredroseO,myluve’slikearedredrose,that’snewlysprunginJuneO,myluve’slikethemelodie,that’ssweetlyplay’dntune.WilliamWordsworthS:PoetLaureateRomanticpoetLakepoetSelf-consciousrealm强烈情感的自然流溢W:Iwandered10nHyasadoudP63emotionrecollectedintranquilityGeorgeGordonByronC:Byronichero--fierypassion,unbendingwill,idealoffreedom,againsttyrannyandinjustice,lonefighter/individualisticendsShewalksinbeautySosoft,socalm,yeteloquent.Transferredepithet移就PercyByssheShelley六现实主义时期文学（19世纪30年代一1918）TheAgeofRealismConcernofsocialproblems，variousgenresRobertBrowning戏剧独白dramaticmonologueW:PeterpassesMylastDuchessDuke:arrogantpretentioushypocriticaljealouspossessiveselfishcruelDuchess；easy-goingobedientkindJaneAustenW:PrideandPrejudice/EmmaCharlotteBronteW:JaneEyreEmilyBronteW:WutheringHeightsAnneBronteCharlesDickens19世纪英国最伟大的小说家W:OliverTwist/DavidCopperfield/GreatExpectation/bleakhouse/ataleoftwocities