英语被动语态讲解及练习含答案

新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网英语被动语态讲解及练习一、被动语态的含义英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的‘被……”、"由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”二、被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）：Hisbicyclewasstolen.Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltin2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be+过去分词+（by+动作执行者）三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：Paperismadefromwood.（纸是由木材生产出来的。）Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。） _Hewaswoundedinthefight.（他在战斗在受伤了。）Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（电是用来开动机器的。）（2）需要强调动作的对象时。例如：Calculatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.（计算器不能用于数学考试。）Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustntbetakenaway.（阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。）Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.（他在比赛中获得了第一。）（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.（新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。）四、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：1、一般现在时的被动语态.am/is/are+动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.2、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.Thestationwasbuiltin1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.4、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenlastyear.5、一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall+be+动词的过去分词am/is/are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:（1）.would/should+be+动词的过去分词（2）.was/were+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Shesaidthatsomenewfactorieswouldbebuiltsooninourcity.Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词Somenewfactorieshavebeenbuiltinthecitysincelastyear.Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+动词的过去分词Hesaidthatsomenewfactorieshadbeenbuiltinthecity.Ididn,tknowthatmywatchhadbeenmended.9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done例如：Hecannotbefound./Imustbepaidforthis.五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.主动语态：人们说英语。PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.被动语态：英语被说。 Englishisspokeninmanycountries..例2.主动语态：我们造这座桥。Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.被动语态：这座桥被建造。Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例1.主动语态：小王邀请你（宾语）XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.被动语态：你（宾语）被邀请。YouhasbeeninvitedtoalunchpartybyXiaoWang.例2.主动语态：你不准带走杂志（宾语）Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.被动语态：杂志（宾语）不准被带走.Thesemagazinesmustnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.例3.主动语态：他们授给他（宾语）一枚奖章（宾语）.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态：他（宾语）被授予一枚奖章.Hewasgivenamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态：一枚奖章（宾语）被授给了他.Amedalwasgiventohimforhiswonderfulwork.版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网被动语态复习ABCA.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（p.p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时：was/were+p.p.一般将来时：shall/willbe+p.p.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+p.p.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时：should/wouldbe+p.p.含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p.例如：①Chinesebythelargestnumberofpeople.speakisspeakingspeaksisspoken（②Theboytogetsupperreadyafterschool.weretoldistellingwastoldtells③AlotofnewroadsbuiltinthewestofChina.mustmustbehashaveB.明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；.强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetreebythatboy.（C.熟练转换.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词+一般疑问句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网Thebrokenpottery atonce.（同义句）（②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?（改为被动语态）Wherevegetables?D.注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：①Hetoldusastory.（变被动语态）—Weweretoldastory（byhim）.或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim.②Hermothergaveheranewpen.（变被动语态）Anewpenherbyhermother..短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn'tfromthelibrary.takeawaytakenawayaretakenawaybetakenaway②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.（变被动语态）Thechildrenwill （byher）.（3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.（变被动HeswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.（4.不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooistoinourcity.bebuildingbuildbebuiltbuilt5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup?（改为被动语态）—Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?E.注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。（系表结构）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰，而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰。试比较：版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）F.牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：becoveredwith被 覆盖bemadeof由 制作（发生物理变化）bemadefrom由 制作（发生化学变化）bemadein由（某地）制造bemadeby被（某人）制造beusedfor被用来 beusedas被当作（作为） 来使用beusedtodosth.被用来做某事Itissaidthat...据说 Itishopedthat...希望 Itiswellknownthat...众所周知 例如：①一Yourcoatlooksnice.Isitcotton?—Yes.It's Shanghai.madeof；madebymadeof；madeinmadefor；madebymadefor；madein②Thismachineisusedtheroomwet.forkeepingaskeepingkeeptokeeping③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。thatisbeingovertheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.（四）几种特殊的被动语态.带不定式的被动语态。Thechildissuretobepunishedforthat.那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。.带介词的动词短语的被动语态。Suchathinghasneverbeenheardof.这件事前所未闻。.带副词的动词短语的被动语态。Theradiohasjustbeenturnedoff.收音机刚刚被关上。版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网当sell,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等动词若有状语well,easily,badly来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。Thepenwriteswell.这枝钢笔写字流畅。Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。被动语态专项练习一、选择题(2X15=30分)( )1.anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build( )2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappened D.happened()3.Cotton(棉花)—―inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrownC.grows D.grow( )4.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisited B.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited( )5.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytreesthisyear?A.areplanted B.willplant C.havebeenplantedD.planted( )7.Alotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoing B.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone( )8.--Whenthiskindofcomputers?--Lastyear.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.knows B.knew C.isknownD.wasknown()10.Whothisbook?A.did;written B.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written( )11.AstorybyGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldus B.wastoldtousC.istoldus D.toldus( )12.Themonkeywasseenoffthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump( )13.Theschoolbag behindthechair.A.puts B.canbeput C.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeoplewell.A.looksafter B.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter( )15.Ourteachercarefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(1X20=20分)(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) ・・・・t'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge(build)intwomonths.Wheretohavethemeeting(discuss)now.Whichlanguagethemostwidely(speak)intheworld?版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网Thelostboy（notfind）sofar.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees（cut）down.Thestudentsoften（tell）totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.Theoldmanisill.He（mustsend）tothehospital.Vegetables,eggsandfruits（sell）inthisshop.Whatknives（make）of?They（make）ofmetal（金属）andwood.Canthemagazine（take）outofthelibrary?Theroom（clean）bymeeveryday.Thestarscan,t（see）inthedaytime.Someflowers（water）byLiMingalready.Thiskindofshoes（sell）well.Howlongyouruncle（be）inthecity?Thefood（smell）delicious.Look!Someone（dance）.三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。（1X30=30分）steagrowninSouthChina?（改为主动语态）peopleteainSouthChina?amgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear..Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.（对划线提问）Howtheworkgoingtobefinished?.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.（改为被动语态）AnEnglishsongbythechildren..Youneedn'tdoitnow.（改为被动语态）Itbyyounow..Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.（改为被动语态）Metalmakingmachines..Hemademedothatforhim.（改为被动语态）Ithatforhim..Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatchbythem..Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?（改为被动语态）abridgeherebythemayearago?.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.（改为被动语态）Thelightgreendressesout..Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.（改为被动语态）Thegame“Lianliankan”byus.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。（1X10=10分）①Thenewbike（买给我）bymyparentsasapresentlastweek.②yourmobilephone（是国产的吗）？③Thewholemountainis（覆盖）thesnow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。（10分）①Ihavealotofhomeworktobedonetonight.②Isyourhistoryteacherlistenedcarefullyinclass?③LeiFeng'snamerememberedbyallChinesepeople.版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网④Themusicissoundedbeautiful.⑤BywhowasthisneweducationalCD-ROMdesigned?冀教九年级上第五单元英语测验一.用所给词的适当形式填空20%BillGates(devote)himselftothecomputerbusiness.Alotof(soldier)losttheir(life)inthewater.IntheAnti-Japanesewar,Bethuneworkedinthe(north)partofChina.Thedoctorare(operate)onthepatient.Itis(produce)inourcountry.Whyistheresomuch(血)onthefloor?IsChinaa(发展)country?Thereis(没有东西)intheroom.Hellen(树立)anexampleforus.Itis(据说)thattherewillbeafootballgameat2:00thisafternoon.二单项选择30%Duringhislifetime,Edison1093inventionsA.workedB.madeC.didD.gaveChinaisfamoustheGreatWall.A.inB.forC.withD.onItthatMr.Smithisdead.A.sayB.saidC.issaidD.sayingTheboywasnottoreachtheapple.A.highenoughB.enoughhighC.tallenoughD.enoughtallEdisonwasagreatinventor.Hetoinventingthings.A.givehimselfB.gavehimC.devotedhimselfD.devotedhimWhotherightanswertothequestion?A.cameupwithB.cameupC.caughtupwithD.findoutSincethen,fortyEnglishlessonsinourclass.A.havelearnedB.havebeenlearnedC.arelearnedD.learnedHelen,scourageandhardworkbrought.A.successB.moneyC.deathD.lifeDuringyourstayatschool,it,sveryimportantnottogiveup.A.questionB.questioningC.toquestionD.questionedAfterafewyears,hardwork,theyinfinishbuildingthebigbridge.A.developedB.succeededC.searchedD.observedTheroomisverycleanbecauseitbyus.A.waskeptB.iscleanC.iscleanedD.willbesweptHewasbornOctoberof1879inGermany.A.onB.atC.fromD.in版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网Shecanplayviolinverywell.A.theB.aC./D.anPleaserememberinyourpapertomorrow.A.tohandB.handC.handingD.handedhavealotofproblemsphysicsA.forB.fromC.withD.on三.完型填空10%Inthepast,peopledidn'tusestamps.Theyhadtopaymoneywhentheyreceivedletters.RowlandHill,aschoolmasterinEnglandwasthefirst1usingstamps.Hethoughtit2mucheasierforpeopletouse3.Theycouldgotothenearby 4tobuystampsandputthemonenvelopes(信封)5they6letters.Thepostofficeonlyputseals(印章) 7thestampssothatpeoplecouldnotusethestamps 8 .Inthisway,thepostoffice9 sendpostmentocollect(收)money.Itonlyneeded10postmentodeliver(投递)letters.Thegovernmentfinallyaccepted(接受)thegoodidea.()1.A.tothinkB.thinkingC.tothinkofD.thinkabout()2.A.couldbeB.willbeC.isD.was()3.A.astampB.stampsC.stampD.stampes()4.A.ashopB.schoolC.villageD.postoffice()5.A.afterB.beforeC.inD.with()6.A.sentB.sendC.tosendD.sended()7.A.inB.overC.on D.above()8.A.againB.tooC.eitherD.also()9.A.neednottoB.didn'tneedto C.needednotto D.didn'tneed()10.A.fewB.fewerC.manyD.much四.阅读理解30%（一）ThisisatalkbyaLondontaxi(出租车)driver"I'vebeenataxidriverfornearlytenyears.MostLondontaxidrivershavetheirowntaxis.""It'sanicejobmostoftime.youmeetalotofpeople.Ialwaysworkatnight,becausethereistoomuchtrafficduringtheday.Ilivetwentymiles(英里)outsideLondonandIgotoworkat5:30intheafternoon.""Iusuallygohomebetween2and3inthemorning.""Someverystrangethingshappenedlateatnight.TheotherdayIwastakingawomanhomefromaparty.Shehadherlittledogwithher.Whenwegottoherhouse,shefoundthatshehadlostherkey.SoIwaitedinthecarwiththedogwhilesheclimbedinthroughthewindows.""Iwaitedandwaited.AfterhalfanhourofringingthebellIdecidedtofindoutwhatwasgoingon.Itiedthedogtoatreeandstartedtoclimbinthroughthewindow.ThenextthingIknewwasthatthepolicecame.TheythoughtIwasathief(小偷).Luckilythewomancamedownstairs(下楼).Shemusthavegonetosleepandforgottenaboutmeandthedog!"1.Thedriveralwaysworkedatnightbecauseitwaseasierto.版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网A.driveB.makemoneyC.climbinthroughthewindowD.meetalotofpeopleThewomanclimbedinthroughthewindowbecause.A.shewantedtohaveasleep B.herhusbanddidn'topenthedoorforherC.shedidn'twanttopaythedriver D.shecouldn'tfindherkeyThestoryhappened.A.earlyinthemorning B.lateatnightC.20milesoutsideLondonD.nearthepolicestationWhichofthefollowingiswrong?Thedriverworkeduntilbetween2and3inthemorning.Thepolicemadeamistake.Thewomanhadnomoneytopaythedriver.Thewomanhadforgottenaboutthedriverandthedog.ThedriverclimbedinthroughthewindowtoA.getmoneyfromthewoman B.returnthedogtothewomanC.seewhatwashappeninginthehouse D.phonethepoliceTherearefiftystatesintheUnitedStates.ThelargestinpopulationisCalifornia,thelargestinareaisAlaska.AlaskaisthesmallestinpopulationandRhodeIslandisthesmallestinsize.TheoldeststatesaretheonesalongtheAtlanticcoast.TheneweststatesareAlaskaandHawaii.Alaskaisalsothecoldeststate.CaliforniaandFloridaarethewarmer.HenryandhisfamilyliveinSeattle,abigcity,onthePacificcoast.ButLosAngelesandSanFrancisco,alsoonthePacificcoast,arelargerthanSeattle.Henry'scousin,Susan,livesinNewYork.ItisthelargestcityintheUnitedStates.ThousandsofpeoplevisitNewYorkeachyear.ThemostimportantcityintheUnitedStatesisWashington,D.C.Itisthecapital,butitismuchsmallerthanNewYork.1.HowmanystatesarethereintheU.S.A.?A.FiveB.Forty-Five.C.FiftyD.Fifteen.Whichstateisthelargestinpopulation?A.California. B.Rhode-Island.C.Alaska D.LosAngeles.Whichstateisthecoldest,thenewest,andthesmallestinpopulation?A.RhodeIsland.B.Seattle.C.SanFrancisco.D.Alaska.Whichofthefollowingistrue?TheoldeststatesaretheonesalongthePacificcoastWashingtonisthemostimportantandthelargestcity.NewYorkisthelargestcityintheUnitedStates.Henry'scousinlivesintheSeattle.WhyisWashington,D.C.themostimportantAmericancity?Because.A.itisthelargestcityB.itisthelargestinpopulationC.itisthemostbeautifulcityD.itisthecapitaloftheUnitedStates版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网版权所有@新世纪教育网新世纪教育网 精品资料版权所有@新世纪教育网（三）Oureatinghabitsareveryimportantforgoodhealthandastrongbody.Therearetimeswhenmostofuswouldhavesweetsandice-creambetterthaneatandrice.Sweetsandice-creamarenotbadforusifweeatthemattheendofameal.—1.Itisimportantforustoeatourmealatthesametimeeverysay.Whenwefeelhungry,itisasignalthatourbodyneedsfood.2.AlongtimeagoinEngland,somejudgesoftendecidedwhetheramanwastellingthetruthbygivinghimsomedrybread.—3.Thoughthisseemsverystrangeandfoolish,theythoughtitwasaverygoodwayoffindingoutthetruth.Amanwhoisworryingaboutsomethinghasdifficultyinswallowinganything