2023年高考英语二轮复习试题（新高考专用）阅读理解01主旨要义Word版含解析

阅读理解解密01主旨要义（分层训练）分层练A分层练A1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】BDouglasSmith,ngardenerfromHertfordshire.theU.K.,recentlysetanewGuinnessWorldRecordforthemosttomatoesgrownonasinglestem(茎),1,269.Upuntillastsummer,therecordforthemosttomatoesgrownonasinglestemhadstoodunchallengedforoveradecade.ThenEnglishfarmerDouglasSmithsethissightonbreakingit,thinkingthathecouldgrowmorethan488fruitsonssinglestem.Heprovedthatlastyear,whenhemanagedtobreaktheoldrecordbygrowing839tomatoesonagreenhouse-grownplant.Itwasquiteanachievement,buthewasonlygettingstarted,asonlyafewweekslaterDouglasSmithbrokehisownrecordbygrowingnolessthan1,269tomatoesonasinglestem.IsDouglasSmithagardeningaddict?Hespendsuptofourhoursadayinhisbackgardentendinghisplants,andhasbeenworkinghardonbecomingthebestpossiblegardenertheworldhaseverseen.Tomaximizehischancesofsettinganewworldrecord,hereadvariousscientificpapersandeventooksoilsamplestobetestedinalaboratory.Andintheend,theyallpaidoff.“Iamoverthemoon,”Douglassaid.“Thisyearwasonlymeanttobeanexperimentalyeartoseewhichvarietieswouldproducethemostfruitsandwehadtofightwithearlyblight(疫病),whichputpaidtoanumberofothertomatoplants.I’mamazedbyhowmanytomatoeswereontheplantintheend.”Growing1,269tomatoesonasinglestemisonlyDouglasSmith’slatestachievement.In2020,hegrewa20-foot-tallsunflower,andalsosetanewnationalrecordfortheheaviesttomato,witha3.106kgtomato.Helikestorunlittleexperimentsonothervegetablesandcrops,andheiscurrentlyexperimentingonpeas,auberginesandpotatoes.1．WhatcanweknowaboutDouglasSmithfromparagraph2?A．Hebroketheoldrecordtwice.B．Hehadplantedthebesttomatoes.C．Hethoughtbreakingtherecordwaseasy.D．Hehadworkedtobreaktherecordforadecade.2．WhichofthefollowingcandescribeDouglasSmithbest?A．Strictandtolerant.B．AttractiveandbraveC．Patientandhard-working.D．Friendlyandhumorous.3．WhatmaybeachallengeforDouglasSmithtobreaktheoldrecord?A．Alackofmoney.B．Skillshortages.C．Buildingalaboratory.D．Dealingwiththeblight.4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Therecord’ssignificance.B．DouglasSmith’snextplan.C．Thedetailsabouttheheaviesttomato.D．MoreinformationaboutDouglasSmith’splanting.【答案】1．A

2．C

3．D

4．D【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了打破吉尼斯世界纪录的DouglasSmith种植番茄和其他植物的故事。1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Itwasquiteanachievement,buthewasonlygettingstarted,asonlyafewweekslaterDouglasSmithbrokehisownrecordbygrowingnolessthan1,269tomatoesonasinglestem.Heprovedthatlastyear,whenhemanagedtobreaktheoldrecordbygrowing839tomatoesonagreenhouse-grownplant.（去年他就证明了这一点，他在温室里种了839个西红柿，打破了以前的纪录。这是一项相当大的成就，但他才刚刚开始，因为仅仅几周后，DouglasSmith就打破了自己的纪录，在一根茎上种出了超过1269个西红柿。）”可知，DouglasSmith两次打破原先的世界记录。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据第三段二三句“Hespendsuptofourhoursadayinhisbackgardentendinghisplants,andhasbeenworkinghardonbecomingthebestpossiblegardenertheworldhaseverseen.Tomaximizehischancesofsettinganewworldrecord,hereadvariousscientificpapersandeventooksoilsamplestobetestedinalaboratory.（他每天在后花园里花四个小时打理植物，并一直在努力成为世界上有史以来最好的园丁。最大限度地提高他创造新世界纪录的机会，他阅读了各种科学论文，甚至取了土壤样本在实验室进行测试。）”可知，愿意花数个小时打理植物，并努力阅读相关论文的DouglasSmith是一个很有耐心很勤奋的人。故选C项。3．推理判断题。根据第四段他说的话“Thisyearwasonlymeanttobeanexperimentalyeartoseewhichvarietieswouldproducethemostfruitsandwehadtofightwithearlyblight(疫病),whichputpaidtoanumberofothertomatoplants.（今年只是一个试验性的一年，看看哪些品种会结出最多的果实，我们必须与早期疫病作斗争，这毁掉了许多其他番茄苗。）”可知，导致很多番茄苗被毁掉的疫病是他面临的挑战。故选D项。4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“Helikestorunlittleexperimentsonothervegetablesandcrops,andheiscurrentlyexperimentingonpeas,auberginesandpotatoes.（他喜欢在其他蔬菜和作物上做一些小实验，目前他正在豌豆、茄子和土豆上做实验。）”，可知这一段谈及番茄之外其他的一些植物种植情况。故选D项。2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】BJustastheshinybrochurepromised,fromthemomentIsetfootontheHarvardcampuslastfall,Iwasexposedtoanexcitingandenlighteningnewworld.Iwasbornandraised1,500milesaway,inasmallapartmentinJackson,Mississippi.Iamtheonlychild,somymotheroverpoweredmewithherlove.Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,sheworkedawfullyhardtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,andevenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwasbeyondconsideration.Itleftmeabitbitterasateenager,butIgrewtoappreciateherenormoussacrifices(牺牲)—walkingmetothelibraryeveryafternoon,laboringatmultiplejobstokeepfoodonthetable,andtellingmestorieslateintothenight.WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenioryearofhighschoolthatIhaddecidedtoapplytoHarvard,Inoticedherhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.Ipretendednottosee,butIwasneverabletoforgetit.Itriedtoexplainmyreasonsforwantingtoleave-toproveIwassmartenough,fearoftakingthepathofleastresistance,theclassicteenagefeelingofbeingtrapped—butthewordsjustmademesoundshallowandungrateful.Nevertheless,Ibegantoworkonthecollegeapplications-anearlyoneforHarvardandroughlyadozenothersstandingby.IknewthechanceofgettingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,IwasinformedofmyacceptanceintoHarvardthreedaysbeforemybirthday.Thatnight,afterallofthecelebratorytextsandhugs,Isatinmyroomandbegantocryuncontrollably.Overthecourseofthisyear,IhavechangedinwaysIneveranticipated.IthinkIknownowwhymymotherletmego.Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookattheworld,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwouldnottradetheexperienceforanything.1．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mostprobablymeans________.A．madeadifferencetoB．madepeacewith2．Whatwasthemother’sfirstresponsetotheauthor’sdecision?A．Shewasworriedaboutit.B．Shelaughedatit.C．Sheapprovedofitimmediately.D．Sheturnedadeafeartoit.3．WhatdidtheauthorsayabouthisadmissiontoHarvard?A．Itdeservedabigcelebration.B．Itservedasalatebirthdaypresent.C．Itwasbeyondhisexpectations.D．Itwasafavorheowedhismother.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LifelongLearninginHarvardB．ReflectionsontheRoadtoHarvardC．WhatHarvardMeanstoMyMotherandMeD．HowHarvardShapesMyTeenageYears【答案】1．D

2．A

3．C

4．B【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。1．词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后“Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,sheworkedawfullyhardtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,andevenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwasbeyondconsideration.(作为一个能看到世界上这么多美好事物的人，她却非常努力地保护我不受它的伤害。看电视、听说唱音乐，甚至和街区里的孩子们一起打篮球都是不可能的)”可推知，母亲对作者的管教很严格，所以画线词所在句意为“我是独生子，所以我的母亲用她的爱控制了我”，overpowered意为“控制”。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenioryearofhighschoolthatIhaddecidedtoapplytoHarvard,Inoticedherhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.(在我升入高三的那个夏天，我告诉母亲我决定申请去哈佛念书，我察觉到母亲脸上那一丝犹豫，尽管那很快就被温暖的笑容所掩盖)”可知，母亲对作者的决定的第一反应是担心。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“IknewthechanceofgettingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,IwasinformedofmyacceptanceintoHarvardthreedaysbeforemybirthday.(我知道进入哈佛的胜算并不是我能决定的。令我高兴的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛录取了)”可知，被哈佛大学录取超出了作者的预料。故选C。4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookattheworld,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwouldnottradetheexperienceforanything.(哈佛迫使我成长，让我以公正的眼光看待这个世界和我自己。不用说，我不会拿这段经历换任何东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。故选B。3.【河南省新乡市2023届高三上学期第一次模拟】DOneofthemostcommonbeliefsamongresearchersisthathumansfirstarrivedinNorthAmerica16,000yearsago.Accordingtoarecentfossildiscovery,thatmightnotbetrue.ThenewfindingsuggeststhathumansmighthavearrivedinNorthAmericafarearlier.In2013,adamagedmammoth(猛犸象)skullandotherbonesthatlooked“deliberatelybroken”werefound.Thedamagetothebonessuggestedthathumansweretheoneswhocausedittomaketools.Carbon-datinganalysissuggestedthepiecesareroughly37,000yearsold.Thisdiscoverycouldshiftourunderstandingofhumans‘earliestexistenceinNorthAmerica.Thesefossilssuggesthumanskilledanimalsintheareamuchearlierthan16,000yearsago.PreviousresearchledscientiststobelievethefirsthumansthatsettledinNorthAmericabelongedtotheClovisculture.Thiswasagroupofpeoplewholeftbehindcarefullymadetools16,000yearsago.However,carbon-datinganalysisofthemammothbonesindicatesthatthesiteisaround36,250to38,900yearsold.Thatmeansit’stheoldestknownsiteleftbehindbyancienthumansinNorthAmerica.“That’snottheonlyinterestingthingaboutthediscovery,”saidTimothyRowe,aprofessorattheUniversityofTexas.“Thesimilarfindingssupportinganearlierdateforhumanarrivalhavebeenmostlyignored.Thisisbecausetheyhavecontradictedpreviousresearch.”Now,however,hethinksthere’sagoodchancethatresearcherswillfindevidenceofhumansfartherbackintime.Theearlyhumansshapedbonesintosharpblades,whichwereusedtotakeapartanimals’remains,accordingtoRowe.Therearealsosignsthattheycookedtheanimalbonesoverafiretomeltoffthefat.“Therealevidencethatwehavehastodowiththebreakagepatterns,andhowthoroughtheyare.Theymusthaveusedrocksorhammerstonestobusttheskeletonapart...Thesepeoplewouldusewhatevertheycould,”RowetoldUSAToday.1．WhatcanbelearntabouttheearliesthumansinNorthAmerica?A．Theyarrivedthere16,000yearsago.B．Theycausedmammothtodisappear.C．TheybelongedtotheClovisculture.D．Theycouldmaketoolswithbones.2．Whyarethefindingssimilartothenewoneignored?A．Theylackagoodchance.B．Theyfailtodrawattention.C．Theydisagreewithearlierresearch.D．Theyaren’tstudiedscientifically.3．HowdoesRowefindthenewdiscovery?A．Inspiring.B．Annoying.C．Puzzling.D．Embarrassing.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheEarliestHumans’SettlinginNorthAmericaB．EvidenceofEarlierHumans’ArrivalinNorthAmericaC．TheEarliestToolMakersinNorthAmericaD．ResearchonMammothsinNorthAmerica【答案】1．D

2．C

3．A

4．B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thedamagetothebonessuggestedthathumansweretheoneswhocausedittomaketools.(骨头上的损伤表明是人类制造的工具造成的)”可知，北美洲最早的人类可以用骨头制作工具。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Thesimilarfindingssupportinganearlierdateforhumanarrivalhavebeenmostlyignored.Thisisbecausetheyhavecontradictedpreviousresearch.(支持人类更早到达的类似发现大多被忽视了。这是因为它们与之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，与新发现相似的早期发现被忽略是因为与早期研究相矛盾。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Now,however,hethinksthere’sagoodchancethatresearcherswillfindevidenceofhumansfartherbackintime.(然而，现在他认为研究人员很有可能找到更早以前人类存在的证据)”可知，Rowe认为新的研究很有可能帮助研究人员找到更早以前人类存在的证据。由此推知，Rowe认为这个发现是鼓舞人心的。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“OneofthemostcommonbeliefsamongresearchersisthathumansfirstarrivedinNorthAmerica16,000yearsago.Accordingtoarecentfossildiscovery,thatmightnotbetrue.ThenewfindingsuggeststhathumansmighthavearrivedinNorthAmericafarearlier.(研究人员最普遍的观点之一是，人类在16000年前首次到达北美。根据最近的化石发现，这可能不是真的。这项新发现表明，人类可能更早到达北美)”和第二段的“Thisdiscoverycouldshiftourunderstandingofhumans‘earliestexistenceinNorthAmerica.Thesefossilssuggesthumanskilledanimalsintheareamuchearlierthan16,000yearsago.(这一发现可能会改变我们对人类最早在北美存在的理解。这些化石表明，早在一万六千年前，人类就在该地区捕杀动物)”可知，本文主要介绍新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。B项“早期人类到达北美的证据”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。4.【河北省唐山市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】CTheuniverseisincrediblyvast.Thediameter(直径)oftheobservableuniverseisestimatedtobeabout93billionlightyearsacross.Withjustoureyes,wecangenerallyonlyseeafewthousandlightyearsworthofdistancethoughtherearesomeobjectswecanseethataremuchfurtheraway.ThefarthestobjectwecanseewithoureyesisAndromedaGalaxy(仙女座星系)located2.5millionlightyearsaway,andyetitisonlyvisibleifthereislittlelightpollution.Inordertoseefartherintospace,wemustrelyontelescopes.Howfarcanweseeusingthemostpowerfultelescopes?TheHubbleSpaceTelescope(HST)wastherecordholderforthefarthestvisibledistanceinspaceuntilthelaunchoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)in2021.JWSTisnowthemostpowerfultelescopeeverbuilt,anditisabletoseetheuniverseasitwasonly200millionyearsaftertheBigBang.ThatmeansthatJWSTisabletopiecetogetheranadditional300millionyearsofuniversalhistorycomparedtoHST.JWSTwillbeabletostudysomeofthefirstgalaxiestoformaftertheBigBang.ThefarthestphysicaldistancewecanseeistheCosmicMicrowaveBackgroundRadiation(CMBR).CMBRcanbethoughtofastheecho(回声)oftheBigBangasitistheleftoverradiationfromthebirthoftheuniverse.TheCMBRitselfisthefarthestpossibledistancehumanscanseeasitrepresentsthemomentthattheuniversebecametransparenttolight.AlthoughlightdidexistbeforeCMBR,gasanddustweresimplytoodenseforlighttocrossspace.CMBRformedonly380,000yearsaftertheBigBang,andsoweareseeingtheuniversepriortotheformationofeventhefirststars.1．WhydoestheauthormentionAndromedaGalaxy?A．Topresenttheoriginoftheuniverse.B．Tostresstheseverityofspacepollution.C．Toshowthelimitedrangeofhumanvision.D．Toprovehumans'wonderfulviewofspace.2．WhatdoweknowaboutJWST?A．Itwaslaunchedin2022.B．ItismoreadvancedthanHST.C．Itcansee300millionyearsaftertheBigBang.D．Itwasusedtostudytheformationofthefirstgalaxies.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dense"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Distant.B．Rare.C．Tiny.D．Thick.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowFarCanHumansSeeInSpace?B．HowWillJWSTBeApplied?C．HowWillHumansExploreSpace?D．HowFarCanJWSTSee?【答案】1．C

2．B

3．D

4．A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了我们用肉眼观察到的宇宙范围十分有限，但是在太空望远镜的帮助下可以看到大爆炸后形成的第一批星系。1．目的意图题。根据文章第一段中“Withjustoureyes,wecangenerallyonlyseeafewthousandlightyearsworthofdistance.(仅凭我们的眼睛，我们通常只能看到几千光年的距离。)”以及“Inordertoseefartherintospace,wemustrelyontelescopes.Howfarcanweseeusingthemostpowerfultelescopes?(为了看得更远的太空，我们必须依靠望远镜。使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远?)”可知，作者提到仙女座星系是想表达肉眼可见范围十分有限，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“TheHubbleSpaceTelescope(HST)wastherecordholderforthefarthestvisibledistanceinspaceuntilthelaunchoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)in2021.(在2021年詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）发射之前，哈勃太空望远镜（HST）一直是太空最远可见距离的纪录保持者。)”及“ThatmeansthatJWSTisabletopiecetogetheranadditional300millionyearsofuniversalhistorycomparedtoHST.JWSTwillbeabletostudysomeofthefirstgalaxiestoformaftertheBigBang.(这意味着与HST相比，JWST能够再拼凑3亿年的普世历史。)”可知，JWST(詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜)比HST(哈勃太空望远镜)更先进可以观测到更远的范围，故选B。3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“AlthoughlightdidexistbeforeCMBR,gasanddustweresimplytoodenseforlighttocrossspace(虽然光在宇宙微波背景辐射之前就已经存在，但气体和尘埃的密度太大，光无法穿过空间。)”以及结合光无法穿过空间可知，是因为气体和尘埃的原因，光无法穿过的可能性是气体和尘埃密度太大，故选D。4．标题判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Howfarcanweseeusingthemostpowerfultelescopes?(使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远)”及各段大意，文章第一段主要讲述了肉眼可见最远距离，第二段讲述了新的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的优势，第三段讲述了我们能看到的最远物理距离。可知，文章主要讲述了人类可观测到的最远距离，故选A。分层练B分层练B1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】CThesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(无人机)ategettinginontheaction.Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists,theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird.Sure,there’splentyofsatellitefootagealreadyoutthere,butdronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.In2013,forexample,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)sentadroneintotheTurrialbaVolcanoinCostaRicatogatherdataaboutitsemissions.Thetemperature,ashheightandgasconcentrationinformationcollectedduringthemissionhelpedearthscientistsdeterminewhichwaythevolcanicandpotentiallypoisonousgaseruptingfromthevolcanowasmovingandtakestepstolimititsenvironmentalimpact.Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.Theyusedronesequippedwithinfrared(红外线的)camerastosweepintoplacesthattheymayotherwisenotbeabletoreachtomonitorandcollectdataonthemeltingice.Thesameflyingmachinesmayalsoeventuallybeusedtotransportotherdatacollectiontoolsintothewild.1．Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bylistingdata.C．Bydrawingadistinction.D．Bymakingassumptions.2．Whatmainlymakesdronesusedtobetterwatchnature?A．Thehighsafety.B．Thehugespace.C．Therecoverycapabilityafterdamage.D．Theabilitytocollectdataatahighaltitude.3．Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusaboutdrones?A．Theirproductionsteps.B．Theirpracticalfunctions.C．Theirpotentialimpactsontheatmosphere.D．Theirdatasetformotoringtheenvironment.4．Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Drones:PoisonousB．Drones:Eco-friendlyC．Drones:LimitedD．Drones:Adaptable【答案】1．A

2．D

3．B

4．B【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在环境保护方面的应用。1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(无人机)ategettinginontheaction.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。从加利福尼亚到日本沿海的每个开放空间似乎都出现了使用电力和替代燃料的汽车、太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场。就连无人机也加入了行动。）可知，本段中作者列举了生活中随处可见的环保行文：电动汽车代替燃料汽车，太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场，引入了本文的话题。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists.theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird”(它们提供的空中眼睛帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么。对于环境学家和地球科学家来说，这些飞行器可以被送到空中去记录大片区域的影像来追踪气候变化，迁徙以及砍伐和焚烧森林树木的行为，这些都不需要购买直升机，租用飞机或者给鸟类装摄像机。）可知，使用无人机可以帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么，可以在空中实现影像采集，追踪气候变化，动物迁徙以及人类对森林的破坏行为。故选D。3．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中“dronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.”（无人机可以让研究人员精确定位数据集，他们希望得到一个更快，更近距离地观察他们要监视的区域。）讲述了无人机能实现的功能。最后一段中“Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.”（同样，北极研究人员正在使用无人机帮助研究气温变化和冰川融化。)具体说明了无人机在研究气温变化和冰川融化方面的帮助作用。所以两段主要说明了无人机的实际生活中的运用。故选B。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。）“Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.”（无人驾驶飞行器也正在全球范围内用于环境保护。）同时根据本段中的举例，引出了文章的话题：无人机在环境保护方面的应用。第二段提到了无人机可用于观测自然的原因，最后两段阐述了无人机的实际应用。所以本文的标题应为：用于环境保护的无人机。选项B与文意相符，故选B。2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】CNearly10millionpeopleworldwidelivewithParkinson’sdisease.WhileParkinson’sisincurable,someofitsworstsymptomscanberelievedandcontrolledusingmedications.Amajorproblemofgettingeffectivetreatmentattherighttimeisidentifyingthediseasesoonenough,beforepatientsexperiencethesymptomsbroughtonbyirreversible(不可逆转的)neuronloss.Butscientistsmighthavejustthethingtochangethesituation.Anditinvolvesanose.InastudypublishedinthejournalACSOmega,researchersfromChina’sZhejiangUniversitycreatedan“e-nose,”aportabledevicethatcandetectbodysmellsspecifictoParkinson’spatients.ItmaycomeasasurprisetolearnParkinson’spatientshavetheirownsmells.ButafteraretirednurseinScotlandmadeheadlinesin2015foraheightenedsenseofsmellthatledtoherownhusband’sParkinson’sdiagnosis,scientistshavebeentryinghardtocreateadevicethatcouldsmellthediseasebeforephysicalsymptomsstarttoshow.Overtheyears,scientistshavefoundpeoplewithParkinson’stendtoproducemoresebum(皮脂)thantheaverageperson.Thissebummixeswithotheroverproducedsubstancestoproducecertain,uniquesmells.Totrackdownthesesmells,theZhejiangUniversityresearchersswabbed(用拭子擦拭)theupperbacksof31Parkinson’spatientsand32healthyvolunteers.Usingmachine-learningsoftware,theywereabletoidentifythreesmellcompoundsthathealthyvolunteerslacked.Theresearchersthentestedthee-noseonsebumtakenfrom12Parkinson’spatientsand12healthypeople.Thedevicewasfoundtobeabout71percentaccurateindistinguishinghealthysebumfromParkinson’ssebum.Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforethee-noseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikeraceaffectthee-nose’sperformanceinanyway.Butfornow,asthenumberofpeoplelivingwithParkinson’sintheU.S.isexpectedtoriseto1.2millionby2030,anosemightbethebestoptiontodetectthisdisease.1．WhatmakesitdifficultforParkinson’spatientstogeteffectivetreatment?A．Itsmedicationsareinshortsupply.B．Itinvolvesirreversibleneuronloss.C．Itsearlysignsarenoteasytonotice.D．It’snotacurablediseasemedically.2．WhatdidtheScottishnursefind?A．Herhusband’sbodygaveoffastrangesmell.B．Herhusbandhadaheightenedsenseofsmell.C．Asmellcausedherhusbandtosufferfromadisease.D．Asmellcouldrelieveherhusband’sParkinson’ssymptoms.3．Whatwilltheresearchersdoconcerningtheirinvention?A．Putitintoclinicaluse.B．Conductabroadertest.C．Createmorelabmodels.D．ExpanditsmarketoutsidetheU.S.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Thise-nosecansmellParkinson’sB．Parkinson’spatientsproducemoresebumC．PeoplelivingwithParkinson’sareontheriseD．ResearchershavefoundtreatmentforParkinson’s【答案】1．C

2．A

3．B

4．A【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是患有帕金森病的患者在获得有效的救治之前往往很难发现早期的症状，针对于这个问题研究人员研发出了一种可以检测出患者在身体症状出现之前的特有气味的便携式设备——“电子鼻”。1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Amajorproblemofgettingeffectivetreatmentattherighttimeisidentifyingthediseasesoonenough,beforepatientsexperiencethesymptomsbroughtonbyirreversible(不可逆转的)neuronloss.(在正确的时间获得有效治疗的一个主要问题是，在患者经历不可逆的神经元损失带来的症状之前，尽快确定疾病。)”可知只有尽快确定疾病，帕金森患者才能在正确的时间里得到有效的救治，所以可以推断出早期症状的难以发现使帕金森患者得到有效救治变得困难。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ButafteraretirednurseinScotlandmadeheadlinesin2015foraheightenedsenseofsmellthatledtoherownhusband’sParkinson’sdiagnosis(但2015年，苏格兰一名退休护士因为她敏锐的嗅觉帮助其丈夫被诊断出帕金森病而上了头条。)”可知这名苏格兰退休护士发现她丈夫的身体发出一种特殊的气味。故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforethee-noseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikeraceaffectthee-nose’sperformanceinanyway.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。)”可知为了提高模型的准确性，在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要进行更广泛的测试。故选B项。4．主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲的是电子鼻出现的背景——帕金森病人在得到正确救治之前很难发现其症状，第二、三、四和五段主要围绕着电子鼻的研发，测试及功效展开，最后一段“Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforethee-noseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikeraceaffectthee-nose’sperformanceinanyway.Butfornow,asthenumberofpeoplelivingwithParkinson’sintheU.S.isexpectedtoriseto1.2millionby2030,anosemightbethebestoptiontodetectthisdisease.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。但目前，美国帕金森患者的数量预计将上升到120万。到2030年，电子鼻可能是检测这种疾病的最佳选择。)”向我们展示了电子鼻的使用前景，对全文进行总结。纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着一种能够测出帕金森患者身上特有气味的电子鼻展开，所以A项Thise-nosecansmellParkinson’s作为文章的标题最为合适。故选A项。3.【河北省张家口市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】DWhenAnikaPurivisitedIndiawithherfamilyfouryearsago,shewassurprisedtocomeacrossamarketinBombayfilledwithrowsofivoryjewelry(象牙饰品)andstatues.Globally,ivorytradehasbeenillegalformorethan30years,andelephanthuntinghasbeenprohibitedinIndiasincethe1970s.“Iwasquiteshocked,”the17-year-oldfromNewYork,recalls,“Becausepoaching(偷猎)isillegal,howcomeitisstillsuchabigissue?”Curious,Purididsomeresearchanddiscoveredashockingstatistic:Africa’sforestelephantpopulationhaddeclinedbyabout62percentbetween2002and2011.Yearslater,thenumberscontinuedtodrop.Puri,awildlifelover,wantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesandothersstillthreatenedbypoaching.Overthecourseoftwoyears,PuricreatedEISa,alow-costproductofamachinelearning-drivensoftwarethatanalyzesmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared(热红外)videosofhumansandelephants.Purisaysthesoftwareisfourtimesmoreaccuratethanexistingstate-of-the-artdetectionmethods.Italsoeliminatestheneedforexpensivehigh-definitionthermalcameras,whichcancostthousands,shesays.EISausesa$250FLIRONEProthermalcamerawith206*156resolutionthatplugsintoanoff-the-shelfiPhone6.ThecameraandiPhonearethenattachedtoadrone(无人机),andthesystemproducesreal-timeinferencesasitfliesoverparksastowhetherobjectsbelowarehumansorelephants.ItspotentialimpactonsocietyearnedherthePeggyScrippsAwardforScienceCommunication.“Researchisn’tastraightline,”Purisays.“Itmakesmeresourceful.Ithelpsmedevelopintoamorecreativethinker.”1．WhatinspiredAnikaPuritomaketheinvention?A．OnestudytriptoBombay.B．Thedeeppassionforlaw.C．OnevisitinIndia.D．Herloveforivory.2．HowdoestheauthorexplainthesituationofAfrica’sforestelephant?A．Bylistingfigures.B．Bymakingcomparison.C．Byshowinganexample.D．Byreferringtosomeformerstudies.3．What’stheresearchlikeinAnikaPuri’s