2019年英语新必修三讲义Unit4SectionⅠWarmingUpReading-Pre-reading

Ifyouwatchtheskyaboutanhourafterthesungoesdown,youmayseesome“movingstars”.Butthey'renotrealstars.Theyareman­madesatellites.AndthebiggestofallistheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS国际空间站)．FromnowuntilJulyisthebestseasontowatchtheISSflyingovertheearth,andpeoplecanseeitjustwiththeireyes.TheISSisthebiggestman­madesatellitebecausescientistswanttoliveonit.Theythinkthatthebestwaytolearnmoreaboutspaceistolivethere.Whenthespacestationisfinished,itwillbelikeacityinspace.Peoplewillstayandstudytherewithmanyofthethingstheyhaveathome.Laboratories,livingroomsandpowerstationsarebeingbuilt.TheISSisthemostambitiousandexpensivespaceprogramever.Billionsofdollarsarebeingspentoniteveryyear.ScientistshopethattheISSwillbeastepping­stoneforfuturespaceexploration.“TheISSwillhelpusbetterunderstandthehumanbody,explorespaceandstudytheearth.Itcanhelpusmakelifeontheearthbetter，”saidKathrynClark,anISSscientist.ChinaisnotanISScountry,butithashelpedwithsomeoftheexperiments.ChinasentsomericeuptotheISStofindoutwhatspacewoulddotoit.TheISSisnotfinishedyet.Morethan100partsneedtobeputon.Scientistshopeitwillbefinishedassoonaspossible.Afterit'sfinished,morethan90%oftheworld'spopulationwillbeabletoseetheSpaceStation.Sokeeplookingup,andmaybeyou'llseeitgetbigger.Section_ⅠWarming__Up_&_Reading_—_Pre­reading[原文呈现][读文清障]HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago①.However,accordingto②awidelyaccepted③theory④，theuniversebeganwith⑤a“BigBang⑥”thatthrewmatterinalldirections⑦.Afterthat,atoms⑧begantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Forseveralbillion⑨yearsafterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust⑩.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe⑪.Theearthbecamesoviolent⑫thatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot⑬.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimeto⑭producecarbondioxide⑮，nitrogen⑯，watervapour⑰andothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere⑱.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown⑲，waterbegantoappearonitssurface.①asithappenedsolongago是as引导的原因状语从句。②accordingto“根据”，后跟名词、代词等，不跟me,us,view,opinion等词。③widelyaccepted广泛接受的④theory/'θIərI/n．学说；理论⑤beginwith(＝startwith)从……开始，起源于⑥BigBang宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸⑦inalldirections(＝ineverydirection)朝四面八方⑧atom/'ætəm/n．原子⑨billion/'bIlIən/pron.&n.&adj.〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿⑩acloudofdust一团尘埃acloudof一般用来修饰不可数名词。⑪globe/ɡləʊb/n．球体；地球仪；地球global/'ɡləʊbl/adj.全球性的；全世界的⑫violent/'vaIələnt/adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的⑬it为形式主语，whether从句为真正的主语。⑭intimetodosth./forsth.及时做某事；来得及做某事intime及时；终于⑮carbondioxide二氧化碳carbon/'kɑːbən/n．碳dioxide/daI'ɒksaId/n．二氧化物⑯nitrogen/'naItrədʒən/n．氮⑰watervapour蒸气；水蒸气vapour/'veIpə/n．水蒸气；蒸气⑱atmosphere/'ætməsfIə/n．大气层；气氛⑲cooldown凉下来，冷却地球上生命的起源[第1～2段译文]没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，因为在很久以前它就形成了。然而，根据一种普遍为人们所接受的理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，地球还只是一团尘埃。(随后)它变成什么没人确定，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固态的球体。地球变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火和岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更重要的是，随着地球冷却了下来，地球的表面开始出现了水。WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unlike⑳theearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaleq\o(○,\s\up1(21))tothedevelopmentoflifeeq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwatereq\o(○,\s\up1(23))allowedtheearthtodissolveeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))harmfuleq\o(○,\s\up1(25))gasesandacidseq\o(○,\s\up1(26))intotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreactioneq\o(○,\s\up1(27))，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))andfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygeneq\o(○,\s\up1(29))，whichencouragedeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))thelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfisheq\o(○,\s\up1(31))andallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))calledamphibianseq\o(○,\s\up1(33))，wereabletoliveonlandaswellaseq\o(○,\s\up1(34))inthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptileseq\o(○,\s\up1(35))appearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggseq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurseq\o(○,\s\up1(37))，developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))ontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaurseq\o(○,\s\up1(39))ended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedeq\o(○,\s\up1(40))stillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalseq\o(○,\s\up1(41))ontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))youngbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.⑳unlike/ʌn'laIk/prep.与……不同；不像反义词likeprep.与……相同eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))fundamental/ˌfʌndə'mentl/adj.基本的；基础的befundamentalto是……的基础eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthat...,it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))thecontinuedpresenceofwater水的长期存在continuedadj.持续不断的presence/'prezns/n．出席；到场；存在eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))dissolve/dI'zɒlv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))harmful/'hɑːmfl/adj.有害的beharmfulto对……有害(＝doharmto)eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))acid/'æsId/n．酸eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))achainreaction连锁反应chain/tʃeIn/n.链子；连锁；锁链inchains戴着镣铐reaction/rI'ækʃn/n．反应；回应eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))multiply/'mʌltIplaI/vi.&vt.乘；增加eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))oxygen/'ɒksIdʒən/n．氧eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))encouragevt.鼓励；激励；促进；激发eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))shellfish/'ʃelfIʃ/n.水生有壳动物eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))calledamphibians“被称为两栖动物”，过去分词短语called...作后置定语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))amphibian/æm'fIbIən/n．两栖动物eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))aswellas也；还；与……一样好eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))reptile/'reptaIl/n.爬行动物；爬虫eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))layeggs下蛋；产卵eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))dinosaurn．恐龙eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))exist/Ig'zIst/vi.存在；生存eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))theageofthedinosaurs恐龙时代eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))why引导的主语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))theriseofmammals哺乳动物的兴起mammal/'mæml/n．哺乳动物eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))givebirthto产生；分娩[第3～4段译文]在其他行星像火星上也出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。好几百万年以后，水的表面开始出现了第一批极小的植物。它们繁殖起来使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始在陆地上生长。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，它们既能在陆地上生活，也能在水里生活。后来，当这些植物长成森林时，爬行动物第一次出现了。它们一般是通过孵蛋来繁衍后代的。再后来，一些叫恐龙的巨型动物出现了。它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的兴起成为了可能。这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态，因为它们从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。Finallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thuseq\o(○,\s\up1(43))theyhave,intheirturneq\o(○,\s\up1(44))，becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheyarenotlookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingeq\o(○,\s\up1(45))fromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofeq\o(○,\s\up1(46))this,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybecometoohottoliveoneq\o(○,\s\up1(47)).Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependoneq\o(○,\s\up1(48))whetherthisproblemcanbesolved.eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))thus/ðʌs/adv.因此；于是eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))inone'sturn轮到某人；接着eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))prevent...fromdoing阻止/制止……做eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))asaresultof由于……的结果eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))toohottoliveon太热而不能在上面居住too...to...太……而不能……；liveon中的on不能省略，因为theearth是其逻辑上的宾语，而live是不及物动词，后须加介词才能跟宾语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))dependon取决于；依靠[第5段译文]最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明、长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们并没有照顾好地球，他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。因此，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不适合生物的生存。所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。Pre­readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．astronomyA．学说；理论2．system B．猛烈的；激烈的3．theoryC．大气层；气氛4．violent D．基本的；基础的5．atmosphereE．乘；增加6．fundamentalF．谜；(使)迷惑7．harmfulG．存在；生存8．multiplyH．有害的9．existI．天文学10．puzzleJ．系统；体系；制度11．unlikeK．宗教；宗教信仰12．religionL．与……不同；不像1～5________6～10________11～12________答案：1～5IJABC6～10DHEGF11～12LKLead­inLookatthepicturesbelowandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Areyouinterestedinastronomy？Whatcanyouseeinthefollowingpictures?答案：A.TheSolarSystem B．TheMilkyWayC．TheBlackHole2．Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Whatdoyouknowabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth?eq\a\vs4\al(1,,,,)eq\a\vs4\al(InChineseculture，Nüwamadehumanbeings.)eq\a\vs4\al(2,,,,,)eq\a\vs4\al(Inwesterncountries，Godcreatedtheworldandalllivingthings.)While­readingFast­reading1．Firstlookatthetitleandthepicturesofthetext,andthenskimthefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandfinishthefollowingquestion.What'sthemainideaofthetext?Thepassagemainlytellsusthe_formation_of_the_earth_and_the_development_of_life_on_it.2.Matchthemainideawiththeproperparagraph.(1)Paragraph1A．ontheearth.(2)Paragraph2 B．Waterisveryimportanttolifeontheearth.(3)Paragraph3C．(4)Paragraph4 D．Howtheplantsandanimalsontheearthdeveloped.(5)Paragraph5E．Itiswidelyacceptedthattheuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”．答案：(1)～(5)ECBDACareful­readingChoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．theearth'satmosphereB．thesolarsystemC．thedevelopmentoflifeD．thedifferencebetweentheearthandotherplanets2．Whathappenedshortlyafterthe“BigBang”？A．Theearthwasjustacloudofenergeticdust.B．Theearthbecameasolidballquickly.C．Theearth'satmosphereappeared.D．Waterstayedonthemoon.3．Whatmakestheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?A．It'squitewarmontheearth.B．Thereisplentyofatmosphere.C．Smallplantsgrowingonthesurfaceofthewaterappeared.D．Thefirstoceansandseaswerefilledwithoxygen.4．When________，reptilesappeared.A．thefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonlandB．landanimalsappearedC．theplantsgrewintoforestsD．earlyshellfishdeveloped答案：1～4CACCStudy­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.[句式分析][尝试翻译]没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，因为在很久以前它就形成了。2．Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[句式分析][尝试翻译]随后它变成什么没人确定，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固态的球体。3．Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.[句式分析]这是一个复合句。what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；as在表语从句中引导状语从句。[尝试翻译]更重要的是，随着地球的不断冷却，地球表面出现了水。4．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.[句式分析][尝试翻译]所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。Ⅰ.阅读理解AEdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematical(数学)problem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughhehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(椭圆)．NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredout(解决；计算出)theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Thedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.Themorehalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets,aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeaprediction(预言)ofwhatcometwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehasdiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethasbeencalledHalley'scomet,inhishonor.eq\x(语篇解读：本文主要介绍了200多年前英国科学家哈雷以及他的发现。)1．Halleymadehisdiscovery________.A．bydoingexperimentsB．bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC．byusingtheworkofotherscientistsD．bychance解析：选C细节理解题。由文中第三段“Hefiguredout(解决；计算出)theorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.”可知应选C。2．Halleymadeasurprising,butcorrectpredictionintheyear________.A．1704B．1705C．1706 D．1707解析：选B数字计算题。第五段中的“Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。3．Thispassageingeneralisabout________.A．HalleyandotherscientistsB．theorbitofacometC．NewtonandHalleyD．Halleyandhisdiscovery解析：选D主旨大意题。文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.B．Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.C．Newtonwasafamousmathematician.D．Theorbitofacomethadtheshapeofacircle.解析：选C细节理解题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第1题的分析中可知B项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D项。BTheplan：turntheMarsintoablueworldwithstreamsandgreenfields,andthenfillitwithcreaturesfromtheearth.Thisideamaysoundlikesomethingfromsciencefiction,butitisactuallybeingtakenseriouslybymanyresearchers.Thissuggeststhefutureforthe“redplanet”willbethemaintopicfordiscussionataninternationalconferencehostedbyNASAthisweek.Leadingresearchersaswellassciencefictionwriterswillattendtheevent.ItcomesasNASAispreparingamulti­billion­dollarMarsresearchprogramme.“TurningtheMarsintoalittleearthhaslongbeenatopicinsciencefiction，”saidDr.MichaelMeyer,NASA'sseniorscientist.“Now,withscientistsexploringthereality,wecanaskwhataretherealpossibilitiesofchangingtheMars.”MostscientistsagreethattheMarscouldbeturnedintoalittleearth,althoughmuchtimeandmoneywouldbeneededtoachievethisgoal.Butmanyexpertsareshockedbytheidea.“Wearedestroyingourownworldatanunbelievablespeedandnowwearetalkingaboutruininganotherplanet，”saidPaulMurdinfromtheInstituteofAstronomy,Cambridge,UK.Overthepastmonths,scientistshavebecomeincreasinglyconfidenttheywillfindMartianlifeforms.EuropeandAmerica'srobotexplorershavefoundtheproofthatwater,mixedwithsoil,existsinlargeamountsontheplanet.Inaddition,twodifferentgroupsofscientistsannouncedonMarch28thattheyhadfoundsignsofmethane(甲烷)intheMartianatmosphere;thegasisawasteproductoflivingcreaturesandcouldbeproducedbymicrobes(微生物)livingintheredplanet'ssoil.ButscientistssuchasDr.LisaPratt,abiologistatIndianaUniversity,saythatthesemicrobeswillbeputindangerbythelittleearthproject.“BeforewehaveevendiscoveredifthereislifeontheMars,wearetalkingaboutcarryingoutprojectsthatwoulddestroyallthesenativelifeforms,allthestrangemicrobesthatwehopetofindburiedinthesoil，”saidDr.Pratt.MonicaGrady,aplanetaryscientistattheNaturalHistoryMuseum,London,sharesthisview.“Wecannotriskstartingaglobalexperimentthatwouldwipeoutthepreciousinformationwearelookingfor，语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。在太空开拓人类新的生存领地一直是科幻小说的主题，也是人类一直希望实现的梦想。如今，美国的一部分科学家想把红色火星改造成蓝色的“生命天堂”。就这一提议科学家们展开了讨论。5．Thepassageisabout________.A．aplanturningtheMarsintoalittleearthB．thenecessityofchangingtheMarsC．findingwaterontheMarsD．theMarssupportinglife解析：选A主旨大意题。由第一段可以看出，人们计划将火星变为一个小地球。后文就这一计划是否应该实施进行了探讨。故文章是围绕将火星变为小地球这一话题展开的。6．WhyisDr.LisaPrattagainsttheplan?A．WaterhasbeenfoundontheMars.B．Itwillcosttoomuchmoneyandwork.C．ThenativelifeformsontheMarswouldbedestroyed.D．Theearthisbeingdestroyedatanunbelievablespeed.解析：选C细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“...thesemicrobeswillbeputindangerbythelittleearthproject.”可知，莉萨博士反对该计划的原因是担心火星上的微生物会受到破坏。7．WhatcouldprovetheexistenceofmicrobeslivingintheMars'soil?A．LiquidwaterontheMars.B．SomecreaturesontheMars.C．AlotofgoodsoilontheMars.D．SignsofmethaneintheMars'atmosphere.解析：选D推理判断题。由倒数第四段可以看出，科学家在火星上发现了甲烷，而甲烷是生物排放出的一种气体。由此科学家认为火星上有生物存在。CMyfriendTimwasoneoffivechildren.Hisfatherwasanalcoholicanddiedveryyoung,andhismotherwasunabletosupportthefamily.Unfortunately,thechildrenwereseparatedandplacedinfosterhomes(收养家庭)．Timdroppedoutofschoolanddidnothingtofurtherhimself.Heeventuallywentthroughadivorce.Tim'sbrother,althoughexperiencingthesamechildhood,educatedhimselfandgotagoodjob.Hehasahappyfamilyandawonderfulhome.Bothbrothersgaveasimilaranswerwhenaskedwhytheirlivesturnedoutthewaytheydid.Theysaid,“You'dturnoutthiswaytooifyouhadachildhoodlikemine.”Neitherofthebrotherscouldchangehispast,butoneofthemadjusted(调整)hissail.Itdoesn'ttakemuchtofindanexcusewhetherthatisourfamilybackground,ourlackofeducation,orthatweliveinthewrongcity,ordonotknowtherightpeople.Eachoneoftheseexcuseshasasolution.However,ifyoubelievethatthereisnothingyoucandototurnyourlifearound,thenyouwon'tbeabletochangeyourlifeforthebetter.Ifyoureallydesiretoturnyourlifetoanewcourse,tosetyoursailtoadifferentport,itisamatterofchoice.Ifyouchoosetomoveforward,theeasiestwayistofindasolutiontoyourtoday'ssituation.Solutionsarethereifyouwanttogoafterthem.Sure,itmaytakesomehardwork,orthewillingnesstotakearisk.Butifyoudonot,thenyouwillneverhaveadifferentorhappylife.Donotlimityourselfbyfindinganexcuse;onlylimityourselfbyrefusingtohaveanexcuse.语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。我们的过往是什么样子并不是很重要，因为未来掌握在我们自己手里。8．WhydoesTim'sbrotherhaveahappylife?A．Hehadahappychildhood.B．Hetriedhardtochangehislife.C．Hehadawonderfulfosterhome.D．Hewasthesmartestofhisfamily.解析：选B推理判断题。由第二段“Tim'sbrother,althoughexperiencingthesamechildhood,educatedhimselfandgotagoodjob.”可知，Tim的哥哥努力改变自己的命运。9．WhatdidTimth