专题06.必修第1册　Unit 5　Languages Around the World（教师版）-2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）

Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld目标导航目标导航重点词汇阅读单词——我会认1．bonen．骨头；骨(质)2．shelln．壳；壳状物3．symboln．符号；象征4．carvevt.&vi.雕刻5．dynastyn．王朝；朝代6．dialectn．地方话；方言7．specificadj.特定的；明确的；具体的8．tonguen．舌头；语言9．semestern．学期10．pantsn．[pl.](BrE)内裤；短裤；(especiallyNAmE)裤子重点单词——我会写1．billionn．十亿2．nativeadj.本地的n．本地人3．attituden．态度；看法4．systemn．体系；制度；系统5．despiteprep.即使；尽管6．factorn．因素；要素7．meansn．方式；方法；途径8．classicadj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的n．经典作品；名著9．regardn．尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待10．charactern．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点11．calligraphyn．书法；书法艺术12．affairn．公共事务；事件；关系13．strugglen．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗14．gasn．汽油；气体；燃气15．petroln．(NAmEgas)汽油16．subwayn．(BrEunderground)地铁17．apartmentn．(especiallyNAmE)公寓套房18．gapn．间隔；开口；差距19．vocabularyn．词汇词汇拓展1．referencen．指称关系；参考→refervi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于2．basedadj.以(某事)为基础的→basevt.以……为基础n．底部；根据→basisn．基础→basicadj.基础的3．varietyn．异体；多样化→varyv．变化；不同→variousadj.各种各样的4．majoradj.主要的n．主修课程；主修学生vi.主修→majorityn．大多数5．globaladj.全球的；全世界的→globen．地球；地球仪6．appreciatevt.欣赏；感激；领会→appreciationn．感激；欣赏→appreciativeadj.感激的7．begvt.恳求；祈求→beggarn．乞丐8．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equallyadv.平等地→equalityn．平等9．demandn．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要→demandingadj.要求高的10．descriptionn．描写(文字)；形容→describevt.描述11．relatevt.联系；讲述→relatedadj.相关的→relationn．关系→relationshipn．关系重点词组1．referto指的是；描述；提到；查阅2．upsanddowns浮沉；兴衰；荣辱3．dateback(to...)追溯到4．nomatterwhere，who，what，etc.不论……；不管……5．pointofview观点；看法6．relateto与……相关；涉及；谈到重点句型1．Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible，butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。2．Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically，leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。3．Eventoday，nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。4．IusedtogethighmarksinEnglish，butnowI’mhavingalotoftroublewithmylistening.过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。5．IalsorepeatwhatIheartohelpmyselftoexperiencethefeelingofthelanguage.为了帮助自己体会语言的情感，我也重复自己听到的内容。知识精讲知识精讲知识点01refervi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于•referto指的是；描述；提到；查阅refer...to...把……提交给……；让(人)参考……referto...as...把……称作……•referencen．提及，涉及；参考；参考书目in/withreferencetosb./sth.关于referencebooks/material参考书/参考资料①...whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture...……通常被称为诺贝尔建筑奖……②Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomewords,youcanrefertothedictionary.如果你不懂一些单词，你可以查阅字典。③ShealwaysreferredtoBenas“thatniceman”．她总是称本为“那个大好人”。④Keepthelistofnumbersnearthephoneforeasyreference.把电话号码表放在电话旁边，方便查阅。(1)单句语法填空①Inhisspeech,hereferred________arecenttriptoCanada.②Thereareseveral________(refer)bookswhichhavebeencompiledtohelpyoumakeyourchoice.【答案】①to②reference(2)单句写作①Thisparagraph________________(指的是)theeventsoflastyear.②我们分组讨论了有关阅读的以下问题。Wediscussedthefollowingquestionsinsmallgroupswith________________thereading.【答案】①refersto②referencetoThereisnoeggineggplantnorhaminhamburger;neitherapplenorpineinpineapple.茄子里没有鸡蛋，汉堡包里也没有火腿；菠萝里既没有苹果也没有松树。本句中neither.nor.意为“既不……，也不……”，连接两个并列名词apple和pine。(l)“neither..nor..”可连接词性相同的词、词组或结构，表示完全否定。如果连接两个归纳名词或代词作主语，则谓语动词的数和nor后的词保持一致（即遵循就近一致原则）。(2)如果neither..nor.连接两个句子且放在句首，则两个句子都必须部分倒装。①Theirhouseisneitherbignorsmall.他们的房子不大也不小。②NeitheryounorIamgoingtodoit.你和我都不打算做这件事。③NeitherdidIgotowatchthefootballmatchnordidIcareitsresult.我既没有去看那场足球赛，也不关心它的结果。名师点津连接并列的名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的数要遵循就近一致原则的词/词组还有：either...or...要么……要么……；notonly...but(also)...不仅……而且……；not...but...不是……而是……等。(1)单句语法填空Neitherhisparentsnorhe________(know)anythingaboutit.【答案】knows(2)句型转换Henrydoesn'tlikewatchingmovies.HisgirlfriendHelendoesn't,either.→________Henry________hisgirlfriendHelen________watchingmovies.【答案】Neither;nor;likes知识点21basevt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据(教材P62)归纳拓展(1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上bebasedon/upon以……为基础；依据……(2)－based(构成复合词)以……为重要部分(或特征)；以……为主(3)basisn.基础；基本原则(4)basicadj.基本的；基础的①You'refoolishenoughtobase_your_hopes_uponhispromise.你把希望建立在他的承诺上真是太愚蠢了。②Thetheoryheputupwas_based_onhismanyyears'research,soitwaspractical.他提出的理论是以他多年的科学研究为依据的，因此是切实可行的。③Thegovernmentprovidesthemwithnotonlyfoodandshelter,butalsothebasicskillsfortheirliving.政府不仅为他们提供食物和住处，还为他们提供基本的谋生技能。④Thistrendischallengingfamily－basedtraditions.这个趋势正在挑战以家庭为基础的传统。(1)单句语法填空①Thereportis________(base)onfacts.②Theyhavetohavea________(base)understandingofcomputersinordertousetheadvancedtechnology.③AsfarasI'mconcerned,commonhobbiesarethe________(base)ofmakingfriends.【答案】①based②basic③basis(2)单句写作我们昨天看的这部电影受到了高度评价，它是以一个真实的爱情故事为依据的。____________atruelovestory,thefilmwewatchedyesterdayishighlythoughtof.【答案】Basedon知识点32varietyn.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化(教材P62)归纳拓展(1)avarietyof＝varietiesof＝allkindsof种类繁多的；各种各样的(2)variousadj.不同的；各种各样的forvariousreasons由于种种原因(3)varyvt.&vi.改变；变化varyfrom...to...从……到……变化不等；在……到……之间变动①Applescomeinagreatmanyvarieties.苹果的品种繁多。②Oneoftheadvantagesisthatwecanfinda_variety_oftopicssuchasscience,cultureandhistory.优势之一是我们能够找到各种话题，如：科学、文化、历史。③Therearevariousactivitiesthatsuitthetastesofdifferentpeople.有适合不同人爱好的各种各样的活动。④TheimportanceofbeinganOlympianwillvary_from_athlete_to_athlete.成为奥运选手对每个运动员而言意义不同。单句语法填空①Theresearchteamismadeupofthepupils,whoseages________(various)from10to15.②Thereare________(variety)reasonswhycancersappeartobeontheincrease.③Thistoolcanbeusedinavariety________ways.【答案】①vary②various③of知识点43majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究(教材P62)归纳拓展(1)majorin主修(2)inthe/amajority占大多数a/themajorityof大多数……①SichuanisoneofthemajorindustrialbasesofChina.四川是中国重要的工业基地之一。②Andifyou'reaccepted,youcanmajor_inanythingyouwant.只要你被录取了，你就可以主修任何你想学的东西。③The_majority_ofmypatientscometomefromoutoftown.大多数来找我看病的患者都是外地人。(1)单句语法填空①Thestudent,________(major)ineconomicsatcollege,madeacommentonthematter.②Generallyspeaking,ifyoulookattheaudienceataclassicalconcert,the________(major)ofthemareovertheageoffifty.【答案】①majoring②majority(2)单句写作①________________(主要问题)atpresentishowtoovercomeallthedifficulties.②AlthoughIdidn't__________(主修)computer,Ihavealotofinterestinit.【答案】①Themajorproblem②majorin知识点54Eventoday,no_matterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么样的方言，大家都可以用文字沟通交流。(教材P62)剖析本句为复合句，前句是“nomatter＋特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句。归纳拓展(1)nomatter和特殊疑问词(what/who/which/when/whose/where/how等)一起引导让步状语从句。其中nomatterhow引导让步状语从句时后面紧跟形容词或副词，然后再接从句中的其他成分，句子的语序为：nomatterhow＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语部分。(2)nomatterhow/who/where/when/what/which...引导让步状语从句时，可换成however/whoever/wherever/whenever/whatever/whichever(无论多么/无论谁/无论哪里/无论何时/无论什么/无论哪个)等。①No_matter_whoyouare,youmustobeythelaw.不管你是谁，你必须遵守法律。②We'llhavetofinishthejob,no_matter_how_longittakes.无论花多长时间，我们都得完成这项工作。③No_matter_how_latehecomesback,hismotherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.无论他回来得多晚，他妈妈都会等他一起吃晚饭。④无论你说什么都是对的。No_matter_whatyousay(＝Whateveryousay),youareright.(Nomatterwhat在此引导让步状语从句，可以换成Whatever)⑤No_matter_how(＝However)hardItried,Ifailedtoworkoutthemathproblem.无论怎么努力，我都解不出这道数学题。⑥No_matter_when(＝Whenever)youdecidetogo,Iwouldkeepyoucompany.无论你决定何时去，我都会陪着你。(1)单句语法填空①Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings,nomatter________fullone'sscheduleis.②Iamfirmlyconvinced(深信)thatnomatter________chancesarrive,weareabletoseizethemaslongaswearewellprepared.③Nomatter________youloseinlife,don'tlosefaithandhope.【答案】①how②when③what(2)单句写作①无论谁违反法律，他都将受到惩罚。________________________，hewillbepunished.②无论我发生什么事情，我都会让你知道。________________________，Iwillletyouknow.【答案】①Whoever/Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw②Whatever/Nomatterwhathappenstome知识点65meansn.方式；方法；途径(教材P62)归纳拓展(1)bythismeans通过这种方法bymeansof用……办法；借助……byallmeans一定，务必；好的，当然可以bynomeans决不，一点也不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)(2)ameansofcommunication一种通讯/交流方式①Thisistheironlymeansofcommunication.这是他们唯一的交流方式。②Studentssometimessupportthemselvesby_means_ofdoingpart－timejobs.学生有时借助兼职工作养活自己。③—CanIcomeandhavealookatyourhouse?—Yes,by_all_means.——我可以过来看看你的房子吗？——当然可以。④Sheisby_no_meansaninexperiencedteacher.她绝不是个毫无经验的教师。eq\x(名师点津means作“方式；方法”讲时单复数同形。)(1)单句语法填空Someresearcherspointoutthatdaydreamingis________meansofrelaxation.【答案】a(2)同义句转换Everypossiblemeans________(try),butnonehasworked.→Allpossiblemeans________(try),butnonehasworked.【答案】hasbeentried;havebeentried(3)一句多译惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(means)①Punishment________________awisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.②____________________awisechoicetohelpthemgrowupmentallyandphysically.(倒装)【答案】①isbynomeans②Bynomeansispunishment知识点76regardn.尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待(教材P62)归纳拓展(1)asregardssth.关于；至于某事with/inregardto关于；对于inthis/thatregard在这方面；在这一点上(2)regard...as...把……当作……(3)regardingprep.关于①As_regardsthewar,Haigbelievedinvictoryatanyprice.至于这场战争，黑格认为要不惜任何代价取得胜利。②We'vemadeextraordinaryprogressasasocietyin_that_regard.在那个方面，我们的社会已经取得了巨大的进步。③Itreasurethefriendshipverymuch,andIregard_the_friendship_asonepartofmylife.我非常珍惜友谊，并且我认为友谊是我生活的一部分。(1)单句语法填空①CanIregardwhatyouhavejusttoldme________fact?②Iwrotealetter________(regard)mydaughter'sschoolexaminations.【答案】①as②regarding(2)单句写作①至于薪金，请在考验本人的能力之后再作决定。________________salary,Ileaveittoyoutodecideafterexperienceofmycapacity.②对于幸福我们通常有什么误解吗？Whatarethemisunderstandingsthatweusuallyhave______________happiness?【答案】①Asregards②with/inregardto知识点87charactern.文字；符号；角色；品质；性格(教材P62)归纳拓展(1)aleadingcharacter主角incharacter符合某人的性格outofcharacter不符合某人的性格(2)characteristicadj.表现特点的n.特征，特性becharacteristicofsb.是某人的特点①Herbehaviourlastnightwascompletelyout_of_character.她昨晚的举止与她的性格截然不符。②Onemayonlyhaveacharacter,_butmayhavemanycharacteristics,_allofwhichbuildone'scharacter.个人可能只有一种性格，但可能有多种特征或特点，所有这些特征或特点便构成了一个人的品质。(1)单句语法填空①Itwasentirely________characterforRacheltoputherbabyfirst.②Theneedtocommunicateisakey________(character)ofhumansociety.【答案】①in②characteristic(2)写出句中character的含义①HeisthemaincharacterinthefilmWonderingEarth.________②Herhusbandwasamanofgoodcharacter,well－likedandrespectedbyhiscolleagues.________③Therearemorethan80,000Chinesecharacters,mostofwhichareseldomusedtoday.________【答案】①角色②品质③汉字知识点98AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,an_increasing_number_ofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina'scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。(教材P62)剖析anumberof意为“很多；好些”，increasing在句中修饰number，表示“不断增加；持续增多”。归纳拓展(1)number前可用good,large,small,great,growing,increasing等形容词修饰。(2)anumberof用于修饰可数名词复数。当“anumberof＋可数名词复数”作主语时，中心词是可数名词复数，所以谓语动词用复数形式。①A_good_number_ofmyclassmatesagreewithme.我班上的不少同学都赞同我(的意见)。②Thoughsheisquiteapopularwriter,onlya_small_number_ofherworkscanbefoundinpubliclibraries.尽管她是一位十分知名的作家，但公共图书馆中能够找到的她的作品却不多。③A_number_of_my_friends_thinkIshouldtakeaholiday.我的很多朋友认为我应该休假。[易混辨析：anumberof/thenumberof]单句语法填空①Thenumberoftheteacherswhoowncars________(be)increasing.②Agreatmanycollegestudents________(be)senttothepoorareatohelpthechildrentherelastmonth.③Largequantitiesofoil________(be)importedfromabroadeveryyear.④Thenumberofjournalistsinvitedtothepartyyesterday________100,butalargenumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.(be)【答案】①is②were③are④was;were知识点109appreciatevt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值(教材P62)归纳拓展(1)appreciatesth.欣赏某物；感谢某事appreciate(sb./sb.'s)doingsth.感谢(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我将不胜感激(2)appreciationn.欣赏；感激①Butthereissomethingunclearforme,soI_would_appreciate_it_ifyoucouldgivememoreinformation.但是我有一些不清楚的事情，所以如果你能给我更多的信息，我会很感激的。②I'dappreciate_your_writingmebackassoonaspossible.你尽早回信我将感激不尽。③Showsomeappreciationformypersonalgrowth.对我个人的成长表示感谢。名师点津当appreciate,hate,dislike,love,like,depend/relyon等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。(1)单句语法填空①OnthenightoftheMid－autumnDay,peoplegathertogethereatingmooncakesand________(appreciate)thefullmoon.②Iappreciate________(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.③HereIsincerelyexpressmy________(appreciate)ifyoucouldhelpfindthelostsuitcase.【答案】①appreciating②beinggiven③appreciation(2)单句写作如果您能就如何解决这些问题给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。__________________youcangivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheseproblems.【答案】I'dappreciateitif知识点111strugglen．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗(教材P64)归纳拓展(1)struggletodosth.艰难地做某事；挣扎着做某事strugglefor为……而斗争strugglewith/against同……搏斗/作斗争(2)struggletoone'sfeet挣扎着站起来①Thecompanyisstruggling_to_findbuyersforitsnewproduct.该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。②Hestruggled_againstcancerfortwoyears.他同癌症抗争了两年。③Youhavetoletusstruggle_forourselves,evenifwemustdieintheprocess.你得让我们为自己拼搏，哪怕我们会在这个过程中死去。(1)单句语法填空①Thesoldierwasbadlywoundedbuthestruggled________hisfeetatlast.②Togetaneducation,hewasstruggling________manydifficulties.③ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________(hear)．【答案】①to②against/with③tobeheard(2)单句写作我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。Wehaveto________________allkindsofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad.【答案】struggleagainst/with知识点122The_moreIlearntofalanguage,the_moremybrainwouldgrow.我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就越发达。(教材P64)剖析“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”是固定句型，意为“越……，越……”。归纳拓展(1)第一个“the＋比较级...”相当于条件状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级...”相当于主句。(2)如果第二个“the＋比较级...”用一般将来时，则第一个“the＋比较级...”通常用一般现在时表将来。(3)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从句表示的程度而变化。当句意明确时，此句型结构常以省略形式出现。①Iwasgettingmoreandmoreannoyedandofcourse,the_moreupsetIgot,the_lessIwasabletoconcentrate.我变得越来越心烦，当然，我越是感到心烦我就越难集中精力。②The_longershewaited,the_more_impatientshebecame.她等的时间越长，变得越不耐烦。③The_moreyoupractice,the_betteryourEnglishis.你练习得越多，你的英语就越好。④The_busierheis,the_happierhefeels.他越忙越高兴。⑤The_sooner,_the_better.越早越好。单句写作①轮胎里空气越多，里面的压力就越大。______________thereisinsidethetyre,thegreaterthepressurethereisinit.②战争持续越久，那里的人们受难就越多。Thelongerthewarlasts,____________thepeopletherewillsuffer.③你越用功，进步就越大。Theharderyouwork,________________youwillmake.【答案】①Themoreair②themore③thegreaterprogress知识点131equaln.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的(教材P66)归纳拓展(1)beequalto(doing)sth.能胜任(做)某事withoutequal无与伦比；无敌(2)AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌(3)equalityn.平等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地①Shewasdeterminedthatshewouldbe_equal_toanytestthecompanyputtoher.她下定决心要成功应对公司对她的任何考验。②Notallmenareequal_inability.人的能力并不都是一样的。③Heisaplayerwithout_equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。④Menandwomenmustbetreatedequallyineducationandemployment.在教育和就业方面男女应该得到平等的对待。(1)单句语法填空①Idon'tthinkheisequalto________(do)thiskindofwork.soIcan'thirehim.②Learningtodealwiththesocialworldis________(equal)important.【答案】①doing②equally(2)一句多译尽管他年轻，但是约翰却能胜任这项重要的工作。①Youngashewas,John____________theimportanttask.(equal)②Althoughhewasyoung,John____________theimportanttask.(fit)③Youngashewas,John________________theimportanttask.(qualified)【答案】①wasequalto②wasfitfor③wasqualifiedfor知识点142demandn.要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问(教材P66)归纳拓展(1)bein(great)demand(迫切)需求meet/satisfyone'sdemands满足某人的需求(2)demandtodosth.要求做某事demandthat...(should)dosth.要求……做某事(3)sth.demand(s)tobedone＝sth.demand(s)doing某事需要被做①First，sciencegraduatesare_in_greater_demandthanartsonesinChina.首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。②Shedemanded_to_seetheheadmaster.她要求见校长。③Thepolicemandemanded_thatthegate(should)beshut.警察要求把大门关上。(1)单句语法填空①TheythinklearningEnglishwellisoneofthe________(demand)ofmodernsocietyandwilldogoodtoourfuturecareer.②Mydemandisthattheinformationreferredtoinmyreport________(e­mail)toMrBrownwithoutdelay.③Mycardemands/needs/requires________(repair),soIhavetogotoworkbybus.【答案】①demands②(should)bee­mailed③repairing(2)单句写作这个季节，软饮料需求量很大。Softdrinksare__________________inthisseason.【答案】ingreatdemand知识点153relatevt.联系；讲述(教材P67)归纳拓展(1)relateto与……相关；涉及；谈到relate...to把……和……联系在一起relatesth.tosb.向某人叙述/讲述某事(2)relatedadj.相关的；有(亲属)关系的berelatedto和……有关的；和……有联系的(3)relationn.关系havenorelationtosth.同某事无关in/withrelationto关于；与……相比①Ihadpapersrelating_tothechildrenwhichmywifeandIhadtosign.我有一些关于孩子的文件需要我和妻子签字。②Herelated_the_facts_of_the_case_tojournalists.他给记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。③Muchofthecrimeinthisareais_related_todrugabuse.这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。④Ihavesomecommentstomakein_relation_to(＝concerning)thismatter.关于这件事我有几点看法。(1)单句语法填空①Therewereofficials________whomhecouldrelatethewholestory.②Weseektoimprove________(relate)betweenourtwocountries.③Ithinkthat'swhysomanypeoplerelate________her.【答案】①to②relations③to(2)单句写作①你的作品一定要与我们的学校生活有关。Yourworksmust________________ourschoollife.②你能将童年的经历与现在的心境联系起来吗？Canyou________whathappenedinyourchildhood________yourpresentstateofmind?【答案】①berelatedto②relate;to语法语法精讲Grammar定语从句(Ⅱ)单句语法填空1．Therewasatime________Annewassocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.【答案】when2．Isawahouse,thewindowsof________werebroken.【答案】which3．Self－drivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.【答案】where4．Isthisthevillage________mymotherwasborn?【答案】where/inwhich5．Thereason________shechangedhermindisquiteclear.【答案】why/forwhich6．Thedays________theytravelledtogethermeantalottohim.【答案】when/duringwhich当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when,where,why或“介词＋which”。eq\a\vs4\al(一、关系副词的作用)1．指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。2．在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用。3．起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。eq\a\vs4\al(二、关系副词引导的定语从句)1．when引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time,day,year,month,week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。(2)when可以换成“介词＋which”。Istillrememberthetimewhen_(＝in_which)Iwasincollege.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。Ihaveforgottentheexactdatewhen_(＝on_which)thiscountrybecameindependent.我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。2．where引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place,room,mountain,airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case,state,condition,point,situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。(2)where可以换成“介词＋which”。Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们已经到了需要作出改变的地步。Hegetsintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightorwrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。Thisisthehotelwhere_(＝in_which)theystayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。3．why引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。(2)why可以用forwhich来代替。Thisisthereasonwhy_(＝for_which)heleftinahurry.这是他匆匆离去的原因。eq\a\vs4\al(三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)1．关系代词的选择“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。Thisisthestudentfor_whomIboughtabook.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。Thisistheshipby_whichIwenttoShanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。Theyliveinahouse,of_whichthewindowsaremadeofglass.他们住在一所窗户是玻璃做的房子里。2．介词的选择(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。Isthisthecarfor_whichyoupaidahighprice?这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay...forsth.)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonto_whomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turntosb.forhelp)(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。Hebroughttheresultwith_whichthebosswassatisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(besatisfiedwith)(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。Doyoustillrememberthedayon_whichwemetforthefirsttime?你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？(ontheday)Ican'tremembertheageat_whichhewontheprize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(attheage)(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。Thisisthepilotwith_whommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。Thisisthepilotby_whommysonwassaved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。eq\a\vs4\al(四、关系代词与关系副词的选择)定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：用法依据根据从句的谓语动词是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词根据先行词在从句中所作的成分把先行词代入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词Thisisthefactorywhereheusedtowork.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)Thisisthefactory(that/which)Ivisitedlastyear.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)Isthisthemuseum(that/which)youvisitedafewdaysago?这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少宾语)Isthisthemuseumwheretheexhibitionwasheld?这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少地点状语)(1)单句语法填空①Iwillneverforgetthedays________westayedtogetherinthecountryside.②Andrewlivesaloneandenjoysthecompanyofapetcat________whichhe'sgrownsofond.③Thereason________hewaslatewasthatsomethingwaswrongwithhisbikeontheway.④Thehouse________whichhepaid200,000yuanisnowworth350,000yuan.⑤—Areyougettingonwellwithyourpartner?—Notatall.We'vealmostcometothepoint________wehavetoseparate.【答案】①when②of③why④for⑤where用关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”将下列每对句子合并成一个句子①Yourmotheristalkingtotheboy.Doyouknowhim.__________________________________________________________________②Thefactoryisfarawayfrommyhometown.Hisfatherworksthere.__________________________________________________________________③Ididn'tcomethismorning.Thereasonwasthatitrainedheavily.__________________________________________________________________④YesterdayMaryboughtafewclothes.Allofthemwerebeautiful.__________________________________________________________________⑤Yousolvetheprobleminthisway.Idon'tlikeit.__________________________________________________________________【答案】①Doyouknowtheboytowhomyourmotheristalking？②Thefactorywhere/inwhichhisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.③Thereasonwhy/forwhichIdidn'tcomethismorningwasthatitrainedheavily.④YesterdayMaryboughtafewclothes,allofwhichwerebeautiful.⑤Idon'tlikethewayinwhichyousolvetheproblem.写作园地写作园地应用文写作——关于英语学习的博客本单元的写作任务是应用文中的“博客”。英文名为Blog，为Web和Log的合成词。博客主要是使用特定的软件，在网络上出版、发表和张贴个人文章。博客的内容可以是个人纯粹的想法和心得，包括你对时事新闻、国家大事的个人看法等，也可以是在基于某一主题或在某一领域由一群人集体创作的内容。一、基本结构分享英语学习建议的博客一般包括以下几部分内容：1．第一部分——陈述此篇博客的主题。2．第二部分——具体的英语学习建议。3．第三部分——对整篇博客内容的总结或表达相关祝愿。二、注意事项1．写作文体：博客属于应用文。2．主体时态：文章通常以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，也可以根据需要适当使用其他时态。3．主体人称：人称主要为第一人称和第二人称。一、开头常用语1．Learningalanguageisagradualprocess—itdoesnothappenovernight.学习一门语言是一个循序渐进的过程——一夜之间学不好语言。2．Englishisthemostimportantlanguageintheworldsoweshouldlearnitwell.英语是世界上最重要的语言之一，因此我们应该学好它。二、正文常用语1．Findfriendstostudyandspeakwith.LearningEnglishtogethercanbeveryencouraging.和朋友一起学习，一起对话。一起学英语会使你备受鼓舞。2．Chooselearningmaterialsthatrelatetowhatyouareinterestedin.Beinginterestedinthesubjectwillmakelearningmoreenjoyable—thusmoreeffective.选择你感兴趣的学习材料。有意思的主题可以让你学得更愉悦——效率随之更高。3．TheInternetisthemostexciting,unlimitedEnglishresourcethatanyonecouldimagineanditisrightatyourfingertips.网络是最令人兴奋且不受限制的英语学习资源，一切都触手可及。三、结尾常用语1．Bepatientwithyourself.Rememberlearningisaprocess—speakingalanguagewelltakestime.Itisnotacomputerthatiseitheronoroff!对自己有耐心一点。记住，学习是一个过程——说好一门语言是需要时间的，它可不像一台说开就开，说关就关的电脑！2．Romewasnotbuiltinaday.ThesamegoesforEnglishstudy,whichisalonganddifficultjourneyforallthelearners.罗马非一日建成，英语学习也是如此，对于学习者来说是一个漫长和艰难的旅程。3．Bepatientandpersistent,especiallyintheinitialperiodofstudywhenalloftheeffortseemstobewithnoresult,dobelieveinthatwewillseethefruitofourhardworkafterthesuffering.耐心和坚持，特别是在学习的初期阶段，当所有的努力似乎都没有回报的时候。我们要相信，苦难过后，我们会看到努力学习的成果。4．Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。假定你是李华，你班里有些同学在英语学习上有些困难。写一篇博客，提出一些英语学习建议，内容要点如下：1．收听英语节目；2．看英语电视节目和电影；3．多读，多讲，多练。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】IknowsomeclassmateshavetroubleinlearningEnglish.Don'tworry,herearesomeadviceforyourreference.First,ifyouwanttoimproveyourlisteningability,youmaylistentosometapesandradioprogramsinEnglish.YoucanalsowatchEnglishTVprogramsorfilms,whichisveryhelpful.Lastbutnotleast,trytoreadaloudandpracticespeakingEnglish.I'msurethemoreyoupractice,thebetteryou'llspeak.Ibelieveyou'llmakegreatprogressfollowingtheaboveadvice.总评本文结构清晰，条理清楚，内容涵盖了题目中要求表达的所有信息，同时在遣词造句方面，使用了多样且准确的表达，体现了作者的语言运用能力。[亮点呈现](1)句型多样，非限制性定语从句whichisveryhelpful和比较级句型themore...thebetter...的运用，使文章句式结构复杂多变。(2)大量短语、非谓语动词的灵活使用，如havetroublein,forsb.'sreference,makegreatprogress,followingtheaboveadvice等，这使得句子表达多样化。(3)连接词的恰当使用使文章条理清楚，first,also,lastbutnotleast。分层提分分层提分题组A基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)1．Overthenext40years，theworldwillbeaddingsome3peopleiftherearenoextremedisasters.2．Asforstudentslikeus，weshouldhaveagoodtowardslifeevenifthecruelrealityruinsourdream.3．Theyhavesomesupporting(系统)oftheseallaroundtheworldfromonebasetoanother.4．Acodeuses(符号)toreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.5．WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandhadtwo(经典的)booksonpaintingdeliveredtohim.6．Ihopeallofuscantogetherandsurviveallthesufferings.7．warminghasbecomeoneofthemostshockingproblemsintoday’ssociety.8．WhenIlistento(本国的)Englishspeakerstalkinginavideo，Icancatchonlyafewwords.【答案】1.billion2.attitude3.systems4.symbols5.classic6.struggle7.Global8.nativeⅡ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)9．The(major)ofthestudentsareinterestedinherclass，whichmakesherhappy.10．Iwouldliketoexpressmy(appreciate)tothosewhoalwaysgivemetimelyhelpandencouragementwhenI’mtrappedbytheflood.11．Allmenareborn，soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityistheessentialdemand.(equal)12．Itwasachallengingand(demand)job，butanyhowwemanagedtohandleitwithjointefforts.13．Wouldyouliketogiveadetailed(describe)oftherescueinwhichyousaved4dogs?14．IwaswanderinginasubwaystationwhenIsawaforfood.(beg)15．Weourtheoryontheofpractice，consideringsomefactors.(base)【答案】9.majority10.appreciation11.equal，