南开728基础英语2011年入学考试试题

大学728基础英语2011年入学考试试PartoneVocabulary(20分Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformifnecessary.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.eelThenew ernmentpledgedtomakeeveryefforttostabilizeitsailingeconomyby nationaldebtsSheproposedthat shouldberecognizedasoneofthemajordisciplinesinherschool.Thepiratesmade alongtheOneofthemputforwarda(n) proposalforputtingupthewhiteFactsarerecordedintheannalswiththecoloringofprejudice TheAmericannationalcharacter sharpduringthewestwardThescientistscarriedoutanaudio- ofthebeginningoftheThemanagementofferedus 3%salaryHenry betweenacceptingandThisbattle-fieldis tothememoryofthesoldierswhodiedThepianistwasapudedforhis by20%lastTheChurchhas powerinthemodernHecouldneverbeafilmstar;he’sgot Noonewouldclaimthatthefilmis Heinsistedonhisownwayand alladviceandAssoonasthedrugtookeffect,she Somekidthrew inthemiddleoftheFashionsarebynaturefickle Thehurricanecaused ParttwoCloze(10分Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyonthe1productionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthen2themintoMarketing3,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstysingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoods4willsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthat5tryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgiven6overprofitina businesstransactionthefirmandcustomerandeachmustbesatisfied7tradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingand8customers.Inmid-1985,CocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Asignificantportionofthepublicdidnotacceptthenewflavor,bringabouta9restorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketed_10_thenew,KingCustomersruled.AproductiveBefficientCaffluentDAconvertBtransformCswitchDAonthecontraryBinthe ChoweverDontheotherAwhatBthenCthatDAaheadofBwhileCpriortoDinsteadAsuperiorityBprivilegeCprejudiceDAbeforeBafterCwhileDAlookinguptoBadjustingtoCcateringtoDadaptingAproperBpromptCprominentDAbyBwithCalongsideDPartthreeReadingComprehension50分Question1-5arebasedonthefollowingHistorically,theprimaryresponsibilityfortherearingofyoungchildrenbelongedalmostexclusivelytotheparents,especiallythefather.ItwasnotuntilthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturythattheStatewaswillingtoremoveayoungchildfromdirectsupervisionofnegligentorabusiveparents.Evenso,inordertoreducewelfarecoststotherestofthecommunity,adestitutefamilyinearlyAmerica,incapableofsupportingitsownmembers,wassometimesbrokenupandthechildrencedinotherhouseholds.Duringtheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturythemother’sroleintheupbringingandasmen’schurchmembershipdeclined,womenalsobecameresponsibleforthecatechizingandeducationofyoungchildren,eventhoughtheyoftenwerelessli thanmen.Whilechildrearingmanualstoacknowledgetheimportanceofthefather,theyalsorecognizedthatthemotherhad ethemajorfigureinthecareoftheyoung.ThroughoutmuchofWesternhistory,aslongaschildrenremainedinthehome,marriagesandinfluencingtheircareerchoices.Childrenwereexpectedtobeobedientandtocontributetothewell-beingofthefamily.And,perhapsmoreinWesternEuropethaninAmerica,childrenwereoftenexpectedtoturnoveralmostalloftheirearningdirectlytotheparentssometimesevenaftertheyhadlefthome.Bythelateeighteenthorearlynineteenthcenturysomeofthiscontrolhadbeeneroded,andtherightsofchildrenasindividualswereincreasinglyrecognizedandacknowledged.Interestingly,thedevelopmentofchildren’srightshasproceededsorapidlyandsofarthatwemaynowbeinthemidstofabacklash,aseffortsarebeingmadetore-establishparentalresponsibilityinareassuchasthereproductivebehaviourofminorchildren.Clearlytherehavebeenmajorchangesinthewayoursocietytreatschildren;butitwouldbeverydifficultformanyofustoagreeonthecostsandbenefitsofthesetrendswhetherfromtheviewpointofthechild,theparents,orsociety.Whymanyapudtheincreasingindividualismanddomofchildrenwithinthefamily,otherlamentthelossoffamilyresponsibilityanddiscipline.Ahistoricalysisofparentsandchildrencannotsettlesuchdisputes,butitcanprovideiswithabetterappreciationoftheflexibilityandresilienceofthefamilyasaninstitutionforraisingtheyoung.BeforethelatenineteenthcenturyinAmerica,therearingofchildrenwastheresponsibilityAsolelyonthepartofthehouseholdBmainlyonthepartoftheCsolelyonthepartoftheDsolelyonthepartoftheTheword“destitute”canbestbereced ABCDItcanbelearnedfromthesecondparagraphthatduringthe18thand19th AwomenenjoyedequaleducationwithBwomen’ssocialstatuswasgreatlyCmenmaintainedtheirkeyroleinchildDwomen’seducationwasstilllessthanAsmentionedbytheauthor,effortstore-establishparentalresponsibility AtosharecommunitywelfareBinconcernofminorchildren’screativeCinconcernofteenageDtobettercontrolminorchildren’sRegardingthewayAmericanchildrenaretreated,theauthoris AinfavorofBworriedaboutCupsetaboutDagainstQuestion6-10arebasedonthefollowingRichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedical,hasbeenadrivinginbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.“Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisageatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinsurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisyingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldsurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredeveloae-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeonon,textures,andsound.Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimages.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpaththetumor.Zamoramoisalsousingtechnologythatattacksaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.Duringtheseprocedures—operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremanoeuvresurgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuraythanhumansurgeonscan.Satavasays,“WeareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofAccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealityto AwillenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneveryBcanraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedontheCwillgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsontheDcanshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield7RichardSatavahasvisionof Ausingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingBwoundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsontheCwoundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedDsettingupsurgicalunitsoverseas8HowisvirtualrealitysurgeryAItisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisionBSurgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyaCSurgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtoDA3-DimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheDuringthevirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause AheislookingatthecutsonacomputerBthecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentCthecutshavebeenhighlyDheiswearing3-DVirtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthat AcauselesspaintotheBaredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterCwillmakehumansurgeons’worklessDallowthepatienttorecovermoreQuestion11-15arebasedonthefollowingWhenstudentcompleteafirstdraft,theyconsiderthejobofwritingdone—andtheirteacherstoooftenagree.Whenprofessionalwriterscompleteafirstdraft,theyusuallyfeelthattheyareatthestartofthewritingprocess.Whenadraftiscompleted,thejobofwritingcanbegin.Thatdifferentinattitudeisthedifferencebetweenamateurandprofessional,inexperienceandexperience,journeymananddraftsman.PeterF.Drucker,theprolificbusinesswriter,callshisfirstdraft“thezerodraft”afterthathecanstartcounting.Mostwriterssharethefeelingthatthefirstdraft,andallofthosewhichfollow,areopportunitiestodiscoverwhattheyhavetosayandhowbesttheycansayit.Toproduceaprogressionofdrafts,eachofwhichsaysmoreandsaysitmoreclearly,thewriterhastodevelopaspecialkindofreadingskill.Inschoolwearetaughttodecodewhatappearsonthepageasfinishedwriting.Writers,however,faceadifferentcategoryofpossibilityandresponsibilitywhentheyreadtheirowndrafts.Tothemthewordsonthewordsonthepageareneverfinished.Eachcanbechangedandrearranged,cansetoffachainreactionofconfusionorclarifiedmeaning.Thisisadifferentkindofreading,whichispossiblymoredifficultandcertainlymoreexciting.Writersmustlearntobetheirownbestenemy.Theymustacceptthecriticismofothersandbesuspiciousofit;theymustacceptthepraiseofothersandbeevenmoresuspiciousofit.Writerscannotdependonothers.TheymustdetachthemselvesfromtheirownpagessothattheycanapplyboththeircaringandtheircrafttotheirownSuchdetaentisnoteasy.SciencefictionwriterRauBradburysupposedlyputseachmanuscriptawayforayeartothedayandthenrereadsitasastranger.Notmanywritershavethedisciplineorthetimetodothis.Wemustreadwhenourjudgmentmaybeatitsbest;whenweareclosetothebestmomentofcreation.Mostpeoplethinkthattheprincipleproblemisthatwritersaretooproudofwhattheyhavewritten.Actually,agreaterproblemformostprofessionalwritersisonesharedbythemajorityofstudents.Theyareoverlycritical,thinkeverythingisdreadful,tearuppageafterpage,nevercompleteadraft,andseethetaskashopeless.Therefore,thewritermustlearntoreadcriticallybutconstructively,tocutwhatisbadandrevealwhatisgood.Attheendofeachrevision,amanuscriptmayworkedover,tornapart,pinnedtogether,addedto,deletedfrom,wordschangedandWhatisthedifferencebetweenastudentandaprofessionalwritertowardtheirfirstdraft?AAprofessionalthinkshisfirstdraftisbetterBAstudentislessconfidentthanaprofessionalaboutthefirstCAstudentwillreadhisfirstdraftmoreseriouslythanaDAstudentseesthedraftashisfinalwork,whileprofessionalseesitastheinitialofhiswork.Whatmighttheword“journeyman”inparagraph2ABCexperiencedwhileundistinguishedDABecausehedoesnotlikehisownBBecausehefeelswritingisCBecauseheis ofDBecauseheneedstodetachhimselffromhisown14Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisABothprofessionalwritersandstudentsmayfeelwritingadreadfulBReadingdraftisdifferentfromreadingfinishedCProfessionalwritersshouldbesuspiciousinrevisingtheirDProfessionalwritersmayalwaysdependonother’scriticisminordertobettertheirwork.Whatistheauthor’sadviceforthoseintheprocessofdraftABetolerantone’sBTearupanypagethatbetraystheoriginalCKeepitawayandtakeitupagainafteratleastaDBebothcriticalandQuestion16-20arebasedonthefollowingItwassohardtokeephereyesopen.Shehadcleanedalldayandnowmustrockthecradleintothenight.Behindherslepttheinfant’smother.Beforeher,thebaby.Herhandrocked,androcked,everalittleslower.Shecouldherwaryeyesnolonger.Herheaddropped.Andthecradlestopped.Amomentlaterherbriefreposewasshatteredbyaflashoffierypainasanangrylashwhippedacrossherneck.Theinfanthadbeguntocrywhenthecradlestopped.Themotherhadwoken.AndHarrietTubman,theslavegirl,wasforareasonwideawakeasadrenalinefloodedherachingbody.Littledidanyonerealizeit,butthosecruellasheswouldultimayworkagainstthosewhoimposedthem;forinhertrials,Harrietwaslearningtheenduranceshewouldneedinlateryearsasshespentmanysleeplessnightsleadinghundredsofslavestodom.Harriet’sownescapetookcewhenshewasinherearlytwenties.Rumourhaditsheandtwoofherbrotherswouldbeseparatedfromtheirfamilyandsentfurthersouththefollowingday,nevertoreturn.Thatnight,Harrietandherbrothersran,guidedonlybytheNorthStarandhearsaythat“lovelywhiteladies”waitedintheNorthtoreceivefugitives.Somedistanceintothenight,Harriet’sbrothersgrewfrightened.Therewasnologicalbasisforhopethattheywouldmakeit.TheNorthwassofaraway,andsearchpartieswouldbeaftertheminthemorning.Harriet’sbrothersgaveupandturnedback.Shecouldnotconvincethemtopresson,butpressonshedid.Along.Hidingbydayandmovingbynight,appealingforfoodfromthosesheprayedwouldbefriendlyandwereHarrietcrossedintoterritorymanydays“IhadcrossedthelineofwhichIhadsolongbeendreaming,”Harrietrecalled,“Iwas;”buttherewasnooneto eme,…Iwasastrangerinastrangeland,andmyhomeafterallwasdownintheoldcabinquarter,withtheoldfolks,andmybrothersandsisters.ButtothissolemnresolutionIcame;Iwas,andtheyshouldbealso;IwouldmakeahomeforthemintheNorth,andtheLordhelme,Iwouldbringthemallthere.”Andthisshedid.Sheenduredhungerandhardship,dangeranddifficulty,returningnineteentimestoleadthreetofourhundredslavestodom—includingallherfamilyexceptonesisterandherthreechildren.WhentheCivilWarbegan,HarrietseveredasascoutandhospitalnursefortheUnionArmywithoutpay,heltohundredsmoreofherpeople.Aptlyshecametobeknownas“Moses”amongnorthernerandsouthernerwritten,oneofthosewhoknewherwellsummedupHarriet’scharacter,saying“…Harriet’swillingnesstoendurehardshipandfaceanydangerforthesakeofherpoorfollowerswasphenomenal.”Wheningslaves,HarrietenduredallthefollowingABCDHarriet’sbrothersturnedback AtheythoughtthedomBtheywerestarvingandhadnoCtheymissedtherestoftheirDtheywerefrightenedofbeingAccordingtothetext,Harriet’sexperienceasslavecouldbeabetterbasisforher ABCDFromthesixthparagraph,wecansee AHarrietwasveryhappybecauseshewasBHarrietfeltalittleisolated,butshewasstrong-mindedtootherCHarrietwasdisappointedwiththeDHarrietlostAfterreadingthewholepassage,wecansafelyguessthatitis AnewsBCDTranslatethefollowingpassageinto (20分)Thespringoflife,andthespringoftheyearwerealikemeanttobecradledinthegreenlapofNature.Tous,inthetown,springbringsbutitscoldwindsanddrizzlingrains.Wemustseekitamongsttheleaflesswoods,andthebramblylanes,onthehealthymoors,andthegreat,stillhills,ifwewanttofeelitsjoyousbreath,andhearitssilentvoices.Thereisagloriousfreshnessinthespringthere.Thescurryingclouds,theopenbleakness,therushingwind,andtheclearbrigh