医学词汇构词法i11Voc课件

ByWangLanying

ForeignLanguageDepartmentTheFormationofMedialVocabulary

ACourseofLearningEnglishforMedicalPurposesI.Target1.Masteringmedicallanguage:vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:speakingandwritingwithMLI.Target3.NurturethesenseofstylisticresearchII.Methodology

1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation2.Understandthemedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures4.Activeandenergeticlearningundertheteacher’sguideDavi-EllenChambersays:Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.ThewordsatfirstsoundstrangeandcomplicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meaning“stomachache”,andophthalmologist,meaning‘eyedoctor’,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalinthateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccomponentpartsandthenunderstood.Whatismedicallanguage?BasicelementsofmedicalwordsMostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinalltheseparts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.[医]硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia

(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosisElectr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootrootcombiningvowelcombiningvowel心电图Combiningformsprefixessuffixescyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifeaden/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o:whiteoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia:bloodcondition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrumentfrovisuallyexam-itis:inflammation-ist:personspecializedin-logy:processofstudy-oma:tumor-osis:abnormalcondition-tomy:cutting2.Tocorrelateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesofthehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:tumoroftheliver肝细胞瘤Hematoma:bloodtumor血肿MedicalTerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrinesyst.Reproductivesyst.MasteryofMedicalWordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistributionofvocabularyinmedicalliteratureEssentialvoc.Popularsciencevoc.MedicaltermsMedicalTerminologyI.ConversionII.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫电泳I.Conversion词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇；opportunist;sympatheticblock交感神经阻滞术,sympatheticnerve,sympathomimetic拟交感神经药；capsule胶囊药,被膜Reservoir贮主(zhu)Toprotecttracheafromcollapsingtheuncompromisedhost不易受感染的宿主space–occupyinglesion占位性病变Derivatives

Prefix:ir-il-im-mis-irregularity,irresistableillegal,illiterateimmatureimmobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisstatemismanageun-unconditionedreflex非条件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化细胞白血病

unresolvedpneumonia未吸收肺炎unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unstableangina不稳定型心绞痛

none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutationnonself非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的ex-exclusionexcretionexhaleex-presidentex-wifeexclude排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外V.-en.(a.+en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten-aln.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(butnot:compose,compromise)CompoundsRootsOrgansandtheirrootsliver→hepato/a-lung→pulmono-kidney→reno-/nephro-heart→cardio-nerve→neuro-spleen→splen(o)brain→cerebro-head→cephal(o)eye→ophthalm/skin→dermo-ear→oto-(otology)chest→thorac/o-arteri/o→arteryvaso→vesseldyspnea呼吸困难dysphonia发声困难counter-对抗，抑制countercurrent逆流counterbalance等衡psycho-精神/心理psychologypsychiatrypsychobiologythrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis

血栓性淋巴管炎Thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎meningo-

脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis脑脊膜脑脊髓炎lympho-lymphocytopenia

淋巴细胞减少radio-radionuclide-angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术immuno-immunosuppressionelectro-electrosynthesis

电合成staphylo-

葡萄，悬雍垂staphylotoxin

葡萄球菌毒素staphyloplasty

悬雍垂成形术Strepto-StreptococcusStreptomycinOsteo→boneosteocystoma骨囊瘤Lumb/o→lumbarlumbodynia腰痛lumbocostal腰肋的

Suffix:-itis

(inflammation)hepatitisbronchitisnephritiscolitisgastritisappendicitisotitisendocarditispanarthritis多发性关节炎

-ectomy(removal)splenectomyappendectomypharyngectomy-graphy（照像术）cephalography测颅术cardiography心动描记法-gram照片cardiogram心动图-scope(glass)ophthalmoscopestethoscopemicroscopetelescopemicroscopetelescope-cyte(cell)leukocytemyocyte-coccus球菌

staphylococci葡萄球菌meningococcipneumococcistreptococci-logy(science)PsychologySociologyPathologyPharmacology-ist(scientist)Physiologist-cianphysician,pediatriciantechnicianclinician-oma(neoplasm)瘤hepatoarcinomaadenoma