Shakespeare莎士比亚文学作品介绍(英文)

Shakespeare莎士比亚文学作品介绍(英文)第一页，共46页。154sonnets十四行诗2longpoems37playsTragediesComediesHistoryplays

Tragi-comediesShakespeare’sWorks第二页，共46页。HISTRAGEDIESamongthemostpowerfulstudiesofhumannatureinallliteratureappropriatelyasthegreatestachievementsofhisdramaticartistryhisunforgettabletragiccharacters,suchasRomeoandJuliet,Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth第三页，共46页。FourGreatTragediesHamlet(1601)

哈姆雷特Othello(1604)

奥赛罗KingLear(1605)

李尔王Macbeth(1606)麦克白第四页，共46页。HISCOMEDIESHiscomediescelebratehumansociallifeevenastheyexposehumanfolly（stupid）.Bymeansthataresometimeshumiliating（degrade）,evenpainful,characterslearngreaterwisdomandemergewithaclearerviewofreality.

Tragediesbeginhappilyandendinmisery.Comedies,ontheotherhand,begininmiseryandendhappily.第五页，共46页。Well-knownComediesTheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人AMidsummerNight’sDream仲夏夜之梦TwelfthNight第十二夜AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜All’sWellThatEndsWell终成眷属MuchAdoaboutNothing无事生非第六页，共46页。Histories2HenryVI3HenryVI1HenryVIRichardIIIRichardIIKingJohn1HenryIV2HenryIV

HenryVHenryVIII第七页，共46页。HisHistoryPlaysHistoryplays（sometimesknownaschronicleplays

）----ahighlypopularformofdramainShakespeare’stime.第八页，共46页。Shakespeare’sPoetryPoetryVenusandAdonisTheRapeofLucreceSonnets`ALover'sComplaint'ThePassionatePilgrimThePhoenixandTheTurtle第九页，共46页。

Shakespearewrotein“EarlyModernEnglish.”EMEwasnotverydifferentfrom“ModernEnglish,”Shakespeare’sLanguage第十页，共46页。

AmixofoldandverynewRuralandurbanwords/imagesUnderstandablebythelowestpeasantandthehighestnobleShakespeare’sLanguageThou=you(主格）Thy=your（物主代词）Thee=you（宾格）第十一页，共46页。Warming-upMatchthemeaningwiththequotationandtheplay.第十二页，共46页。“Words,words,onlywords,nomatterfromtheheart”Meaning:Emptywords,notrealthoughtsorideasfromtheheart.TroilusandCressida空话,空话,只是空话,没有一点发自内心.第十三页，共46页。Romeo,Romeo,whyareyouRomeo?Denyyourfather,andrefuseyourname…罗密欧,罗密欧,你为什么是罗密欧?否定你的父亲放弃你的姓氏.RomeoandJulietVersionInmodernEnglish第十四页，共46页。“Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe”

Meaning:Itisbestnottolend(money)toothersandnottoborrowfromothers.Whenwelendsth,werisklosingboththethingwelendandthefriendshipwiththeotherperson.Hamlet别借债,莫放债.第十五页，共46页。Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.

Meaning:Apersonwhohasgreatresponsibility,suchasaking,isconstantlyworriedandthereforedoesn’tsleepsoundly.头戴王冠,寝食不安.第十六页，共46页。“Tobeornottobe:thatisthequestion”Meaning:Thatisaquestionwhethertoliveoninthisworldortodie,thatis,totakeactionortodonothing.Hamlet生存还是毁灭,这是个问题.第十七页，共46页。

/shakespeare/index.htmlAlltheworld'saStage(fromAsYouLikeIt))Alltheworld'sastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers:Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances;Andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,Hisactsbeingsevenages.全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演员而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七个时期。第十八页，共46页。“Life’sbutawalkingshadow;apoorplayer,Thatstrutsandfretshishouruponthestage,Andisheardofnomore:itisataleToldbyanidiot,fullofsoundandfury,Signifyingnothing.” -MacbethActV;s.5人生不过是一个行走的影子，一个在舞台上指手划脚的笨拙的怜人，登场片刻，便在无声无息中悄然退去，这是一个愚人所讲的故事，充满了喧哗和骚动，却一无所指。《麦克白》第十九页，共46页。InfluenceShakespeare’sworkhasmadealastingimpressiononlatertheatreandliterature.HiswritingiswidelyregardedasoneofthethreemainsourcesoftheEnglishliterature,whiletheothertwoareGreekandRomanmythsandtheBible.InShakespeare’sday,Englishgrammarandspellingwerelessstandardisedthantheyarenow,andhisuseoflanguagehelpedshapemodernEnglish.第二十页，共46页。BenJonsondedicated（devoted）

apoeminpraiseofShakespeare我的莎士比亚，起来吧。我不想把你安置在乔叟、斯宾塞的身旁，或者叫波蒙特躺过去一点，给你让出些地方。即使没有墓，你也是一块丰碑，你仍然活着，只要你的书还在，只要我们会读书，我们会说出赞词。……自豪吧，我的不列颠，你拿的出一个人，欧洲所有剧坛都向他致敬。他不只属于一个时代，而是属于永远。

第二十一页，共46页。TheCostofaShow1shillingtostand2shillingstositinthebalcony1shillingwas10%oftheirweeklyincome第二十二页，共46页。ActorsOnlymenandboysYoungboyswhosevoiceshadnotchangedplaywomen’srolesWouldhavebeenconsideredindecentforawomantoappearonstageCostumeswereoftenthecompany’smostvaluableassetCostumesweremadebythecompany,boughtinLondon,ordonatedbycourtiers第二十三页，共46页。TheGlobeTheaterTheevidencesuggeststhatitwasathree-storey,open-airamphitheatreapproximately100

feet(30

m)indiameterthatcouldhouseupto3,000

spectators.

第二十四页，共46页。TheGlobeTheatre–Shakespeare’sMostSuccessfulFinancialVentureCalledthe“WoodenO”becauseofitseightsidedshape.Stayedinbusinessbecauseofthefavoroftheroyaltyofthetime第二十五页，共46页。--Softyounow!

ThefairOphelia!Nymph,inthy(your)orisons

Beallmysinsremember'd.---Hamlet且慢！美丽的奥菲利娅！——女神，在你的祈祷之中，不要忘记替我忏悔我的罪孽。第二十六页，共46页。Hamlet

ThePrinceofDenmark,thetitlecharacter,andtheprotagonist.Aboutthirtyyearsoldatthestartoftheplay,thesonofQueenGertrudeandthelateKingHamlet,thenephewofthepresentking,Claudius.第二十七页，共46页。Hamlet’ssoliloquyForsuchafigureasHamlet,soliloquyisanaturalmedium,anecessaryreleaseofhisanguish;andsomeofhisquestioningmonologuespossesssurpassingpowerandinsight,whichhavesurvivedcenturiesofbeingtornfromtheircontext.第二十八页，共46页。HowmanysoliloquiesdoesHamletdeliver?

Hamlethas

sevenmajorsoliloquies:"Othatthistootoosulliedfleshwouldmelt"(1.2.129-159)

"Oallyouhostofheaven!Oearth!whatelse?"(1.5.92-111)

"OwhatarogueandpeasantslaveamI!"(2.2.549-607)

"Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion"(3.1.56-89)

"Tisnowtheverywitchingtimeofnight"(3.3.380-392)

"NowmightIdoitpat,nowa'isa-praying"(3.3.73-96)

"Howalloccasionsdoinformagainstme"(4.4.32-66)第二十九页，共46页。Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:

Whether’tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer

Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune

Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,

Andbyopposingendthem?—Todie,—tosleep,—

Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweend

Theheartache,andthethousandnaturalshocks

Thatfleshisheirto,—’tisaconsummation

Devoutlytobewish’d.Todie,—tosleep;—

Hamlet’ssoliloquy生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。第三十页，共46页。Tosleep:perchancetodream:—ay,there’stherub;

Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome,

Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,

Mustgiveuspause:there’stherespect

Thatmakescalamityofsolonglife;

Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,

Theoppressor’swrong,theproudman’scontumely,

Thepangsofdespis’dlove,thelaw’sdelay,

Theinsolenceofoffice,andthespurns

Thatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,

Whenhehimselfmighthisquietusmake

Withabarebodkin?...睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生。第三十一页，共46页。Withabarebodkin?

whowouldthesefardelsbear,

Togruntandsweatunderawearylife,

Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,—

Theundiscover’dcountry,fromwhosebourn

Notravellerreturns,—puzzlesthewill,

Andmakesusratherbearthoseillswehave

Thanflytoothersthatweknownotof?谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？第三十二页，共46页。Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall;

Andthusthenativehueofresolution

Issickliedo’erwiththepalecastofthought;

Andenterprisesofgreatpithandmoment,

Withthisregard,theircurrentsturnawry,

Andlosethenameofaction.这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。第三十三页，共46页。Hamlet’ssoliloquyMainIdea:Thisisaninternalphilosophicaldebateontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofexistence,andwhetheritisone‘srighttoendhisorherownlife.Itpresentsamostlogicalandpowerfulexaminationofthethemeofthemorallegitimacy（lawfulness

）ofsuicideinanunbearablypainfulworld.第三十四页，共46页。Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:

thekeysentencedilemmaoftryingtodeterminethemeaningoflifeanddeath

sufferthelifepassivelytoendone’ssufferingsactively?TobeToliveandnottotakeactionNottobeTotakeactionanddieWhichisnobler?第三十五页，共46页。Tobe----tolivesufferthelifepassivelythewhipsandscornsoftimetheoppressor’swrongpangsofdespis’dlovethelaw’sdelayinsolenceofoffice…Nottobe----todieseektoendone’ssufferingsactivelybringhimselfpeacewithaknife–easy!But--Unknowndreamsinthedeath-sleepNobodycomesbackfromtheunknownlandtotellabouttheirafterlife“thedreadofsomethingafterdeath”makespeoplesubmittothesufferingoftheirlivesratherthangotoanotherstateofexistencewhichmightbeevenmoremiserable.

Painsalreadyknown第三十六页，共46页。Hamlet’sthemeTreachery（betrayal）revengeincestmoralcorruption第三十七页，共46页。Hamlet’scharactermelancholy,bitter,andcynical,fullofhatredforhisuncle’sscheminganddisgustforhismother’ssexuality.AreflectiveandthoughtfulyoungmanwhohasstudiedattheUniversityofWittenberg,oftenindecisiveandhesitant,butatothertimespronetorashandimpulsiveacts.第三十八页，共46页。RomeoandJuliet第三十九页，共46页。RomeoandJulietThoughatragedy,thereisnotinge(hint)ofpessimismintheplay.Itisasongofyouthandtruelove.

第四十页，共46页。SettingofRomeoandJulietTheplayismainlysetinthethirteenthorfourteenthcenturyinItalyinVerona.MuchoftheactiontakesplaceinJuliet'shouse.TheCapuletsandtheMontagues,themainfamiliesoftheplay,arefromnoblelineage（家族）

andwealth;theydresswell,liveinfancysurrou