新版yfwAAA2023高考英语一轮复习-Unit-1-Women-of-achievement练习-新人教版必修4

PAGEPAGE11Unit1Womenofachievement新题型—短文语法填空(由2023·马鞍山市第三次质检改编)AskanygroupofteenagersintheUKwhattheymostliketoeat,andfoodslikepizzas,hamburgersandchipsaresuretogetamention.Butwhatteenagersliketoeatisnotnecessarilywhattheyshouldbeeating.AccordingtotheNationalDietandNutritionSurvey,fartoomanyyoungpeopleintheUKbetweentheagesof4and18consumetoomuchfat,sugarandsaltintheirdiet.Meanwhile,theirintakeoffibre,ironandcalcium(钙)istoolow.Foragrowingbody,eatingfoodscontainingplentyofcalcium,suchasmilk,yogurtandcheese,isimportantascalciumiscompletelynecessaryforthedevelopmentofhealthy,strongbones.Similarly,foodsthatarerichinironaregoodforyoung,rapidlydevelopingbodies,soredmeat,bread,greenvegetables,anddriedfruitarealsorecommended.Itisduringourteenageyearsthatlifestylehabitscanbeformed,soitisvitalthatyoungpeopleareeducatedaboutwhatfoodsaregoodforthem.In2023,andinanattempttochangeeatinghabitsandopenteenagers'mindstonewtastes,thefamouschef,JamieOliverstarteda“FeedMeBetter〞campaign.HeworkedwithteachersandcooksinanumberofschoolsacrosstheUKtoprovidemorehealthy,nutritiousschoolmealchoices.Althoughsometeenagersandparentsresistedit,thecampaignwasingeneralbelievedasahugesuccessandhelpedtoinfluencegovernmentalpolicyonnutritionalstandardsforschoolmeals.Nooneexpectstoendtheteenageloveaffairwithfastandjunkfoodbut,hopefully,ifprojectslike“FeedMeBetter〞continuetogiveouttherightmessages,moreyoungpeoplewillunderstandtheimportanceofbalancingseveraltreatswithhealthierfoodchoices.Title:ALittleofWhatYouFancy1.______Teenagers'2.______hastoomuchfat,sugar,saltandcalories.Theydon't3.______inenoughfibre,ironandcalcium.RecommendationTeenagerseatfoodswhich4.______plentyofcalcium.Foodsrichinironshouldbeeatenfortheyoungbodiesin5.______development.“FeedMeBetter〞CampaignItisimportantforyoungpeopletohavethe6.______aboutgoodlifestylehabits.●JamieOliver7.______tochangeteenagers'eatinghabits.●Morehealthy,nutritiousmealchoiceswere8.______forschools.Thecampaignwas9.______believedsuccessfulthoughresisted.ExpectationYoungpeoplecanfinda10.______betweentheirtreatsandhealthyfoodchoices.答案：1．Problems2.diet/food3.take4.contain/have5.rapid6．vided9.generally10．balance一、单句语法填空1．(2023·福建，短文填词)Thediscussionwillverysoonturninto________argument.2．(2023·北京，阅读B)Apparentlysatisfiedthatwecausednofurtherthreat，thebear________(move)off.3．(2023·重庆，阅读A)Thedisabledshouldbetreated________respect.4．(2023·陕西，阅读D)Otherformsofparentalinvolvement，includingvolunteeringatschooland________(observe)achild'sclass，alsofailtohelp.5．(2023·陕西，六选五)Itisnecessaryforustothinkofothersandbeconsiderate________them.6．(2023·湖北，阅读E)Today，astheworld'surbanpopulationexplodes，andcitiesbecomemore________(crowd)tallerandmorecrowded，America'stotalnumberofelevatorsareaforcethat'sbecomingmoreimportantthanever.7．He'smoreofatalkerthanadoer，whichiswhyhe________(achieve)nothingsofar.8．(2023·四川，阅读E)Iwas________(inspire)whilewatchingatelevisionprogramshowinghowsledsmighthavehelpedwithpyramidconstruction.9．Personally，Idon'tthinkitworthwhileforthem________(spend)allthesavingsonthistrip.10．(2023·江苏，阅读C)It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththe________(organize)activities.答案1.an2.moved3.with4.observing5.to6．crowded7.hasachieved8.inspired9.toanization's二、完形填空完形填空。Atthe1924OlympicGamesinParis，thefavoriteteaminthefour­mancanoeracewastheUnitedStatesteam.OnememberofthatteamwasayoungmanbythenameofBillHavens.AsthetimefortheOlympics__1__，itbecameclearthatBill'swifewouldgivebirthtotheirfirstchildaboutthetimethattheUSteamwouldbe__2__intheParisgames.In1924therewerenojetairlinersfromParistotheUnitedStates，only__3__ocean­goingships.AndsoBillfoundhimselfina__4__.ShouldhegotoParisand__5__notbeingathiswife'ssidewhentheirbabywasborn？Orshouldhe__6__fromtheteamandremainwithhisfamily?Bill'swife__7__thathegotoParis.__8__，competingintheOlympicswashislifelong__9__.ButBillfelt__10__and,aftermuchsoul­searching，__11__towithdrawfromthecompetitionandremainhome，wherehecould__12__hiswifewhenthechildarrived.Asit__13__，theUnitedStatesfour­mancanoeteamwonthegoldmedalinParis.AndBill'swifewas__14__ingivingbirthtotheirchild.Shewassolate，infact，thatBillcouldhavecompetedintheeventandreturnedhomeintimetobewithherwhenshegave__15__.Peoplesaid，“Whatashame.〞ButBillsaidhehadno__16__.Fortherestofhislife，hebelievedhehadmadethe__17__decision.BillHavensknewwhatwasmost__18__tohim.Noteverybodyfiguresthatout.Andheactedonwhathebelievedwasbest.Noteverybodyhasthe__19__tosaynotosomethingheorshetrulywantsinordertosayyestosomethingthattruly__20__.ButforBill，itwastheonlywaytopeace；theonlywaytonoregrets.文章大意：BillHavens即将参加1924年奥运会的四人划艇比赛，但为了即将分娩的妻子，他选择放弃比赛，从而错过了赢得奥运金牌的时机。面对众人的惋惜，他却表示从未为此感到懊悔。1.A．neared B．startedC．ended D．narrowed答案：A根据下文可知，奥运会临近了，他的妻子也快要分娩了。near作动词时意为“接近，临近〞。2．A.practising B．competingC．entering D．trying答案：B根据空后的intheParisgames可知，此处指他妻子分娩时他应该正在巴黎奥运会上比赛(compete)。3．A.expensive B．heavyC．large D．slow答案：D此处与空前的jetairliners形成比照，说明当时只有速度很慢的(slow)船只可以到达巴黎。4．A.hurry B．puzzleC．dilemma D．trap答案：C是参加比赛，还是待在家里陪护妻子，他处于两难的境地，dilemma“(进退两难的)窘境，困境〞。5．A.avoid B．riskC．bear D．miss答案：B根据上文可知，如果他去巴黎参加奥运比赛就要冒孩子出生时他不在妻子身边的风险。risk“冒……的危险〞。6．A.break B．keepC．wander D．withdraw答案：D根据空后的remainwithhisfamily可知，他在考虑自己是否应该从队中退出，待在家里。withdrawfrom“退出，离开〞。7．A.complained B．preferredC．insisted D．promised答案：C根据空后的thathegotoParis可知，这里用的是虚拟语气，四个选项中只有insist符合这一要求，从语义上也可得此答案。8．A.Afterall B．AboveallC．Inall D．Atall答案：A此处强调比赛对他的重要性，用“毕竟〞来加强语气。aboveall“首先，最重要的是〞，inall“总共，合计〞，atall“根本，究竟〞，都不符合语义。9．A.purpose B．struggleC．opportunity D．dream答案：D根据语境可知，他之所以处于两难境地，他的妻子之所以劝他去，都是因为参加奥运比赛是他一生的梦想(dream)。10．A.disappointed B．conflictedC．confused D．encouraged答案：B根据上文可知，他处于进退两难的境地，内心很矛盾。conflicted“冲突的，矛盾的〞。11．A.expected B．continuedC．decided D．stopped答案：C根据下文可知，此处表示经过深思，他决定(decide)退出比赛，待在家里。12．A.support B．watchC．comfort D．appreciate答案：A他最终决定留在家里，这样他就可以在孩子降生时支持、帮助妻子，故用support。13．A.fedback B．pointedoutC．cameout D．turnedout答案：D最后的结果是，美国四人划艇队获得了巴黎奥运会的金牌。turnout“结果是〞。14．A.effortless B．sorryC．late D．hard答案：C根据下一句中的Shewassolate可知，此处应用late，表示他妻子分娩的时间比预产期晚。15．A.expression B．birthC．way D．break答案：B根据14空后的givingbirthtotheirchild可知此处应用birth。16．A.pains B．sufferingsC．defeats D．regrets答案：D由上一句可知，人们为他感到惋惜，而But一词说明他的想法和众人不同，也就是说他不懊悔。regret“懊悔，遗憾〞。17．A.better B．biggerC．worse D．more答案：A上文说他自己并不懊悔，说明他相信这是他做出的最好的决定。18．A.obvious B．trueC．important D．close答案：CBill能做出这样的决定是因为他知道什么对自己最重要(important)。19．A.responsibility B．loveC．kindness D．strength答案：D此处是作者的观点：并不是每个人都有“力量〞对他或她真正想要的东西说不。20．A.lasts B．mattersC．works D．records答案：B他放弃了自己的梦想是为了选择对自己来说重要的事情。matter“有重要性，有重大关系〞。三、阅读理解A【2023模拟题】阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出最正确选项。WhenIwas8yearsold,Idecidedtorunawayfromhomeafteraquarrelwithmymother.Withmysuitcasepackedandsomesandwichesinabag,Istartedforthefrontdoor.MymomaskedwhereIwasgoing.“I’mleavinghome,〞Isaid.“What’sthatyou’recarrying?〞sheasked.“Someclothesandfood,〞Ireplied.“Ifyouwanttorunaway,that’sallright,〞shesaid.“Butyoucameintothishomewithoutanythingandyoucanleavethesameway.〞Ithrewmysuitcaseandsandwichesonthefloorandstartedforthedooragain.“Waitaminute,〞Momsaid.“Youdidn’thaveanyclothesonwhenyouarrived,andIwantthemback.〞Thisinfuriatedme.Itoremyclothesoff—shoes,socks,underwearandall—andshouted,“CanIgonow?〞“Yes,〞mymomanswered,“butonceyouclosethatdoor,don’texpecttocomeback.〞IwassoangrythatIshutthedoorforcefullyandsteppedoutofmyhome.ThenInoticeddownthestreettwoneighborgirlswalkingtowardourhouse.IwassoshythatIsawthebigspruce(云杉)treeinouryardandjumpedunderthelow-hangingbranches.Apileofdried-upbrownneedleswerebeneaththetree,andyoucan’timaginethepainthosesharpneedlescausedtomybody.AfterIwassurethegirlshadpassedby,Irantothefrontdoorandknockedatitloudly.“It’sBilly!Letmein!〞Thevoicebehindthedooranswered,“Billydoesn’tlivehereanymore.Heranawayfromhome.〞Lookingbehindmetoseeifanyoneelsewascomingdownthestreet,Isaid,“Mom!I’msorry.I’mstillyourson.Letmein!〞ThedooropenedandMom’ssmilingfaceappeared.“Didyouchangeyourmindaboutrunningaway?〞sheasked.“What’sforsupper?〞Ismiledback.1.Whentheauthorwasleavinghome,hismotherorderedhimto_____.A.stayathomeB.takesomesandwichesC.leaveeverythingbehindD.checkhissuitcasecarefully2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’smom?A.Selfishandproud.

B.Strictbutloving.C.Kindandhelpful.

D.Wisebutimpatient.3.Theunderlinedword“infuriated〞probablymeans“_____〞.A.surprised

B.warned

C.encouraged

D.angered4.Whydidtheauthorjumpunderthelow-hangingbranches?A.Toavoidbeingseen.B.Tofindsomeneedles.C.Toplayajokeonthetwogirls.D.Toattractthetwogirls’attention.5.Thelastsentence“What’sforsupper?〞mainlyshowsthattheauthor_____.A.feltveryhungryatthattimeB.changedhisplantoleavehomeC.wishedtoeatsomethingbeforeleavingD.wantedtoknowwhathismotherpreparedforsupper

(家庭)

本文是记叙文。作者在八岁的时候，因为与母亲吵架萌生离家出走的想法，然而在他准备迈出家门的那一刻，却被母亲拦住了，因为母亲向他提出了一个条件……1.C。细节理解题。根据文中的Butyoucameintothishomewithoutanythingandyoucanleavethesameway可知，在作者要离家出走时，母亲让他把所有的东西都留下。2.B。推理判断题。让离家出走的儿子脱掉所有的衣服，显示母亲的苛刻，但母亲又让吃尽苦头要求回家的儿子进家门，由此可知，母亲对儿子又充满了爱。应选B项。3.D。词义猜想题。根据划线词后的Itoremyclothesoff

—

shoes,socks,underwearandall

—

andshouted,

“CanIgonow?〞可知，脱去衣服、大声喊叫的作者十分生气。故infuriated在此处有“激怒〞的意思。4.A。细节理解题。根据文中的

...noticeddownthestreettwoneighborgirlswalkingtowardourhouse.Iwassoshythat...

可知，脱光了衣服的作者看到有人走过来，为了防止为难，跳到树丛中以免被人看到。5.B。推理判断题。在树丛中受尽了苦头的作者，最后向母亲抱歉，要求回家，他说“晚饭吃什么〞暗含着他改变了离家出走的想法。B阅读理解。阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出最正确选项。Inbusiness,thereisaspeeddifference:It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirmsleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive(竞争的)strategy〔策略〕andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchoosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack,What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup“improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusinessphysics,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower〞and“faster〞mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,higher-performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowedtimetolookbackandlearn.Bycontrast(相比而言),performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency,stucktotestedmethods,didn’tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.()1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge〞inParagraph2mean?A.Increasethespeed.B.Getanadvantage.C.Reachthelimit.D.Setagoal.()2.Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics〞inParagraph3means___________.A.spendingmoretimeandperformingworse.B.spendingmoretimeandperformingbetterC.spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD.spendinglesstimeandp