现在完成时讲解及练习

Unit9:现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+(done)二．句型：肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)/No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guozijunhas(just/already)come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）●⑤Itis+时段+since+从句（过去时）Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Mary已经生病三年了。Ihavelivedheresince1998.自从1998年我就住在这儿。四．hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的区别Have/Hasgone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Whereisyourfather？HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去了上海。Have/Hasbeen(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.我爸爸去过上海。Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.我爸爸已经在上海呆了两个月。五．现在完成时的标志

1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*以already,just和yet为标志

Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的帮助。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这场电影。Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他还没有回来。*以ever和never为标志ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从没有到过北京。*以动作发生的次数为标志HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他说他已经去过美国三次了。*以sofar（到目前为止）为标+beforeHehasgottoBeijingsofar.到目前为止他已到了北京。Shehaspassedtheexamsofar.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。*①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六．过去分词1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped2、：原型过去式过去分词AAA型burstburstburst爆发,hurthurthurt伤害,使受伤letletlet让costcostcost花费cutcutcut切hithithit打,撞击putputput放setsetset设置shutshutshut关闭spreadspreadspreadreadreadread阅读read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB型beatbeatbeaten打败ABA型becomebecamebecomerunranecamecome特殊情况ABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtbuildbuiltbuiltburnburntburntcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundhearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlaylaidlaidleadledledloselostlostmakemademademeetmetmetsellsoldsoldshootshotshotsitsatsatstandstoodstoodsweepsweptsweptteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtwinwonwonABC型beginbeganbegunblowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosendrawdrewdrawndrivedrovedrivendrinkdrankdrunkflyflewflownforgiveforgaveforgivenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozengivegavegivengrowgrewgrownknowknewknownrideroderiddenriseroserisenringrangrungshakeshookshakensingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswumthrowthrewthrownwritewrotewritten七．（buy,die,join,come，go,leave,join……）不能直接与forsince连用。要改变动词buy----haveborrow-----keepcome/arrive/reach/getto-----beingoout----beoutleave----beawaybegin-----beonfinish----beoveropen----beopenclose-----becloseddie----bedead★代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?★4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★5、用wear代替putonb)用“be＋形容词”代1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall(get)ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall(get)asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wakeup6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代getup3“be＋back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto常用瞬间动词变表：1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/e/gone/movedtosw.→havebeeninsw./at…相应的介词2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout4.havebecome→havebeen5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclose/open6.havegotup→havebeenup；7.havedied→havebeendead；8.haveleftsw.→havebeenawayfromsw.9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep；10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover；11.havemarried→havebeenmarried；12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.；13.havebegun→havebeenon14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had15.havelost→haven’thad16.haveputon→haveworn17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold；18.havegottoknow→haveknown19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…现在完成时练习(一)A)选用have,has填空:_______toldhimthenews.________comebackfromschool.________wonthegame.B)按要求改写下列各句:haveboughtacomputer.(改成否定句)_________________________________________haslosthisbook.

(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_________________________________________C)单项选择6.-Wherehaveyou_____,Kate?

-I've______tothebank.

A.gone,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.been,gone7.Hergrandfather______fortwoyears.

A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadD.hasbeendied8.It'ssixweeks______Imetyoulast.

A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.for9.TomandJackhavearrivedatWestHillFarmalready.A.havegotB.havegonetoC.havebeentoD.havereached现在完成时练习（二）一、单项选择。

1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.（呼和浩特）

Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow

2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?

Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still

3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？

Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago

4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.

Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten

5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.

Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;good

Ｃ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better

6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.

Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;study

Ｃ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying

7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.

Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew

8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.

Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see

9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.

—Really?When_____there?

Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygo

Ｃ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone

10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?

—Yes.I_____itamomentago.

Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finished

Ｃ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish

11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.

Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin

12、—Doyouknowhimwell?

—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.

Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade

13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?

—Abouttwomonths.

Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived

14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.

Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegun

Ｃ.hasbeenonＤ.began

15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.

Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was

16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.

Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen

17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.

Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeento

Ｃ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen

18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?

A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey

19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?

A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,got

C.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived

20、Hisuncle____formorethan9years.

A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtowork

C.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity

二、句型转换。

1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑问句）

2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)

____＿＿＿＿theybeenhere?

3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He＿＿＿＿forayear.(die)（动词填空）

4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)

Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.

5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)

MissGao_______________________________anhourago.

6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）

Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.

7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)

_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.

8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)

___________________________________________

三、汉译英。

1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。6、他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：

一、单项选择。

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。

2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。

3、C

4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），sofar（到目前为止），inthepast/“last+一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的