-新教材高中英语Unit3检测含解析北师大版选择性必修第一册

PAGEPAGE7WRITINGWORKSHOP&READINGCLUB[A级——语言点基础练]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Eachoftotempoles(图腾柱)iscarefullycarved(雕)andpainted.2．Fortunatelythethunderstorm(雷暴)keptoffuntilweweresafelyindoors.3．Theyhavereceivednoticeofatyphoon(台风)approaching.4．IttookthemseveraldaystocrosstheAtlantic(大西洋的)Ocean.5．Wemustconserve(保护)ourforestsandwoodlandsforfuturegenerations.6．Wewereastonishedtofindthetemple(寺院)stillinitsoriginalcondition.7．Astreamiswindingit’swaythroughthevalley(山谷)intotheriver.8．GaoZhiisamemberofmanagementcommittee(委员会)ofLiuyangCulturalIndustrialPark.9．AnactivityaboutpayingavisittoConfucius(孔子)Museumwillbeorganizedbyourclassoverthecomingwinterholiday.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．InVenice,makesureyouhavesomewaytocheckthechangeable2．AprogramcalledEverlastingClassicsisbecomingincreasingly(increase)popular.3．Theopportunitiesforpersonalandrelationshipgrowth(grow)arewellworththeeffort.4．Thetruth(true)is,youcanloseweight,feelhealthier,andlookamazing,allbydoingsmallthingseveryday.5．We,alsointears,lookedonasheproudly(proud)displayedhiscertificate.6．Thescenic(scene)spotisonnorthwesternoutsideofBeijing.7．Somewereinmemoryofsettlers’formerhomes,othersinhonourofhistoric(history)events.8．Eveninadvancedagricultural(agriculture)societies,ittookaboutninety­fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.Ⅲ.选词填空hometo，belocatedin，ontopofthat，attherateof，resultin，lackof，dreamof，focuson1.Theislandishometomanybirdsandanimals.2．Thetrainwasgoingattherateof95kilometresanhour.3．AstudyshowedthatboilingvegetablesresultedinahighlossofvitaminC.4．Ontopofthat,hebelievesinworkingformoney.5．NarvikislocatedinthesouthofNorway.6．Helikedtodreamofsomethingimpossible.7．Bydoingso,youcancontrolyourappetitewhilealsomakingsureyourbodyisnotlackofwater.8．Whenyouarelookingatyourphoneonamovingbus,yourinnerearrealizesthemovebutyoureyes,focusedonthescreen,thinkyoudon’tmove.Ⅳ.补全句子1．Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.另一方面，黑色令人压抑。2．Theywenthomeinahurry,hungryandcold.他们匆忙地回家了，又饿又冷。3．Hestaredathisfriendwithhismouthwideopen.他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。4．Hedied,leavinghiswifewithfivechildren.他死了，留下妻子和五个孩子。Ⅴ.课文(p.66～67)语法填空Inthelastfewyears,environmentaldisasters1.havebeenbecoming(become)moreandmorecommon.Terriblefloodsandstormsaregettingworseandworseeverywhereand2.reduced(reduce)rainfallbringsaboutmoreseveredroughts.Volcanic3.eruptions(eruption)andearthquakeswereoftenthecase.Overpopulationisthemainreason.4.Ontopofthat,globalwarmingandthe5.destruction(destroy)oftheworld’sforestscontributealottoit.Ofcourse,landslidesandearthquakeshaveanimportantrole6.toplay(play)init.Homesbuiltfrom7.whatevermaterialsthatcouldbefoundcaneasilycollapseduringearthquakesorlandslides,8.especially(especial)afterheavyrain.Mostdisasterexpertsbelieve,ifwedon’ttakeimmediateaction,thatthingscouldget9.alotworse.Forexample,wehaven’tseenthe10.worst(bad)resultoferuption.Ⅵ.根据课文(p.72～73)内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。MathildeLoisellivedamiserablelifebutdreamedofbeingpartoftheupperclass.(要点1)Oncesheborrowedabeautifuldiamondnecklacefromherfriendinordertotakepartinaball.Unfortunatelyshelostthenecklaceandwaslostinhugedebt.(要点2)Sosheworkedhardtopayoffthedebtinthefollowingtenyears.(要点3)Shecameacrossthefriendonedayandthelattertoldherthenecklaceshehadlostwasonlycostumejewelleryworthonlyfivehundredfrancs.(要点4)[B级——话题语篇练]Ⅰ.阅读理解AAnewstudyhasfoundthatNorthAmericanmigratory(迁徏的)birdshavebeengettingsmalleroverthepast40years.Researcherssaythefindingsuggestsawarmingclimate(气候)couldbeaffectingbirdgrowthinNorthAmerica—andacrosstheworld.ThestudywasrecentlypublishedinEcologyLetters.Researchersmeasured(测量)thesizeof80,000birdskilledfrom1978to2016duringthespringandfallmigrationsinthecityofChicago,Illinois.Overthe40­yearperiod,bodysizedecreasedinall52species.Theaveragebodyweightfellby2.6percent.Legbonelengthdroppedby2.4percent.Theoneareaofgrowthwasthewingspan,whichincreasedby1.3percent.Theresearcherssaidthewinggrowthlikelyhappenedtoallowthebirdstocontinuemakinglongmigrationswithsmallerbodies.ThestudyconsideredaprincipleknownasBergmann’srule,inwhichindividualswithinaspeciesgrowsmallerinwarmerareasandgrowlargerincolderones.BrianWeeks,abiologistattheUniversityofMichigan’sSchoolforEnvironmentandSustainability,helpedleadtheresearch.Hesaidthathebelievestheresultsshowaclearconnectionbetweenawarmingclimateandthegrowthofthebirds.“Inotherwords,climatechangeseemstobechangingboththesizeandshapeofthesespecies，”hesaid.Thestudyfoundadirectconnectionbetweentheaveragesummertemperatureandthebodysizeofthebirds.DaveWillardworkswithChicago’sFieldMuseum,whichwasinchargeofmeasuringallthebirds.Hesaid“nearlyeveryoneagreesthattheclimateiswarming,butexamplesofjusthowthatisaffectingthenaturalworldareonlynowcomingtolight.”“Wehadgoodreasontoexpectthatincreasingtemperatureswouldleadtoreductionsinbodysize,basedonearlierstudies，”Weekssaid.“Iwasincrediblysurprisedthatallofthesespeciesarerespondinginsuchsimilarways.”TheresearchersplantocontinuestudyingtheFieldMuseumdatainanefforttofindadditionalevidencetosupporttheirfindings.Theywillalsofurtherexaminetheideathatanindividual语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了气候变暖会影响鸟类的生长。1．Whichofthefollowingdidn’tgodowntoalowerlevel?A．Thebodysize. B．Thebodyweight.C．Thelegbonelength. D．Thewingspan.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theaveragebodyweightfellby2.6percent.Legbonelengthdroppedby2.4percent.Theoneareaofgrowthwasthewingspan,whichincreasedby1.3percent.”可知，翼展没有下降。故选D。2．Whichofthefollowingtookresponsibilityformeasuringthebirds?A．EcologyLetters. B．BrianWeeks.C．TheFieldMuseum. 解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段中的“DaveWillardworkswithChicago’sFieldMuseum,whichwasinchargeofmeasuringallthebirds.”可知，DaveWillard就职于芝加哥菲尔德博物馆，该博物馆负责测量所有鸟类。故选C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“comingtolight”inParagraph5mean?A．Known. B．Similar.C．Intelligent. D．Distant.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“Wehadgoodreasontoexpectthatincreasingtemperatureswouldleadtoreductionsinbodysize,basedonearlierstudies”可知，画线词语所在句指的是几乎每个人都同意气候正在变暖，但关于气候变暖如何影响自然界的例子直到现在才为人所知。画线部分的意思是“知道”，故选A。4．Themainideaofthepassageisthat .A．fifty­twospeciesofbirdsbecamesmallerB．thewarmingclimatecouldaffectbirdgrowthC．thewarmingclimatemakesthebirdsgrowlargerD．theresearchershaveprovedtheirfindings解析：选B主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Researcherssaythefindingsuggestsawarmingclimate(气候)couldbeaffectingbirdgrowthinNorthAmerica—andacrosstheworld.”可知，研究人员表示，这一发现表明气候变暖可能会影响北美乃至全球的鸟类生长。本文的主要观点是气候变暖会影响鸟类的生长，故选B。BInthepast50years,theamountofwaterintheopenoceanwithzerooxygenhasgoneupmorethanfourfold.Incoastalwaterbodies，includingrivermouthsandseas,low­oxygensiteshaveincreasedmorethantenfoldsince1950.ScientistsexpectoxygentocontinuedroppingevenoutsidethesezonesasEarthwarms.“Oxygenisfundamentaltolifeintheoceans，”saidDeniseBreitburg,amarineecologistwiththeSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCentre.“ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth’senvironment.Actually,it’sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.Thereverberations(严重影响)ofunhealthyecosystemsintheoceancanbeextensive.”Inareastraditionallycalled“deadzones”，likethoseinChesapeakeBayandtheGulfofMexico,oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey’reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.Buttheproblemgoesfarbeyond“deadzones”.Evensmalleroxygendeclinecanpreventgrowthinanimals,hinderreproductionandleadtodiseaseorevendeath.Itcanalsocausethereleaseofdangerouschemicalssuchasnitrousoxide,agreenhousegasupto300timesmorepowerfulthancarbondioxide.Whilesomeanimalscanboomin“deadzones”，overallbiodiversityfalls.Climatechangeisthekeycriminalintheopenocean.Warmingsurfacewatersmakeitharderforoxygentoreachtheinsideoftheocean.Furthermore,astheoceanasawholegetswarmer,itholdslessoxygen.Incoastalwaters,toomuchnutrientpollutionfromlandcreatesalgalblooms,whichuseupoxygenastheydieandbreakdown.People’slivelihoodsarealsoontheline,thescientistsreported,especiallyindevelopingnations.Smallerfisheries(渔场)maybeunabletorelocatewhenlowoxygendestroystheirharvestsorforcesfishtomoveelsewhere.Sowehumanshavetocarryonawarnowandwinthewar.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人类活动导致全球变暖，气候变化使海洋中的氧气含量下降影响海洋生物的生存，这些相应地会影响人类的生存，人类必须采取措施应对此问题。5．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theoceanhasbeenlosingitsoxygen.B．Theamountofseawaterisincreasing.C．Thecoastalwaterbodiesaredangerous.D．Earthbecomeswarmerandwarmer.解析：选A段落大意题。通读第一段可知海洋面临的现状，在过去的50年里，海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多，低氧场所自1950年以来增加了十倍多。通过这些现状科学家预计，随着地球变暖，即使在这些区域之外，氧气含量也会继续下降，故选A。6．WhatcanweinferfromDeniseBreitburg’swords?A．Differentoceanshavedifferentlevelsofoxygen.B．Thedeclineinoceanoxygenhasgreatinfluences.C．Thefutureoftourismreliesonthelevelsofoceanoxygen.D．Thedecreaseinoceanoxygenisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblem.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段DeniseBreitburg所说的话可知，海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一，这种不良的海洋生态系统的严重影响还会扩大，由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响，故选B。7．Howdoesthe“deadzone”affectseaanimals?A．Itoffersmorefood.B．Itformsdangerousgas.C．Itreducestheirlivingareas.D．Itproducesmorecarbondioxide.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Inareastraditionallycalled’deadzones’...oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey’reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.”可知，在“死亡地带”，氧气大幅下跌，许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时，它们的栖息地变小，更容易被攻击或捕获。故选C。8．Howcanwewinthewaraccordingtothetext?A．Byclosingsmallerfisheries.B．Bycontrollinghumans’badactivities.C．Byimprovingpeople’slivingstandards.D．Bystoppingnutrientsenteringtheocean.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth’senvironment.Actually,it’sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.”可知，是人类活动导致了海洋氧气减少，所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动，故选B。Ⅱ.语法填空There1(be)nolightsinsightbutthenightskyglowed(发出)aduskyyellow,becausetheAmazonwasburning.Theyellowflamesengulfed(吞噬)trees2 litupthesky.Duringtheday,thesunshinewasblocked3 thicksmoke.Sofar,thefire4 (put)out.Thegovernmenthasrecorded72,843fires.Thefireis