2021-2022教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力能力检测试卷A卷附答案

2021-2022教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力能力检测试卷A卷附答案单选题（共80题）1、Whenateacherasksstudentstodiscusshowatextisorganized,he/sheismostlikelytohelpthem（）.A.evaluatethecontentofthetextB.analyzethestructureofthepassageC.understandtheintentionofthewriterD.distinguishthefactsfromtheopinions【答案】B2、Inalisteningclass,ateacherasksstudentstolistentothematerialcarefullyandtryto?discriminatethespeaker′sattitudetowardslifelonglearning．Whatsub-skilloflisteningisthe?teachertraining?A.ListeningforgistB.WordGuessingC.InferringD.Recognizingcommunicativesignals【答案】C3、Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisisthattherearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationswithdifferentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.Allthesefactorstendtoprotnotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecision.A.greaterwillingnesstoacceptsocialchangeB.quickeradaptationtochangingcircumstancesC.morerespectfordifferentbeliefsandbehaviorD.greaterreadinesstoagreetodifferentopinionsandideas【答案】C4、Ifwe__________ourtesttomorrow,Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert.A.weren'ttohaveB.hadn'tbeentohaveC.aren'ttohaveD.hadn'thad【答案】A5、Whichofthefollowinginstructionsishelpfulindevelopingstudents′abilitytomakeinferencesA.ListentoastoryandwriteasummaryB.Listentoastoryandworkoutthewriter'sintentionC.ListentothestoryofaboyandthendrawapictureofhimD.Listentoastoryandnotedownthespecificdateofanevent【答案】B6、__________doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.A.PragrnaticsB.SemanticsC.Cross-culturalcommunicationD.Syntax【答案】A7、Importforthefirstthreemonthsthisyearislargerthanthatforthe__________periodlastyear.A.relatingB.concerningC.correspondingD.regarding【答案】C8、Passage2A.NeuralprocessesarelikelytobeculturallyneutralB.ThebrainisbelievedtobeinfluencedbydifferentculturesC.WesternersfocusonindividualismwhileEastAsiansoncollectivismD.Neurosciencerevealsnothingmorethanweknowfromanthropology【答案】B9、Itisforbidden______fasterthan60mphonthishighway.A.todrivingB.todriveC.beingdrivenD.tobedriven【答案】B10、Athiefwhobrokeintoachurchwascaughtbecausetracesofwax,foundonhisclothes,__________fromthesortofcandlesusedonlyinchurches.A.hadcomeB.comingC.comeD.thatcome【答案】A11、Themaindifferencebetween/f/and/v/liesin_______A.themannerofarticulationB.theplaceofarticulationC.voicingD.soundduration【答案】C12、Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjust。onehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementiainoldage.Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild'sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.A.Itimpedesachild'sacademicgrowthB.Itimprovesachild'scognitiveflexibilityC.Itdivertsachild'sattentionfromonethingtoanotherD.Itenablesachildtousetwolanguagesinterchangeable【答案】B13、WhichofthefollowingitemsisnotoneofthegrammaticalcategoriesofEnglishpronouns?A.genderB.numberC.caseD.voice【答案】D14、Whenusingtheimperative"Turnitoff"togiveanorder,thespeakerhighlightsthe_________oftheutterance.A.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryactC.perlocutionaryactD.indirectspeechact【答案】B15、Passage2A.canbeassociativeB.arenotunconsciousC.canbedangerousD.arenotimpulsive【答案】A16、请阅读Passage1。完成第小题。A.SubjectiveB.NeutralC.PessimisticD.Active【答案】B17、WhichofthefollowingconsonantclustersmaynotserveasthebeginningofawordA./spr/B./skw/C./str/D./swt/【答案】D18、CanyouimaginethedifficultyIhad___________languageobstaclesIfitstudiedabroad?.A.toovercomeB.overcomingC.overcomeD.overcame【答案】B19、Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Diachronicity【答案】D20、Whenstudentslearn"apple,orange",theteachergivesstudentsanotherword"fruit".Whichprincipledoe,stheteacherfollowinhis/hervocabularyteaching?A.Word-choiceprincipleB.PresentationprincipleC.CultureprincipleD.Systematicprinciple【答案】D21、Passage1A.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepastB.allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementinthepastC.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan'tfreeoldworkersfromagediscriminationD.therecentproposedcongressionallegislationisineffective【答案】A22、Everystudentaswellasteacherswho__________tovisitthemuseum__________askedtobeattheschoolgateontime．A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is【答案】D23、Whatroledoeshe/sheplaywhenateacherexplainsthepurposeofatask,thestepstodoitanditstimelimit?A.AnorganizerB.AnobserverC.AnevaluatorD.Aprompter【答案】A24、Whenastudentsaidinclass,"Icomehomeat6o'clockyesterday",theteachersays"Camenotcomed".Theteacher'sresponsedoesnotobeywhichruleofeffectivefeedback?A.relevanceB.accuracyC.guidanceD.timeliness【答案】C25、Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnow-blindness．Yet,darkglassesornot,theyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnow-blindness,whenexposedtoseveralhoursof"snowlight"．A.givethemenbehindsomethingtoseeB.beautifythelandscapeC.warmthemselvesinthecoldD.preventthemenbehindfromlosingtheirway【答案】A26、AstudentfindsitdifficulttolearntheEnglishsounds[θ]and[e].Ifyouaretheteacher,whichofthefollowingstrategiescanbeusedA.ExplaininghowtomakethesoundsB.UsingtonguetwistersC.WritethemontheblackboardD.Makingupsentences【答案】A27、请阅读短文，完成此题。A.GoodluckwillcomethreedayslaterB.TimecanappeaseofwoundC.LookingatissuesfromanotheranglewillmakeyouhappyD.Peopleshouldbehopefultothefuture【答案】C28、WhichofthefollowingtechniquesisNOTusedintheGrammar-TranslationMethod?A.ReadingB.TranslationC.WrittenworkD.Oralpresentation【答案】D29、Thenewlymarriedcouplewantsarestaurantthatservesgoodfoodandhasabitof__________aswell.A.situationB.conditionsC.environmentD.atmosphere【答案】D30、WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTshowtheproperrhythmicpatternofthesentenceA.'What'sthe'matterB.The'sweateris'beautifulC.He'started'countingitD.'Heusually'getsupat'sixo'clock【答案】D31、Teaching,atestof__________,intelligence,andteamworkskills,requiresalotofenergy.A.patienceB.positionC.privacyD.direction【答案】A32、请阅读短文。A.losthishearingwhenhewasachildB.didn'tlikehisbrothersandsistersC.wasborntoanaturalist'sfamilyD.wasinterestedinflowersandinsectsinhischildhood【答案】D33、Teachers’believinginthe_____modelinageneralsenseusuallyfollowthesequenceofteachingnewwords,sentencesandthenthewholepassageinthereadingclass.A.interactiveB.bottom-upC.top-downD.interactional【答案】B34、Whichofthefollowingfeaturesisnotexhibitedbythedeductivemethod?A.ItsavestimeB.ItpaysmoreattentiontoformC.ItteachesgrammarinadecontextualizedD.Itencouragesstudentstoworkoutthegrammaticalwayrules【答案】D35、Passage1A.ItimprovespersonalabilitiesB.ItbuildsupasenseofdutyC.ItpushessocietyforwardD.Itencouragesindividualefforts【答案】C36、Passage1A.WrongInterpretationsofanEducationalPolicyB.AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudentsC.ThornyQuestionsaboutHomeworkD.AFaultyApproachtoHomework【答案】D37、Whichofthefollowinggoesagainstefficientclassroommanagement?A.TheteacherplaysthemainroleB.TheteacherprovidesclearinstructionsC.ThereisdisciplineaswellasharmonyintheclassD.Thestudents'errorsaretreatedproperly【答案】A38、TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.TheirA.heisinfavourofitB.hisviewisbalancedC.heisslightlycriticalofitD.heisstronglycriticalofit【答案】B39、Backintheolddays,whenIwasachild,wesataroundthefamilyroundtableatdinnertimeandexchangedourdailyexperiences.Itwasn'tveryorganized,buteveryonewasrecognizedandallthenewsthathadtobetoldwastoldbyeachfamilymember.A.ParentalnoninterventionwillnotbepraisedB.NoninterventionmaybeagoodpolicyininternationalaffairsC.ParentsmustexercisesomecontrolandshowsomeconcernabouttheculturalinfluenceonthechildrenD.Parentsneedtointervene【答案】C40、CanyouimaginethedifficultyIhad__________languageobstaclesIfirststudiedabroad?A.toovercomeB.overcomingC.overcomeD.overcame【答案】B41、Don'tbediscouraged,__________andyouwillsurelypasstheexam.A.MakeabitmoreeffortB.TomakeabitmoreeffortC.MakingabitmoreeffortD.Ifyoumakeamoreeffort【答案】A42、Whichteachingmethodcombinesform-focusedteachingwithcommunication-focusedteaching?A.PPPB.TBLTC.CLTD.TPR【答案】B43、Englishcourseobjectivesatthestageofbasiceducationincludefiveaspects,whichare,students′languageskills,languageknowledge,emotionalattitude,culturalawarenessand__________.A.learninglevelB.practicalactivitiesC.learningstrategiesD.habitsofthinking【答案】C44、Whatrhetoricdeviceisusedinthesentence"Thisisasuccessfulfailure"A.SimileB.MetonymyC.MetaphorD.Oxymoron【答案】D45、Iftheapplianceisdefective,writedirectlytothemanufacturer__________complaintoyourlocalconsumerprotectionassociation.A.thenB.orC.butD.though【答案】B46、Inafewyearsanintelligentcomputerwillcertainlybeandiagnostictoolfordoctors.__________A.indirectB.inseparableC.indisputableD.indispensable【答案】D47、请阅读Passage1。完成小题。A.fairytalesthatentertainchildrenathomeB.storiesinchildren'sschooltextbooksthatreinforcethelessonC.sciencedocumentariesthatexplainhownatureworksD.moviesthatdepictanimalsashavinghumancharacteristics【答案】B48、Themorpheme"-ceive"intheword"conceive"isa__________.A.stemB.rootC.allomorphD.suffix【答案】B49、ItisintheFutureMallwhereyouboughtacoat___________hersisterworks.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that【答案】D50、Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat______decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.A.hastyB.instantC.promptD.rapiD【答案】A51、Conventionallya__________isputinslashes（//）.A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme【答案】C52、Whichofthefollowingisnotagoaloflistening？A.UnderstandingtheintentionofthespeakersaccordingtointonationandstressB.UnderstandingconversationsonfamiliartopicsandextractinformationandideaC.UnderstandingmainideasandnewwordswiththehelpofthecontextD.Understandingandrecitingthestoriesatnormalspeedandgraspingtheircausesandeffects【答案】D53、Whichofthefollowingshowsthegeneralintonationpatterninacomplexsentence?A.WhenIstartedmy↗careertherewasno↗unemploymentB.WhenIstartedmy↗careertherewasno↘unemploymentC.WhenIstartedmy↘careertherewasno↗unemploymentD.WhenIstartedmy↘careertherewasno↘unemployment【答案】B54、Thenewlymarriedcouplewantsarestaurantthatservesgoodfoodandhasabitof__________aswell.A.situationB.conditionsC.environmentD.atmosphere【答案】D55、请阅读Passage2。完成第小题。A.itshowseligiblemalesdatingwomenB.itusesexoticlocationsC.itshowsaveragepeopleinexceptionalcircumstancesD.itcanturnordinarypeopleintocelebrities【答案】C56、Therearetwokindsofmotiveforengaginginanyactivity:internalandinstrumental.Ifascientistconductsresearchbecauseshewantstodiscoverimportantfactsabouttheworld,that'saninternalmotive,sincediscoveringfactsisinherentlyrelatedtotheactivityofresearch.Ifsheconductsresearchbecauseshewantstoachievescholarlyrenown,that'saninstrumentalmotive,sincetherelationbetweenfameandresearchisnotsoinherent.Often,peoplehavebothfordoingthings.Whatmixofmotives--internalorinstrumentalorboth--ismostconducivetosuccess?Youmightsupposethatascientistmotivatedbyadesiretodiscoverfactsandbyadesiretoachieverenownwilldobetterworkthanascientistmotivatedbyjustoneofthosedesires.Surelytwomotivesarebetterthanone.ButasweandourcolleaguesargueinapapernewlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,instrumentalmotivesarenotalwaysanassetandcanactuallybecounterproductivetosuccess.Weanalyzeddatadrawnfrom11320cadetsinnineenteringclassesattheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPoint,allofwhomratedhowmucheachofasetofmotivesinfluencedtheirdecisiontoattendtheacademy.ThemotivesincludedthingslikeadesiretogetagoodjoblaterinlifeandadesiretobetrainedasaleaderintheUnitedStatesArmyA.In-servicesoldiersB.MilitaryresearchersC.MilitaryofficersD.Militarytrainees【答案】D57、Thephrase"I′dliketo"involves__________phenomenon.A.progressiveassimilationB.liaisonC.regressiveassimilationD.plosive【答案】D58、"Underliningallthepastformverbsinthedialogue"isatypicalexercisefocusingon_________.A.useB.formC.meaningD.function【答案】B59、--Sheunwillinglytookthejob,didn'tshe?A.Itdoesn'thurttoaskB.ItcountsfornothingC.Itdoesn'tmakesenseD.It'sadeal【答案】A60、A__________isanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichaninflectionalaffix?canbeadded.A.rootB.stemC.freemorphemeD.suffix【答案】B61、Teachingcasesmainlyincludeteachingreflection,teachingrecord,and__________．A.instructionaldesignB.teachingactivitiesC.teachingprogressD.teachingcases【答案】A62、Passage1A.ThefrontalcortexB.ThemiddleofthebrainC.TheprefrontalcortexD.Thebackpartofthebrain【答案】B63、Backintheolddays,whenIwasachild,wesataroundthefamilyroundtableatdinnertimeandexchangedourdailyexperiences.Itwasn'tveryorganized,buteveryonewasrecognizedandallthenewsthathadtobetoldwastoldbyeachfamilymember.A.boringB.verytiredC.busyD.angry【答案】B64、请阅读Passage1。完成第小题。A.jointinterestB.differentpointsofviewC.lessemotionalpeopleD.advancedtechnology【答案】B65、Theyheardthe_______ofswordsandrealizedthatthefightingbegan.A.clashB.crashC.crushD.collision【答案】A66、Theteacher__________hislessonwithpictures.A.illustratedB.explainedC.illustrationD.illuminated【答案】A67、WhichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofformalwritingA.ArchaicwordsareusuallypreferredB.TheprecisionoflanguageisapriorityC.ShortandincompletesentencesarepreferredD.Anintimaterelationshipwiththeaudienceisestablished【答案】B68、Whendoeslanguageacquisitionbeginaccordingtotheresearch?A.ItbeginswiththebirthofababyB.ItbeginsbeforethebirthofababyC.Itbeginswhenababystartsimitatingadults’speechD.Itbeginswithababy'scrymelodiestypicalofitsmothertongue【答案】B69、Passage2A.aggravateinourunconsciousmindB.developintohappydreamsC.persisttillthetimewefallasleepD.showupindreamsearlyatnight【答案】D70、Passage1A.TointerpretwhyourmemorylossoccursB.ToelaboratehowweretrievespecificmemoriesC.ToexplainwhyourmemorycapacityseemstobelimitlessD.Topresentthebalancebetweenrememberingandforgetting【答案】C71、Passage1A.adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactorsB.effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcureC.illustratethefunctionsofstatefundingD.producealong-lastingsocialeffect【答案】A72、Activitiessuchasproblemsolving,decisionmakingandopinionexchangingaretypicalpracticesinA.Audi-lingualmethodB.Grammar-translationmethodC.SituationlanguageteachingD.Task-basedlanguageteaching【答案】D73、CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.NeitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsA.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrelsB.preventedthePathansfromcarryingonfeudsC.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathansD.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife【答案】B74、Ionlyknowthemanby__________butIhaveneverspokentohim.A.chanceB.heartC.sightD.experience【答案】C75、ZhangJun'steachersuggeststhathetakea(n)__________languagecoursetoimprovehisEnglish.A.intermediateB.middleC.mediumD.average【答案】A76、Passage2A.SupportiveB.CriticalC.NeutralD.Desired【答案】B77、Themaindifferencebetween/m/and/n/liesin_________.A.mannerofarticulationB.placeofarticulationC.voicingD.length【答案】B78、TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlA.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianidealB.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealC.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietyD.theyregardasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife【答案】B79、请阅读Passage2，完成第小题。A.SubjectiveB.ExaggeratedC.SarcasticD.Objective【答案】D80、Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A.kilB.bkilC.ilkBD.ilbk【答案】A大题（共18题）一、根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。任务型教学法是新课标所倡导的教学方法之一。请解释“任务”的基本内涵，并简述英语教学中任务的设计应遵循的原则。【答案】英语教学中的任务指有利于学生用英语做事情的各种语言实践活动。任务的设计一般应遵循下列原则：(1)任务应有明确的目的;(2)任务应具有真实意义，即接近现实生活中的各种活动;(3)任务应涉及信息的接收、处理和传递等过程;(4)学生应在完成任务的过程中使用英语：(5)学生应通过做事情完成任务：(6)完成任务后一般应有一个具体的成果。二、下面是两位教师针对高一年级学生的作业布置。教学内容为“Earthquakes”。Teacher1:Step4:Homework1.Copythephrasesandsentencepatternsonyournotebook.2.Finishexerciseintheworkbookofthisunit.3.Talkaboutwhatyouknowabouttheearthquakewithyourfriends.Teacher2:Step4:Homework1.Copythephrasesandsentencepatternsonyournotebook.2.Finishexerciseintheworkbookofthisunit.3.Workingroups.Searchmoreinformationabouttheearthquake.Andmakearepresentationnextclass.Presentationincludes:(1)Everyteammember′stask(2)Timeyouworkonthistask【答案】(1)作业的意义：①可以及时检查听课的效果和掌握知识的程度，及时发现所学知识的缺漏并加以弥补。②可以加深对知识的理解和记忆。③可以提高思维能力，培养学生独立学习的能力和习惯。④可以给教师提供教学的信息反馈，是教师检测、调控教学过程的依据。(2)第一位老师的作业布置不是很合理。首先，第一位老师的作业布置过于传统。包括书面抄写作业，完成书上练习和讨论，缺乏趣味性。其次，第一位老师的作业布置缺少层次性：对于程度较好的学生作业并没有难度，只是为了做而做，并未通过作业有所提高。第三，第一位老师的作业布置并未体现探究性，作业并未激发学生思维。第四，作业并未体现合作性，只是自己单独完成。第五，第一位老师的作业布置的第三项只是让学生简单地讨论，并未做出其他具体要求，所以此项作业的布置并未有作业成果，学生通过完成作业并不能获得成就感或一定收获。第二位老师的作业布置相对来说较合理。首先，第二位老师做到了作业形式的多样性，不拘泥于传统的抄写和完成练习的任务，而是书面作业和实践性作业相结合。同时老师也设计了以小组合作的方式收集相关信息并做报告，“地震”这个话题符合学生的生活实际，能够吸引导学生的兴趣和提高学生的参与度，同时，要求学生查找资料。不但可以帮助学生复习和巩固课上所学的知识，还可以培养学生的学习策略——资源策略。并且，小组合作可提升学生的合作能力。所以，这位老师的作业布置体现了一定的趣味性、实践性、探究性和合作性及开放性。(3)注意事项：①量的适中性。作业太少，达不到目的；作业太多，会使学生望而生畏，甚至会损害学习英语的积极性。教师应指导学生在有限的时间内，主要进行学习方法的探索和知识的系统归类。因此，教师应把握好作业的量。②难度的层次性。作业过难。基础差的学生干脆不写，或者抄袭别人的作业；作业过于简单，基础好的同学会感觉毫无挑战。因此，教师设计作业要充分考虑到学生的个体差异，把握好作业的难度。③内容的针对性。作业要强化教学目标、突出重难点、指导学习方法等，要有明确的目的。因此，采用何种类型和形式的作业，就需要根据每次作业的重点和学生具体情况来确定。三、设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的写作教学方案，帮助学生顺利完成该写作任务。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：teachingobjectivesteachingcontentskeyanddifficultpointsmajorstepsandtimeallocationactivitiesandjustification教学时间：20分钟学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中年级第一学期学生，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。语言素材：WRITING?1.Thinkofsomeonefamousthatyouadmirealot,forexample,anartist,amusicianorwriter.?2.Writetwoorthreeparagraphsabouthisorherlife.Belowaresomesuggestionstohelpyou.【答案】Teachingtype:WritingclassTeachingcontents:Thisisawritingclassfromseniorhighschool,whichisabouthowtodescribeaperson.Studentsarerequiredtosharethedetailedinformationaboutthepeopletheyadmire,suchasthelivingplace,thelifestory,andtoexpressthereasonswhytheylikethesecelebritiessomuch.TeachingObjectives:(1)Knowledgeobjectives①StudentsareabletoknowthedetailedinformationaboutthepeopletheyadmireandcandescribeitcorrectlyandproperlyinEnglish.(2)Abilityobjectives:①Studentsareabletoarrangethewritingmaterialstheyhaveandorganizethemlogically.②Throughsharingthestoriesoftheirfavoritepeople,students’speakingabilitywillbesignificantlyimproved.(3)Emotionalobjectives:①Studentscanlearnthecorrectandpositivevaluesfromthepeopletheylike.②Studentsareabletoenhancetheabilitiesofcriticalthinkingandrationalthinkingthroughassessingsomeonereasonably.Teachingkeyanddifficultpoints:TeachingKeypoint:Howtocollectthewritingmaterialsandorganizethemproperly.四、根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案，用英文作答。设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一节课的教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：?teachingobjectives?teachingcontents?keyanddifficultpoints?majorstepsandtimeallocation?activitiesandjustifications教学时间：45分钟学生概况：某城镇普通中学九年级(初中三年级)学生，班级人数40人，多数已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准(2011版)》四级水平，学生课堂参与积极性一般。【答案】TeachingContent:Talkaboutthepersonalityandwriteapersonalitysurvey.TeachingObjectives:Knowledgeobjective(1)KeyVocabularypretty,social,bother,slight,intheslightest,fairly,plenty,plentyof,getalongwith,listener(2)Reading(3)WritingAbilityobjectiveStudentsshouldimprovetheirabilityofreadingcomprehensionandwriting.EmotionalobjectiveStudentscanlearnthatbeingagoodlistenerisanart.TeachingKeyPoints:MasterthekeyvocabularyandthepointofwritingandreadingTeachingDifficultPoint:Howtowriteapersonalitysurvey五、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。简述教师在组织小组活动(groupwork)时需注意的两个注意事项。列举教师在开展小组活动时的两个主要角色，并概括有效开展小组活动时教师应具备的两个主要能力。【答案】(1)教师在组织小组活动时需注意的两个注意事项：①精心选择话题，明确活动目的。教师在小组活动中要结合教学内容，选择恰当的话题，以引发学生的学习兴趣，激起学生主动参与语言活动的欲望。同时，要在活动开始之前，使学生明白小组活动的任务，从而学生能按照教师的布置认真完成小组活动并有实质性收获。②合理组建小组，明确职责分工。教师要从学生的实际情况出发，注意学生之间的差异性，进行合理分组。可以根据性别、性格特点、学习成绩、遵守纪律情况的等方面的差异建立相对稳定的学习小组，以保证组内各成员的差异性和互补性；可以根据小组水平基本一致来分，以保证小组之间竞争的公平性。在分组后，要根据每个人的实际情况，明确分工，确保每个组员都有属于自己的任务，使每个人都能有效地发挥作用。(2)教师在开展小组活动时的两个主要角色：①组织者教师宣布采取小组活动的形式，明确活动任务，组织分组，确定每组组长并使小组长明确自己的职责，然后说明活动如何开展；活动进行中，教师要确保学生正确地执行任务，并给予指导或督促，这都体现了教师的组织者的角色。②参与者新课程强调教学是教与学的交往、互动，是师生双方相互交流、相互沟通、相互补充的过程。在小组活动中，教师应把自已当成学生中的一员，参与到活动中，既可以活跃课堂气氛，增进师生感情，又可以帮助学生解决难题．协助学生共同完成任务。(另外，教师在小组活动中的主要角色还有控制者、评估者等，考生列举出两种并做简洁的说明即可)(3)教师应具备的两个主要能力是组织能力和观察能力。在小组活动中，教师需要在整个过程中，发挥良好的组织协调能力。同时在整个活动的过程中，教师也需要发挥观察能力。如发现学生在活动中遇到困难，要主动帮助学生排忧解难，使活动能够顺畅进行。六、根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。阅读所给材料，回答下列三个问题：(1)这两份材料分别属于哪种语篇类型?(6分)(2)这两份材料分别适合于哪种课堂教学?说明理由(至少写出两个要点)。(12分)(3)分析教师选用文本材料时需要考虑的基本要素(至少写出三个要点)。(12分)材料1Tom:HelloAlice.I'minterestedinyourworksavingbirds!Whatdoyouthinkisthemostdifficultpartofyourwork?Alice:Well...Isupposeit'ssavingwildbirdscoveredinoil.That'sthemostdifficultofall.Tom:Howdoesthathappen?Alice:Theoilcomesfromboats.Itfloatsonthewaterandcoversthebird'sfeatherswhentheyswimthroughit.Tom:Thatsoundsterrible.Whatdoyoudoaboutit?Alice:Thefirstthingwedoistomakesurethebirdhasn'ttriedtocleanitselfwithitsbeak.Asitdoesso,thebirdeatssomeoilandbecomessick.【答案】(1)语篇指的是实际使用的语言单位，是一次交际过程中的一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体。根据韩礼德的观点，语篇是一个语义单位或意义潜势的现实化．任何一个口头或书面语言片段，不论其长短，只要能构成一个语义整体，即表达完整的意思．就可以称之为语篇。语篇之所以重要．是由于它是交际过程中传递(口头或书面的)信息的语言形式：根据语篇的概念，第一篇属于会话语篇，第二篇属于段落语篇。(2)第一篇适合口语教学．第二篇适合阅读教学。理由：①第一篇语言比较简单，没有生僻词汇，句式偏向口语化，适合用于口语练习；第二篇语言偏向书面化，词汇相对较复杂，并且多了长难句，适合进行句子的分析，因此适合阅读教学。②第一篇偏向生活化，有生活气息．适合平时与人交际使用．英语口语的最终目的就是让学生达到沟通交流．因此会话语篇可以提供这样一个交流的环境。第二篇偏向说明性语言，是补充介绍知识的．因此可以作为阅读材料来使学生在知识层面有所丰富和提高．同时也加强了语言理解方面的训练。(3)需要考虑的基本要素：①教学内容要素教学内容是要完成的教学任务，是实现教学目标的主要载体。因此教师在选择材料时．需将教科书作为主要依据。教材分析基本关注教学的重点、难点及考点方面。比较注重显性教材的运用而忽视隐性教材的挖掘和利用，较少关注与学习教材内容有密切关系的认知和心理因素．以及教材对学生能力的要求，而对教学的重点和难点也只是阐述其内容，没有做进一步的分析。在新课改背景下，教学内容分析既要有对显性教材的运用，也要有对隐性教材的挖掘和利用。⑦教学对象要素学生是分析教学任务必须要考虑的因素．分析学生是为了帮助学生解决学习中的困难．完成教学任务。教师应该做到以下两点：一是要了解教学活动开始前学生在认知、情感、态度等方面已经达到了什么样的水平，这一水平标志着学生已经能做什么，说什么，想明白了什么等(即学生的学情)。这是学生掌握新的学习任务的起点水平。二是要了解教授了教学材料后预期学生在认知、情感、态度等方面必须达到的状态。对这种状态的把握最终会转化为确定的教学任务与具体的学习目标。只有当教师的心中对教学前和教学后这两种状态的差距做到心中有数时。才能根据学生的实际情况，确定恰当的教学内容。③教学目标要素教学目标是教育者在教学过程中，希望受教育者达到的要求或产生的变化结果，也是教师完成教学任务的归宿。新课程标准从关注学生的学习出发，强调学生是学习的主体，教学目标是教学活动中师生共同追求的，而不是由教师所操纵的。因此，教学目标的主体显然应该是学生。教师在选择教学材料的同时也要以学生为出发点．思考需要完成怎样的教学目标或达到怎样的教学效果。七、根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。简述写作教学中“范文”的作用，并说明范文在教学中的使用步骤及每个步骤的教学目标。【答案】(1)范文对于英语写作主要有以下三方面的作用：①范文能够说明所用体裁的特点：②范文是说明英语语篇衔接手段如何使用的最好语境；③范文能够开阔学生的思路。(2)范文在教学中的使用步骤及每个步骤的教学目标：①利用范文进行谋篇布局。师生要能够在范文的结构和语言方面进行讨论，并弄清楚两个问题：a．这类文章结构和语言如何为文章的交际目的服务；b．还有哪些别的可能的结构和语言上的变化。只有这样，学生才能最大限度地利用范文来指导写作而不受范文的限制，才有可能避免全班学生千篇一律的现象。(目标)②利用范文达到连贯的效果。该步骤的教学目标是使学习者在写作中避免出现连接语使用不够的现象，造成文章的逻辑跳跃性很大．理解起来比较困难。也有相当一部分学生主观上想尽量多用连接语，以加强句子之间的衔接，但结果是连接语过分堆积，不仅不能增强语义方面的衔接力，反而往往会增加冗余信息，甚至造成语义上的逻辑混乱。这种现象也是写作教学应尽量避免的内容。(目标)⑧利用范文开阔学生的写作思路。这一阶段的目标是培养学生积极思考的习惯，使学生能够开阔自己的思路，这是影响学生写作的关键因素。八、下面是针对高一年级学生的一堂教学设计的教学过程部分。Teachingprocedures:Step1AnalyzethetaskAskstudentstoanalyzetherequirementsoftheexercise.Step2Brainstormingandmapping（1）Fourstudentsinagroup.AskstudentstoreviewthecontentaboutdifficultiesandsolutionsinstudyinSectionAandSectionB.（2）Askstudentstodoasurveyaboutthefollowingquestionsandthengivesomeadvice.①Howoftendoyouexercise?②Howoftendoyoueatvegetables?③Howoftendoyoueatfruit?④Howmanyhoursdoyousleepeverynight?⑤Howoftendoyoudrinkmilk?⑥Howoftendoyoueatjunkfood?【答案】(1)该教师采用了过程写作法。该课堂教学的步骤包括了brainstorming，mapping，drafting，revising和proofreading等过程，这些都属于写作教学的过程设计。(2)评价：优点：从本节写作课可以看出，采用了小组合作的方式，一部分学习基础比较好的学生从审题到收集素材，再到写作文提纲和起草作文阶段都能起到一定的帮助和带动作用。能让基础比较差的同学不放弃英语写作，还能让他们知道该写什么、怎样写，什么样的作文是好作文。对于小组中的其他成员来说，这样的写作模式能让他们在共同的合作探究学习中对英语的基本句型和文章的结构布局，再到句子的润色加工等方面都有不同的收获。特别是在作文修改和佳作欣赏阶段。缺点：①课程缺少导入的过程。学生没有做好进入课堂的准备课程就开始了，不利于学生提高学习效率。②任务直接呈现出来，学生只能较为被动地接受，不能吸引学生的兴趣和提高学生对于课堂的参与度。③对于写作格式的教学和讲解过于直接，没有启发学生思考的过程，同样也是学生被动地接受。④最后学生写完之后，老师没有给予学生展示其作品的机会，缺乏相应的评价。(3)建议：①加入导入过程。例如，可以让学生讨论他们的作息时间或是让学生分组讨论自己常用的与朋友沟通的方式。②可以先让学生讨论写信有什么好处，通过这样一个过程，让学生明白本课堂的目的，也可以让学生有写作的目的，而不只是单纯地为了完成练习而进行被动地写作。③可以让学生讨论完写作的好处之后，展示一篇信件，让学生通读整篇信，并理解信件的主要内容和信件的格式及结构，最后老师再带领学生一起总结。这样可以让学生通过自主学习的方式了解信件的格式和基本结构，并且能够激发学生思考。④在学生写完之后，老师在征得学生允许的情况下，挑出1-2篇进行展示，并对信件的格式、结构等予以鼓励为原则的评价。九、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。下面是一位初中英语教师在语音教学中使用的练习。Teacher′sinstruction:Lookatthewordsontheblackboard.TickthewordyouhearineachsentenceIread.Teacher′sreads:1.Idon′tlikethesesports.2.Thesepotsareverydirty.3.Lookatthatwhitecordonthewater.4.Mr.Smithwasshort.Studentstickthewordstheyhear:AB1.spotssports2.potsports【答案】(1)该片段的教学目的是锻炼学生的辨音能力。通过在语境中进行辨音练习，提高学生辨别[D]和[:]的发音的能力；开展语音教学，推进学生听、说、读、写各项技能的发展。(2)该教师采用了以下两种教学方法：①使用最小对立体分析音差，进行辨音练习。在音位分析中，只涉及一个音素差别的对立体叫作最小对立体。该练习教师列出的四组词使用的都是最小对立体。②采用有意义的语言练习活动。教师不是孤立地读出一个单词让学生选择正确的答案，而是在通过句子让学生理解句意的基础之上选择正确的发音。(3)该教学片段体现了语音教学的原则有：①针对性原则。针对性原则指语音训练的重点应该放在有标记的语音特征之上。教师要针对学生的困难进行有针对性的指导。这个练习主要训练[:]和[D]这一对长短音的区别，体现了这一原则。②综合性原则。语音教学并不是孤立的发音教学，教师应该将音素、音标、单词、句子及语义、语用等各个层面结合起来，把语音教学融入有意义、有情景的语言练习和任务性的语言训练中去，将语音同口语、交际、互动等围绕意思展开的语言活动结合起来，应注意语义与语境、语调与语流相结合。该教学片段中，教师把语音和单词、句子结合起来，体现了这一原则。(4)能恰当体现语音教学原则的其他三种方法有：①找出一组词中读音不相同的词。教师连续读几个词，有一个词的发音与其他词不同，请学生挑出发音不同的一个。该练习适用于音素教学和练习，体现了语音教学的针对性原则，如by—buy—bye—bay(第四个不同)。②对比学习。把相近发音的一组元音或辅音放在一起，让学生先听，然后对比学习，体现了语音教学的准确性原则，例如／s／和／θ／，／i／和／i：／等。③绕口令。绕口令可以调节气氛，可以练习熟练程度，使学生在理解语句、语篇意义的基础上，在轻松愉快的气氛中，感受英语语音的节奏美．体现了语音教学的趣味性原则。一十、范文对于英语写作主要有以下三方面的作用：(1)范文能够说明所用体裁的特点。文章都有一定的体裁，如故事、演讲、会话等。不同的交际目的产生不同的篇章．形成不同的体裁．在篇章结构和语法形式上产生一定的特色。对于中国学生而言，虽然