2023高考英语完形填空、短文改错、阅读理解训练（5及答案）

第页2023高考英语完形填空、短文改错、阅读理解训练〔5〕及答案维B完形填空(每题1.5分，总分值30分)选材相似度：★★★★设题相似度：★★★难度系数：★★★★★Beingahighschoolcoach，IdidallIcouldtohelpmyboyswinthegames.I__1__ashardforvictoryastheydid.Adramatic__2__，however，followingagameinwhichIofficiatedasareferee，__3__myperspectiveonvictoriesanddefeats.Iwas__4__aleaguechampionshipbasketballgameinNewRochelle，NewYork，betweenNewRochelleandYonkersHigh.NewRochellewas__5__byDanO'Brien，YonkersbyLesBeck.Thegymwasfully__6__tocapacity，andthevolumeofnoisemadeit__7__tohear.Thegamewaswellplayedand__8__competed.YonkerswasleadingbyonepointasI__9__therewerebut30secondslefttoplay.Yonkers，in__10__oftheball，passedoff—shot—missed.NewRochellerecovered—pushedtheballupcourt—shot.Theball__11__tantalizinglyaroundtheedgeandoff.Thefansshrieked.NewRochelle，thehometeam，__12__theballagain，tappingitinforwhatlookedlike__13__.Thenoisewasdeafening.Fromtheclock，Irealizedthegamewas__14__.Ihadn'theardthefinalbuzzerbecauseofthenoise.Seekinghelpinthisdisorder，I__15__thetimekeeper，ayoungmanof17orso.Hesaid，Mr.Covino，thebuzzerrangastheballrolledofftherim__16__thefinaltap­inwasmade.Iwasintheunenviable__17__ofhavingtotellCoachO'Brienthesadnews.“Dan，〞Isaid，“Yonkers__18__thegame.〞Hisfacecloudedover.Theyoungtimekeepercameup，saying，“Sorry，Dad，__19__ranoutbeforethefinalbasketwastappedin.〞__20__likethesuncomingoutfrombehindacloud，CoachO'Brien'sfacelitup，“That'sokay，Joe，myson，youdidwhatyouhadtodo.I'mproudofyou.〞Note：officiatevt.行使【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。“我〞是一名教练，可在一次比赛中所发生的事情让“我〞印象深刻。1．A.playedB．thoughtC．rootedD．studied答案C[从前一句可知，作者是球队的教练，因此选C。rootfor表示“全力支持〞。]2．A.accidentB．eventC．occurrenceD．incident答案D[adramaticincident意为“戏剧性的小事〞。accident指“突发的事故〞；event指“大事〞；occurrence指“异常情况〞。]3．A.changedB．provedC．continuedD．supported答案A[从最后一段可知，CoachO'Brien对球赛的胜败态度的转变也影响了作者自己。]4．A.playingB．refereeingC．watchingD．explaining答案B[B项照应了前一句中的提示“referee〞。]5．A.coachedB．actedC．surroundedD．shocked答案A[从最后一段可知，DanO'Brien是NewRochelle的教练，应选A。]6．A.untreatedB．unsafeC．crowdedD．legal答案C[考查形容词的用法。根据上下文可以推断体育馆的人很多，选C。untreated意为“未处理的〞；unsafe意为“不平安的〞；legal意为“合法的〞。]7．A.surprisingB．impossibleC．excitingD．timely答案B[从前一空和“noise〞可推知B比拟合理。]8．A.continuouslyB．closelyC．easilyD．happily答案B[从后一句可知，双方几乎势均力敌，所以选B。]9．A.discoveredB．remainedC．accessedD．added答案A[当作者发现“Yonkerswasleadingbyonepoint〞的时候还剩30秒比赛结束。A项符合题意。]10．A.searchB．prideC．honourD．possession答案D[此题考查的是词组inpossessionof，意为“控制〞，是“passedoff—shot—missed〞这一系列动作的前提。]11．A.ranB．rolledC．walkedD．wandered答案B[球投到篮里的时候，是roll(滚动)比拟符合题意。]12．A.refusedB．removedC．recoveredD．examined答案C[根据“NewRochellerecovered—pushedtheballupcourt—shot.〞可知答案应该是C。]13．A.failureB．victoryC．mistakeD．bravery答案B[B项既照应了上文“tapin〞(托进或拨进篮筐)，也照应了下面的“astheballrolledofftherim__16__thefinaltap­inwasmade〞，应选B。]14．A.overB．lastC．dilemmaD．unfair答案A[从下面可知，球赛应该over(结束)，但没听到当时停止的信号。]15．A.enteredB．leftC．approachedD．seperated答案C[到计时员那儿去问，所以应该是approach(走近)。]16．A.ifB．beforeC．andD．after答案B[从下文可以推知，哨声是在最后一个进球之前吹响的，应选B。]17．A.situationB．positionC．conditionD．state答案B[由于作者是裁判，再加上胜败已成定局，此时处于不值得羡慕的位置，应选B。situation指“形势〞；condition指“条件〞；state指“状况〞。]18．A.wonB．lostC．defeatedD．loss答案A[根据上下文可知赢了比赛，应选A。]19．A.wayB．moneyC．strengthD．time答案D[句意是“在最后一个球投中之前时间就已经到了〞，所以应选D。]20．A.ActuallyB．LuckilyC．FinallyD．Suddenly答案D[因为CoachO'Brien的态度是在儿子的几句话后快速改变的，因此D比拟符合语境。]*******************************************************结束【重庆市】第一节短文改错〔共10小题；每题1分，共10分〕以下标有题号的每一行均有一个错误，请找出，并按以下情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号〔^〕，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：请在答题卡上作答。DearEditor,Recently,myclassmateshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutthat76._______weshouldhaveoptionalcoursesinhighschools.Somestudentswere77._______infavoroftheoptionalcourses.Theysayinterestisbestteacher78._______andoursparetimewillbecolorfulandmeaningful.Students79._______cannotonlyenlargetheirknowledgesbutalsoimprovetheirabilities.80._______However,othersareagainsttheidea,saidthatoptionalcourses81._______willtakeuptoomuchtimeaswellasenergy.Inadditionto,someoptional82._______coruseshavesomethingtodowiththeCollegeEntranceExamination.They83._______areafraidthey’llfallbehindtheirclassmatesiftheywilltaketheoptional84._______courses.I’dliketotakeoneortwooftheoptionalcoruses,which,Ithink,willcertainbenefitmealot.85._______Yorustruly,LiHua参考答案：DearEditor,Recently,myclassmateshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutthat76.whetherweshouldhaveoptionalcoursesinhighschools.Somestudentswere77.areinfavoroftheoptionalcourses.Theysayinterestis^bestteacher78.theandoursparetimewillbecolorfulandmeaningful.Students79.theircannotonlyenlargetheirknowledgesbutalsoimprovetheirabilities.80.knowledgeHowever,othersareagainsttheidea,saidthatoptionalcourses81.sayingwilltakeuptoomuchtimeaswellasenergy.Inadditionto,someoptional82.tocoruseshavesomethingtodowiththeCollegeEntranceExamination.They83.nothingareafraidthey’llfallbehindtheirclassmatesiftheywilltaketheoptional84.willcourses.I’dliketotakeoneortwooftheoptionalcoruses,which,Ithink,willcertainbenefitmealot.85.certainlyYorustruly,LiHua*****************************************************************结束社会生活类〔一〕[201*·宁夏六校联考]In1986，whenCarloPetrinifirstcoinedtheterm“SlowFood，〞heorganizedlocallyinhisnativeItalytopreservethefoodandwinecultureandprotestfastfood.Today,slowfoodhasspreadto132countrieswithover85,000members,addressingworldwideissueslikefarmerequityandenvironmental_stewardship—theactionspeopletaketorespecttherightsofalllivingthingsandallenvironments,tocontributetohealthyandlivablecommunities.CharacterizedbySlowFoodInternationalas“good,clean,andfairfood，〞slowfoodmustenrichtheeaters'life，havenonegativeimpactonhumanorenvironmentalhealth，andcompensatefairlyforfoodproducers'work.TheaverageAmericanmealtravelsabout1,500milestoitsfinaldestination,withproducingoffoodtravelingbyplanefromoverseasandotheritemsshippedacrossthecountry.However，costforfoodtravelandheavyprocessingarenottheonlyproblemsinthefoodindustrythattheenvironmentfaces.Industrialagriculturealsohasunsustainablepracticeslikeinefficientwateruseanddecreasedbiodiversity.Ourideasinfeedingourselvesareexceptional,butatvariouspointsourtechnologiescomeintoconflictwithnature'swaysofdoingthings.Agreatmanyofthehealthandenvironmentalproblemscreatedbyourfoodsystemowetoourattemptstooversimplifynaturescomplexities,atboththegrowingandtheeatingendsofourfoodchain.“Slowing〞food,bypurchasinglocallyandsustainably,allowsconsumerstoreducetheimpactof“foodmiles〞anddevelopacloserrelationshipwiththeirfoodproducers.“Weneedtochangeourfoodsystem，〞saidDavidPrior,organizerofSlowFoodNationEat­In.“Ourcurrentfoodsystemissickandweneedtosupportfarmersandagriculturetoensurethateveryonehastherighttonutritiousfood.〞36．Themainideaofthepassagecanbesummarizedas________.A．whyslowfoodissoimportantB．thefoodandwinecultureisrichinItalyC．whatyou'reeatingalwaystravelsalongwayD．slowfoodmakesthecurrentfoodsystemsick37．Accordingtothesecondparagraph,“environmentalstewardship〞refersto________.A．measuresofenvironmentalprotectionsB．waystoestablishhealthyandlivablecommunitiesC．people'sadmirationforallthecreaturesontheearthD．actionstoprotecttherightsofalllivingthingsandenvironment38．Slowfood'scharacteristicdoesn'tliein________.A．improvingthequalityofeaters'lifeB．providingafairpayforfoodworkersC．beingfriendlytohumanandenvironmentalhealthD．developingalooserelationshipwithfoodproducers39．WhatisDavidPrior'sattitudetowardscurrentfoodsystem?A．Suspicious.B．Unsatisfied.C．Indifferent.D．Supportive.【要点综述】本文的作者告诉我们，如果想吃得更健康、更营养，那就提倡“慢食物〞吧！36．A主旨大意题。本文主要探讨“慢食物〞的重要性，以及“慢食物〞给人们带来的好处，故答案选A项。37．D细节理解题。从第二段中的“environmentalstewardship—theactionspeopletaketorespecttherightsofalllivingthingsandallenvironments〞可知，环境管理(environmentalstewardship)的内容就是“破折号〞后的解释，即“人们尊重所有生物和环境的权利的行动〞，故D项正确。38．D细节理解题。从第三段可知，“慢食物运动〞的特色就在于改善饮食者的饮食质量；不对人类健康和环境卫生产生副作用；给食物供给商以合理的报酬。D项那么没有提到，故答案选D项。39．B推理判断题。从最后一段DavidPrior所说的话可知，他认为当前的食物系统很糟糕，需要改良，所以他的态度应该是不满意的(unsatisfied)。A项表示“疑心的〞；C项表示“漠不关心的〞；D项表示“支持的〞，都不符合语境。********************************************************结束〔浙江卷〕短文改错〔共10题；每题1分，总分值10分〕下面短文中有10处语言错误。请再有错误的地方增加，删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号〔∧〕，并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者〔从第11处起〕不计分。例如：Itwasverynicetogetyourinvitationtospend∧weekendwithyou.LuckilytheIwascompletelytreethen,soI'lltosay〞yes".I'llarriveinBristolataround8:00p.m.aminFridayevening.onIwasplayingatmycousinhouse.Sincehisfamilywasrichthanmine,hehadmoretoysthanIdid.TherewasoneonparticularI'dalwayswanted.Iputintomypocketwhenhewasn'tlooking.Iguessed,evenatthatage,Iwouldneverbeabletoenjoytoplayingwiththetoyorfacedmycousinagain;Iwouldalwaysknow,I'ddonesomethingwrong.Lateon,myauntdrovemehome.Whenshedroppedmeoff,IpulledoutthetoyslowandgaveItback.Sheknowswhathadhappened,butshethankedmeandevermentioneditagain.*********************************************************结束2.〔201*·重庆卷〕Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家)，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.64.ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause.A.theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironment.B.theythoughtbathhousesweretoodirtytostayinC.theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbathsD.theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindisease65.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHenryIV’sattitudetobathing?A.Afraid.B.Curious.C.Approving.D.Uninterested.66.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.67.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tostresstheroleofdirt.B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt.D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt.【答案】CACD**************************************************************结束WhenwelearnEnglish,wealwaysfindwehavedifficultiesinrememberingthenamesofthemonths.Therefore,ifweknowsomethingaboutthehistoryofthemonths,possiblyitwon’tbeveryharderforustorememberthem.Thefollowingisoneofexample.JanuarynamedafterGodJanus.Hewasastrangegodbecausehehastwofaces.Hecouldlookintwodirections.Hecouldlookforwardorbackwardatthesametime.Hewasthegodofendingsandbeginnings.Januaryisthemonthonwhichonelooksforwardtothenewyearandit’salsoaperiodoftimehowpeoplethinkaboutthepastyear.Nowcanyousharewithusthestoriesaboutrestofthemonths?参考答案：WhenwelearnEnglish,wealwaysfindwehavedifficultiesinrememberingthenamesofthedifficultymonths.Therefore,ifweknowsomethingaboutthehistoryofthemonths,possiblyitwon’tbeveryHoweverharderforustorememberthem.Thefollowingisoneofexample.January∧namedafterGodJanus.hardwasHewasastrangegodbecausehehastwofaces.Hecouldlookintwodirections.Hecouldlookhadforwardorbackwardatthesametime.Hewasthegodofendingsandbeginnings.Januaryisthemonthandonwhichonelooksforwardtothenewyearandit’salsoaperiodoftimehowpeoplethinkabouttheinwhenpastyear.Nowcanyousharewithusthestoriesabout∧restofthemonths?The********************************************************结束〔二〕MyhusbandJeffandImovedintoournewhomeinScottsblufflastyearjustbeforeChristmas.Ididnothavethe1orenergytocarryoutmytraditionalChristmasdecoratingandbakingactivities.Whatwasthepoint,anyway?Itwasgoingtobea2Christmasafterall.__3__,theneighborlynatureofwestNebraskaresidentsstartedtotrickle(陆续来临)in.Therewasa4onthedooroneevening.ItwasJeff’snewcolleague,JohnSmith,andhiswife,Phyllis.TheSmithshadstoppedbyto5ustotownwithaloafofhomemadebread.Theypointedouta6ontheporch(门廊).Apparentlythedoorbellwasn’tworkinginthecoldsnowyweatherandwehad7aThe8feelingsbroughtbythesethoughtfulgestureslastedlongerthanthefood.AsJeffandIwereclearingpre-Christmas9fromourdriveway,ErnieGuzmancameoverfromnextdoorto10ustodigout.Then,wereceivedaninvitationto11aChristmasEvemealwithourneighbors,ErnieandNancySommer,andtheir12OurChristmasEvewasquitemerry,thankstoour13.OurChristmasmorning14wasspecial,thankstotheSmiths’giftofbread.Iwasso15forthesegesturesofwelcome,especiallyduringtheholidays.Thisyear,wewereagainunabletobewithourfamiliesforChristmas.The16andworkschedulesjustmadethingstoodifficult.17thatsenseofChristmasisolation(孤立)alltoowell,wedecidedtotrytoroundupsomeotherfolkswhowere18inLonelypeopleareallaroundus,butmostofus19noticethem.Justtakealookaroundyou.Sometimes,thesmallest20gesturecanmakeaworldofdifference.1.A.chanceB.timeC.anxietyD.ability2.A.merryB.freeC.lonelyD.usual3.A.ThereforeB.MeanwhileC.SomehowD.However4.A.cardB.signC.knockD.note5.A.welcomeB.inviteC.driveD.send6.A.treeB.packageC.mailD.flower7.A.forgotB.arrangedC.receivedD.missed8.A.deepB.trueC.warmD.mixed9.A.snowB.rubbishC.dustD.leaves10.A.teachB.helpC.urgeD.forbid11.A.shareB.prepareC.tasteD.exchange12.A.auntB.guestC.maidD.partner13.A.folksB.relativesC.colleaguesD.neighbors14.A.callB.greetingC.breakfastD.meeting15.A.sorryB.eagerC.readyD.grateful16.A.distanceB.expenseC.seasonD.situation17.A.StudyingB.ShowingC.KnowingD.Discovering18.A.aloneB.busyC.happyD.active19.A.alwaysB.seldomC.finallyD.usually20.A.carefulB.patientC.vagueD.kind【解题导语】作者和她的丈夫在圣诞节前搬家到了内布拉斯加州斯科茨布拉夫(Scottsbluff)，远离自己的亲戚，本以为会孤单地度过那个圣诞节，可是友好的当地人送来了浓浓的温情，作者过了个非常温馨的圣诞节，……1.【解析】选B。作者和丈夫刚刚搬家到Scottsbluff，有许多的事情要打理，故应是“没有时间和精力〞来准备圣诞节。【解题误区】此题易误选A。chance时机，与语境相符。2.【解析】选C。根据文章倒数第四段中whoalsohadnofamilyintheimmediateareawithwhomtospendtheholiday.以及文章最后一段第一句话可知，选项C正确。【解题误区】此题易误选D。usual通常的，惯常的，根据下文的讲述可知，那次圣诞节与以往不一样，应选项D不正确。3.【解析】选D。此处与上文构成转折关系，与本来预料的情况相