供应链管理外文翻译

TheImpactofGreenSupplyChainManagementonTransportationCostReductionABSTRACT:Supplychainmanagement(SCM)hasbecomeanimportantcompetitiveapproachfororganizations.Theissueofgreensupplychainmanagementiscriticalforthesuccessfulimplementationofindustrialecosystemsandindustrialecology.Organizationshaveanumberofreasonsforimplementingthesegreensupplychainpolicies,fromreactiveregulatoryreasons,toproactivestrategicandcompetitiveadvantagereasons.Fromanoverallenvironmentalandorganizationalperspective,itisimportanttounderstandthesituationandwhatissuesexistinthisfield.Manyorganizationsworldwidehavealreadyexperiencedglobalizationandashiftingfocustocompetitionamongnetworksofcompaniesinthisenvironment.Multinationalenterpriseshaveestablishedglobalnetworksofsuppliersthattakeadvantageofcountry-industryspecificcharacteristicstobuildthiscompetitiveadvantage.Tosuccesshavingthiscompetitiveadvantage,logisticsandsupplychainmanagershavetobalanceeffortstoreducecostsandinnovatewhilemaintaininggoodenvironmentalperformance.Therefore,today,competitionisnotbetweencompanies,betweensupplychains.ThisstudybringsustheeffectofGreenSupplyChainManagement(GSCM)ontheTransportationCostReduction(TCR).Keywords:GreenSupplyChain;TransportationCost;CostReduction1.IntroductionGlobalenterprisesarepermanentlytryingtodevelopnew,flexible,applicableandinnovativemethodstoenhancetheirsuccessandcompetitiveness.Someoftheseorganizationsareenhancingtheircompetitivenessthroughimprovementsintheirenvironmentalactivitiesperformancetocomplywithenvironmentallawandregulations.Themainpointofcomplyingwithenvironmentallawandregulationsiscustomerenvironmentalconcernsandenvironmentalimpactofproductionandserviceactivities.Besides,increasingofawarenessofthepropensityforenvironmentalpollutionwithinorganizations5supplynetworktocosttheminconsumercomplain,cleanupandpunishment.Toresponsetherequirementofenvironmentallawandregulations,minimumstandardsofenvironmentalperformancehavebecomeincreasinglyprevalentinthepurchasingagreementsofmultinationalcorporationsfortheirlocalandglobalsuppliers.Thisrequirementhasbecomeanewcustomerexpectationfromsuppliersthereforesuppliershavetoreducecostsandimprovequalityandservicetocompletetheirresponsibilityfortheircustomers.Itisgenerallythoughtthatgreensupplychainmanagementhasagreateffectinincreasingenvironmentalperformance,minimizingwasteandachievingcostsavings.Besidesbecauseofincreasingsynergyamongbusinessparties,greensupplychainmanagementenhancesefficiencythroughpartnerandtheirsupplynetworks.Thissynergyisexpectedtoenhancethecorporateimage,competitiveadvantageandmarketingexposure.However,ifgreensupplychainmanagementpracticesaretobefullyadoptedbyallorganizations,ademonstrablelinkbetweensuchmeasuresandcostsaving,specificallytransportationcostsavingisverynecessary.Bowenetal.statethatorganizationswilladoptgreensupplychainmanagementpracticesiftheyidentifythatthiswillresultinspecificfinancialandoperationalbenefits.Thus,thereisaclearresearchneedtoestablishthepotentiallinkbetweenstructureofgreensupplychainandeffectivetransportationcostsaving,toprovideanacceleratorforenterprisestoestablisheffectivegreentheirsupplychains.Manyenterpriseshavedemonstratedsignificanteffortstoestablishgreensupplychainmanagementinitiatives.WhilethereisnotenoughstudywhichexamineaboutcostreductionthroughGreenSupplyChainManagementandtestedanempiricallinkbetweensucheffortsandTransportationCostReduction.Therefore,thispaperpresentstheresultsofasurveyoforganizationstoinvestigatethepropositionthatthereisasignificantrelationbetweenGSCMandTCR.LiteratureReviewThispaperencompassesprevious“functional^specificresearchonaspectsofGSCM,todevelopaconceptualmodelofGSCMandTCR.Inthispaper,thestructureofgreensupplychainmanagementencompassesenvironmentalparametersas:PurchasingandIn-BoundLogistics,ProductionortheInternalSupplyChain,DistributionandOut-BoundLogistics,ReverseLogistics.PurchasingandIn-BoundLogisticsFromthepurchasing-thebeginningpointofsupplychain-perspectiveofthesupplynetworkitisunderdiscussionthatGSCMhasseveralbenefits,rangingfromcostreductiontointegratingsuppliersinaparticipativedecision-makingprocessthatpromotesenvironmentalinnovation).Greenpurchasingstrategieswhichthelargestpartofinboundlogisticssideisadoptedbythecompaniestoresponseglobalconcernofenvironmentalstability.Greenpurchasingmightenhanceissuessuchasusingenvironmentaltransportation,costreduction,materialsubstitutionandwasteminimizationofhazardousmaterials.Theinvolvementandsupportofsuppliersiscrucialtoachievingsuchgoals.Therefore,companiesareincreasinglymanagingtheirsuppliers5environmentalperformancetoensurethatthematerialsandequipmentssuppliedbythemareenvironmentally-friendlyinnatureandareproducedusingenvironmentallyfriendlyprocesses.Integrationofsuppliersintoenvironmentalmanagementsystemcouldbecompletedintwosteps.Firststep,Waltonetalsuggestthatenvironmentalissuesbecomemainpartofstrategicplanningtoresponseregulationsandthedemandsofenvironmentalaccountability.Insecondstep,organizationsintegratetheirsuppliertotheirsupplychainstomakereductionoperationalcostsandimprovecustomerservice.GreeningtheProductionPhaseortheInternalSupplyChainThereareseveralnotionsthatcouldbeexplainedaboutgreensupplychaininproductionphase,suchascleanerproduction,designforenvironment,remanufacturingandleanproduction.Leanproductionhasanimportancetodecreasetheenvironmentalimpactoftheinternalsupplychain.Leanproductionimprovesenvironmentalperformancebyreducinggeneralwasteandminimizinghazardouswastes.Besides,productionphasehasanimportantroleinkeepingsamequalityleveloforganizationthat:havingenvironmentally-friendlyproduction;preventionofpollutionatsource;cleanerproductionpracticesareadopted;closedloopmanufacturing(reverselogistics)isincorporatedtothefullestextentpossible,re-useandrecyclingofmaterialsismaximized;materialusageisreduced;therecyclablecontentofaproductisincreased;theproductionprocessesareoptimizedsothatgenerationofwaste,bothhazardousorotherwise,isminimized;andproductsareredesigned(designfortheenvironment).Alsoadditionallydesignofthefacilitybasedonleanproductionisabletominimizevehiclemovement.GreeningtheOutboundFunctionandReverseLogisticsOntheoutboundsideofthegreensupplychain,reverselogistics,environment-friendlypackaging,andenvironment-friendlydistribution,areallinitiativesthatmightimprovetheenvironmentalperformanceofanorganizationanditssupplychain.Managementofwastesintheoutboundfunctionsuchasreverselogisticsandwasteexchangecanleadtocostsavingsandenhancedcompetitiveness.Manyoftheseinitiativesinvolvecompromisesbetweenvariouslogisticsfunctionsasreverselogisticsandenvironmentalconsiderationinordertoimprovetheenvironmentalperformanceofanorganization.Inaneco-transportationsystem,requiredparametersofatransportationsystemsuchastypeoftransport,fuelsources,infrastructure,operationalpracticesandorganization,canbeconsidered.Theseparametersandthedynamicsthatconnectthem,determinetheenvironmentalimpactgeneratedinthetransportationlogisticsphaseofthesupplychain.ModelandMethodologyAtthissection,winvestigateresearchquestionbyusingaquestionnairetocollectdata.Aftercollecting,IuseSPSSsoftwaretocontrolrelationbetweenourvariablesbyregressionanalysis.Modelhasthreephases.Infirstphase,fivedimensionsareusedofallGSCMdimensionswhichaffectfuelconsumption&maintenance,repairingexpenditure.Insecondphase,thewellknownrelationwithfuelconsumption&maintenance,repairingexpenditureandtransportationcostreductionisusedtogetresultforthisstudy.Transportationcostreductionsideisthirdphaseinourmodel.Onepointaboutmethodologyshouldbeclarifiedinsecondphase.Thereverserelationbetweenfuelconsumption&maintenance,repairingexpenditureandtransportationcostreduction.Butthedifficultiesoffindingfluctuationintransportationcostreductioninadirectway.Togetresultabouttransportationcostreduction,Iusethesecondphaseasastepphase.Throughsecondphase,Igeteffectoffivedimensionsintofuelconsumption&maintenance,repairingexpenditure,thenusingresultandusingreverserelation,Ireachthepointwhichexplainstheeffectoffivedimensionsintotransportationcostreduction.QuestionnaireTovalidatethemodelgivenintheprecedingsection,regressionanalysisisusedtodeterminethecausalrelationshipsbetweenenvironmentaltransportation,suppliersbyenvironmentalcriteria,helpingsupplierstoestablishtheirownenvironmentalmanagementsystem,optimizeinternalprocesstominimizevehiclemovement,reverselogisticsandtransportationcostreduction.Anempiricalsurvey-basedresearchapproachwasadopted,comprisingof38items.ThequestionnairewasdistributedtotheenvironmentalmanagementrepresentativeorthelogisticsrepresentativeofISO14001certifiedorganizations.Thejustificationforusingafive-pointscaleservedtounderstandthattheremighthavebeenatendencyofhavingmostnegativeresponsesloadingheavilyonthemedianlevel,thecenterpointofthescale.Theresearchinstrumentwasdistributedtocorporationsusinganonlinesurveywebsite.Companyrepresentativesenterthewebsiteandresponsethequestionsthroughwebsite.ThatwebsiteservesdataasinSPSSfileandSPSSestimatesaseriesofseparatebutinterdependentregressionequationssimultaneously.Wehavedrawnuponthetheoryandtheresearchobjectivestodeterminewhichindependentvariablewillpredictwhichdependentvariable.Theproposedrelationshipsarethentranslatedintoaseriesofstructuralequationsforeachdependentvariable.Thestructuralmodelexpressestheserelationshipsamongindependentanddependentvariables.HypothesisAtthissection,therearefivedifferenthypothesisetoexaminetheimpactofGSCMonTCR.FivedifferenthypothesisiscomingfromfivedifferentdimensionsofGSCM.Ofcourse,totaldimensionsarenotonlyfivebutasrepresentingintheprecedingsection,onlyfiveofalldimensionsareusedtocreatehypothesis.Hypothesis'areinrepresentingasbelow.ResultsBasedonmodelandhypothesis,resultshavebeengottenbyusingregressionanalysismethod.InthisanalysisFCMREandTCRisdependentvariablesandtheotherfivedimensionsofGSCM(Usingmoreenvironmentaltransportation,Reverselogistics,Choiceofsuppliersbyenvironmentalcriteria,HelpingsupplierstoestablishtheirownEMS,Optimizeinternalprocesstominimizevehiclemovement)areindependentvariables.ConclusionThisstudyconcludesthatgreensupplychainmanagementencompassespotentialtomakecostsavingintransportation.Fromproductionfirmperspective,specially,mainconcernsoffirmsarecontinuouslytracking,controllingandthinkinghowtomanagetheirallkindsofcost,especiallytransportationcost.Asmentionedinprecedingsections,thereisarelationasinformulamodebetweenfuelconsumption&maintenance,repairingexpenditure(FCMRE)andtransportationcost.Becauseofthedifficultiestocollectandgetthetransportationcostdata,modelhasfuelconsumption&maintenance,repairingexpenditureasaconnectionvariable.ThisstudyprovestheexistingrelationbetweenGSCMandFCMRE.AfterprovingthisrelationandusingtherelationbetweenFCMREandTCR,thisstudyexplainstheimpactofGSCMontransportationcost.Also,theseresearchfindingssuggestthatgreentheirsupplychainsmanagementaffectnotonlyfuelconsumption,maintenanceandrepairingcost,butalsothroughthesevariablesaffecttransportationcostindirectly.摘要：供应链管理（SCM）已成为一种重要的竞争手段。绿色供应链管理的成功实施对工业生态系统和工业生态学问题是非常重要的。实施这些绿色供应链的政策原因除了被动监管之外还有很多。从整体环境和组织的角度来看，重要的是了解这一领域的情况并知道其存在的问题。世界各地的许多组织已经经历了全球化，并且已把焦点转移到这种环境下的企业网络之间的竞争。跨国公司的企业已经建立了全球供应商网络，利用国家行业的具体特点，建立这种竞争优势。为了拥有这种竞争优势，供应链和物流经理必须在降低成本和保持良好的环境性能之间保持均衡。因此，今天的竞争不是企业与企业之间，而是供应链与供应链之间的竞争。这项研究给我们带来的是绿色供应链管理（GSCM）对于降低运输成本的（TCR）的影响，。关键词：绿色供应链；运输成本；降低成本引言全球企业都将尝试开发新的，灵活的，适用的和创新的方法，以提高他们的竞争力。一些组织通过改善对环境的活动以表现符合环保的法律法规，借此来加强他们的竞争力。遵守环境法律法规的主要观点是客户环境问题和环境影响的生产和服务活动。此外，通过增加企业供应网络内对环境污染的认识来减少他们对顾客的抱怨和处罚。为了响应环保法律法规的要求，当地和全球的供应商最低标准环保性能已成为越来越普遍的跨国公司的采购协议。这已成为客户对供应商一个新的期望，因此供应商必须通过降低成本，提高产品质量和服务来达到客户的要求。人们普遍认为，绿色供应链管理对提高环保性能，减少浪费，实现成本节约有很大的影响，。此外，绿色供应链管理也通过合作伙伴和供应网络增加了企业各方之间的协同作用，并提高了效率。这种协同作用提升了企业形象，竞争优势和营销曝光。但是，如果绿色供应链管理的做法完全是通过所有的组织，那么采取的措施和成本节省之间就有一个明显的联系，尤其是在运输成本的节省方面。Bowen等人组织采用绿色供应链管理的做法，如果他们确实这么做的话，那么在具体的财务和运营方面是很有益处的。因此，需要建立绿色供应链结构，有效节省运输成本之间的潜在联系，为客户提供一个加速器，为企业建立有效的绿色供应链有一个明确的研究。许多企业都尽量采取建立绿色供应链管理的措施，虽然现在没有足够的研究表明，绿色供应链管理能降低成本，并且做出的努力能达到减少运输成本的目的。因此，本文提出的调查结果，即是一个鲜明的绿色供应链管理和TCR之间的关系的结果。文学评论本文包括“功能性”的绿色供应链管理方面的专门研究，制定绿色供应链管理的概念模型和TCR。在本文中，绿色供应链管理的结构，包括环境参数为：（1）采购和在绑定物流；（2）生产或内部供应链；（3）分布和出站物流；（4）逆向物流。2.1采购和入站物流从采购-供应链的开始点-供应网络的角度来看，它是在讨论绿色供应链管理的好处，包括降低成本，在参与决策过程整合供应商，促进环境创新。绿色采购策略中，入站物流方面的最大部分是通过公司响应全球关注的环境稳定性。绿色采购可能会在环保运输，降低成本，有害材料替代和减少废物的方面有所增强。供应商的参与和支持是实现这些目标的关键。因此，企业正越来越多地管理他们供应商的环境绩效，以确保由他们提供的材料和设备是环境友好型性质和使用环保工艺生产的。供应商纳入环境管理体系的整合可以分为两个步骤完成。第一步，沃顿等人建议，环境问题成为主要的战略规划的一部分，以达到对法规和环境负责任的要求。在第二个步骤中，企业整合他们的供应商和供应链，达到降低运营成本，提高客户服务的目的。2.2绿色生产阶段或内部供应链关于绿色供应链在生产阶段，如清洁生产，设计，环境，再制造和精益生产等环节的概念可以解释。精益生产对内部供应链很重要，它可以减少对环境的影响，使一般废弃物及危险废物最小化。此外，生产阶段的组织保持同样的质量水平也起到很重要的作用。对环境友好的生产源污染预防，需进行的清洁生产的做法是采用闭环制造，并尽可能纳入到逆向物流中。材料的再利用和循环利用最大化可以减少材料的使用，增加产品可循环再造的内容优化，使生产过程产生的废物，危险物或最小