工程管理 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 浅谈工程索赔的预防与处理

Talkingabouttheproject

claimthepreventionandtreatment

Abstract：Inprojectmanagement,constructionclaimisacomplexbusinessmanagement.Today'sdomesticprojectcontractingmarketisbecomingmorecompetitive,successfullow-costhasbecomearegularoperation,theoperatingcontractorfortheconstructionoftheclaimisveryimportanttoachievethegoal.Thesignificanceoftheclaimanddescribedtheconceptfortoday'sdomesticconstructionprojectsinclaimsmanagementproblemswereanalyzedandthecorrespondingcountermeasuresandsuggestionsoftheprojectandcounter-claimsbothsidesclaimthecontractisanindispensablebusinesscomponent.Basedontheanalysisofthefactorsthatclaimstheproject,discussedthecontractontheimplementationoftheprojectclaimthedealwiththeprinciplesandspecifictreatment.

Keywords:engineeringclaimpreventiondealwith

1.Thedefinitionandclassificationofclaims

Claimtheprojectisthefulfillmentofthecontract,thecontractduetotheotherpartydidnotfulfillitsobligationsunderthecontractandthisledtolosses,otherdemandsforcompensationortherighttocompensation.Theincidenceofclaimsisatwo-way,aslongasthecontractsideoftheresponsibilityandobligationnottoachievecontract,ortoprovidetheconditionsinconsistentwiththecontractualstatus,thereareclaimsthatmayarise.Itisalsoakindofaright,undernormalcircumstances,theclaimreferstothecontractorintheimplementationofthecontractprocess,thereasonsfortheirnon-extensionoftheproject,andrequireownerstoincreasethecostofcompensationforthelossofaclaim.Theownersbelongtotheconstructionunitshouldbeartheresponsibilityforthecause,andtheactuallosstotheconstructionofrequestsforcompensation,knownastheanti-claim.

1.1Thepurposeoftheirclaimscanbedividedintotwocategories:constructionclaimsandclaimscosts.

ClaimConstructionEngineeringrefersto,asaresultofnon-responsibilityofthecontractorcausesdelayintheconstructionprocessforapprovalofthecontractextendedperiodoftheclaim.Constructionunitsofthepurposeoftheclaimperiodisusuallytwo:first,removedorhavebeenshirkingitsresponsibilitytoextendthedurationofthecontractresponsibility,so

1

thattheydonotpayasmuchaspossibleornottoextendthetimelimittopayfines;IIisduetoextensionoftheperiodandThecostofdamagecausedbytheclaim.Iftheprojectisnottheresponsibilityofdelaycausedbytheconstruction,andconstructionunitshavebeenapprovedconstructionprojectclaim,theconstructionunitscanbemadeasaresultofmeasurestakentospeedupandincreasethecostofclaims.Thecostofclaimsisbasedontheprincipleofcompensationforactuallosses,anditspurposeistorequirefinancialcompensation.Whentherealityoftheconditionsofthecontractandinconsistent,leadingtoincreaseincontractorexpensesinexcessoftherequirementsoftheplan'scostoftheadditionalcompensationexpenses,inordertosavehiscommitmentshouldnotbeeconomiclosses.

2.Thecauseoftheprojectclaim

2.1Engineeringdesignarisingfromclaims.

Astheconstructiondrawingsinerrorordefective,workingdrawingsandtheactualconstructionsiteingeology,environment,orthedifferencebetweenthedesigndrawingsandspecificationsdoesnotmatchthedescriptionofexpressionisnottightconstruction,equipment,materials,thenameofthemodelspecificationsthatOrthewrongamountofworkisnotclearandmanyotheraspectsoftheflawsandomissions,resultinginrework.Inevitableinordertoproduceintheperiod,thelabor,materials,andotheraspectsoftheclaims.

2.2Donotclosethesigningofthecontractarisingfromclaims

Thecontractisacontractagreement,thetenderdocuments,tender,contract-specificprovisions,generalprovisionsofthecontract,drawings,BOQandtofulfillthecontractinthecourseofaseriesofsupplementaryagreementssuchasthecompositionofthedocument,thecontractssignedbetweenthetwosidesinaccordancewiththelawTheentryintoforce,legallybinding,eitherpartymaychangeordissolvethenon-performanceofthecontractorthepowersandduties.However,duetoconstructionprojectsandthecomplexityoftheconstructionperiod,aswellasthenaturalenvironment,climate,suchaslong-termfactors,togetherwiththetermsofthecontractintermsofsecurityisnotstrong,betweentheconflictingdocuments,arelikelytomakethepartiesenterintotheConstructioncontractscannottakefullaccountofallfactorsandaclearimpactontheproject,whichledtotheconstructionoftheclaim.

2.3TheriskofaccidentsandunforeseenfactorssuchaschangesintheconditionsoftheclaimDuringtheconstructionprocess,changesintheconditionsoftheconstructionsiteofthe

projectcostandimpact,suchasearthquakes,typhoons,war,rebellion,radioactivepollutionandnuclearhazards,suchasforcemajeurerisksandnaturaldisastersaswellastheconstructionofsandmudemerged,geologicalFault,naturalcave,subsidenceandundergroundstructuresor

2

objectsonthegroundfloor,andotherunknownobstacles,oftenleadingtothechangescausedbytheconstructionclaim.Ifexcavationworksduetothediscoveryofundergroundstructuresandculturalrelics,andsoon,thedrawingsdidnotsayconstructionindeeddifficulttoforeseeareasonableman-madeobstacles,suchasthedealisboundtoleadtoanincreaseinthecostoftheproject,theconstructionunitscanclaim.

2.4Projectconstructioncontractsmanagementchangesintheclaim.

Thecurrentconstructionmarket,theprojectconstructioncontractshaveatotalpackage,sub-,sub-designate,contractlabor,equipment,materialssupplycontractandaseriesofcontract,soastoenabletheprojectconstructioncontractsandmanagementhasbecomecomplicatedbythedifficultyGreat.Whenanyofthecontractscannotperformwellorpoorlymanaged,willaffecttheprojectconstructionperiod,thequalityandquantity,sparkingtheproject,quality,quantityandeconomicaspectsoftheclaim.Suchasequipment,materialsuppliers,accordingtotheproject'sdesignandconstructionscheduleontimeinaccordancewiththeprovisionofqualityequipment,materials,engineering,cannotbytheownersoftherequirementsanddesignspecificationsandthespecificationsfortheconstruction,soastoaffecttheprojectconstructionTheprogressandquality,leadingtotheowners,withatotalpackageside,thesub-side,theequipmentandmaterialssuppliersmutualclaims.

3Workstopreventanddealwiththeclaims.

3.1TheprojectPreventionclaims

Oftheabovefactorsintheanalysisoftheprojectclaim,theclaimworks,asownersofthemanagementofthemainsquareinthepreventionandtreatmenteffortsmustbedealtwiththeprinciplesandspecificwaystodealwith,makingareasonableclaimforcompensationevidencetoensuretheprogressoftheconstructionproject,quality,thecostofavirtuouscircle.Shoulddothefollowingspecificareas:

3.1.1Tostrengthentheclaimofforward-lookingprevention.Asowners,supervisionengineersandcontractorsmustusetheirexperienceandtherelevantregulations,totakeactivemeasurestopreventforeseeableclaimstheincidentoccurred.Suchasstrengtheningthemanagementofthecontract,tostrengthenpreparatoryworktostrengthenthedesignreview,andsoon.However,iftheclaimisindeedtakenplace,shouldtakeactivemeasurestocontrolclaimscoststoaminimum.

3.1.2Inmarketeconomyconditions,thecontractisbindingbothAandBcriterionofeconomicbehavior.Astheowner'smanagersshouldpayattentiontofullyandstrictlycarryoutthecontract.Beforesigningthecontractshouldberepeated,asappropriate,thetermsofthe

3

contract,payattentiontothestrictletterofthecontractdocuments,inordertopreventtheimplementationofthecontractprocessasaresultofloopholesinthetextcausedbytheopportunitytoclaim,resultinginadditionalinvestment.

Inthedesignofmanagementshouldstrivetoobtainthecontractbydesigndrawings,data,andunitsdesignedtoimprovethequalityofdesign,conditionspermittingtheintroductionofthedesigncompetition,designedtoimprovethequalityofservice.〖JP2〗throughthedesignofthecredibilityofthetenderselection,design,managementcapacityinareassuchasbetterdesignoftheunit,designedtoreduceasmuchaspossiblethereasonsforincreaseintheriskofprojectcost,thelatterdesignedtoimprovethequalityofservice.

3.1.3Inthesupplyofmaterials,equipmentandmaterialsshouldbedoneontimeandthesupply,qualityvolume.Asfaraspossibletoavoidthesupplyofmaterialspecificationsofthetype,varietyandnotcausedbythedrawingsofalternativematerials.

3.1.4Thepricemayrisetotheclaimbytheconstructiontenderwillbetakentoincreasetheriskofapackageasadeathordertoguardagainstthepractice,thatis,inbusinesscontracts,accordingtothelengthofperiod,themarketpricetrendforecast,thetwosidestoagreeonacostriskTothecontractorsandcontractduringtheconstructionofnationalandlocalgovernmentpolicydocumentsarenolongertheimplementationofpriceadjustment.

3.2Engineeringclaims.

3.2.1Shouldbebasedonacontractbasistodealwithclaimsmustbereasonable;havetopayattentiontodatacollection,informationtruthfulness,reliability,andafterthatmustdealwithclaimsinatimelymanner;indealingwiththespecificclaimsprocess,wemustAcloseexaminationoftheperiodwhentheclaimsshouldbegiven,shouldbegivenwhenthecostofclaims.Forexample:anextremelybadweatherconditions,wehaveexceededtheexpectednormalrainandsnow,seriouslyhamperingtheprogressofprojectsatthistime,theconstructionunitsmayberequired,theownercangrantanextensionperiod,thatis,theestablishmentoftheclaimperiod,butthecostshouldnotbeClaim.Forinstance,intheworksinfullswingduringpartoftheprojectchanges,constructionhasbeenfinishedonthepartofthechangeandwaitforthedrawingswhenpartoftheconstructionandmechanicalrequirementsoftheclaim,thistime,tohavebeenpartoftheEndoftheclaim,itshouldbenefitall,Includingthecostsandprofits,butstagnationandmachinery,duetothetimewhentheconstructionseason,itisentirelypossiblethatthisfirstpartofthepersonnel,machinerytouseelsewhere,tobepaidshouldbetheonlychangeofdutyandthetypesofworkefficiencytolowercosts.

4

3.2.2Todealwithclaimsintheeventoflimitationsshouldbecarriedoutinspection,thebuildingofChina'sconstructioncontracts(GF-1999-2001)inthelightofinternationalcommonFIDICconditionsofcontractclaimagainstthestatuteoflimitationsprovidesasfollows:"Theclaimoccurredwithin28daysofEngineerstoissueaclaimNotice;issuedanoticeofclaimwithin28daystoraiseadditionalengineerstoextendthedurationofthecontractpriceortheclaimsreportandrelatedinformation;engineerssenttothecontractorreceivedthereportandclaimsinformationafterthe28daysgiventosignrehabilitation,Oraskthecontractortoaddfurthergroundsfortheclaimandevidence.Engineersin28daysordidnotrespondtothecontractorforfurtherrequirements,astheclaimshavebeenapproved."Excessofthelimitationperiodforclaims,asthecasemayhavetherighttorefuse.Atthesametime,theclaimshouldbeeffectivetodealwithinatimelymanner.

3.2.3Shouldclearlydefinetheresponsibilities,strictexaminationfees.Theclaimofactualeventsareoftenresponsibleforbothcontracts,whichshouldidentifythereasons,clearlydefineresponsibilitiesandinaccordancewiththetermsofthecontract'spricingreviewtodeterminethecontractthatbothsidesshouldbearthecost.

3.2.4Shouldworktostrengthenthecontroloftheinitiati