外教社新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列（修订版）：综合教程（第3版） 第1册 Unit 5 Lecture Notes

Unit5Hollywood

SectionOnePre-readingActivities

I.Lead-in

Drawyourmindmapwiththeheadword“Hollywood”.

Whatdoestheword"Hollywood“suggesttoyou?Whatwordsisitassociatedwithinyourmind?

Writedownasmanyaspossible.Showyourmindmaptotheclassafteryouhavefinishedit.

Thisisanopenquestion.Answerstothequestionmayvary.Whiletalkingaboutvarious

associations,boththeteacherandthestudentsareexpectedtousesomekeywordsinthetext.For

example,theyaresupposedtouse“studio"and"shootmotionpictures"atthementionof

UniversalStudioThemePark,“amphitheatre“atthementionofHollywoodBowl,“starlet"and

“immortal"atthementionoftheHollywoodWalkofFame,“luxurious"and"glamour"atthe

mentionofBeverleyHills,"motionpicturecorporation^^atthementionofParamountorWarner

Bros,orMGM,etc.Notethesearekeywordsinthetextandmostofthemturnupinthe“Listof

wordsandexpressionsfocusedonintheexercisesbelow”.

Il.Culturalinformation

1.Quote

FredAllen:YoucantakeallthesincerityinHollywood,placeitinthenavelofafireflyandstill

haveroomenoughforthreecarawayseedsandaproducer'sheart.

2.Hollywood

HollywoodisaneighborhoodinLosAngeles,Californiasituatedwest-northwestof

DowntownLosAngeles.Duetoitsfameandculturalidentityasthehistoricalcenterofmovie

studiosandmoviestars,theword"Hollywood"isoftenusedasametonymyofAmericancinema,

andisofteninterchangeablyusedtorefertothegreaterLosAngelesareaingeneral.The

nicknames"StarStruckTown"and"Tinseltown"refertoHollywoodanditsmovieindustry.Today,

muchofthemovieindustryhasdispersedintosurroundingareassuchastheWestside

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neighborhood,butsignificantauxiliaryindustries,suchasediting,effects,props,post-production

andlightingcompaniesremaininHollywood,asdoesthebacklotofParamountPictures.

ManyhistoricHollywoodtheatersareusedasvenuesandconcertstagestopremieremajor

theatricalreleasesandhosttheAcademyAwards.Itisapopulardestinationfornightlife,tourism,

andishometotheHollywoodWalkofFame.

3.Black-and-WhiteMovie

Blackandwhite,oftenabbreviatedB/WorB&W,andhyphenatedblack-and-whitewhenuse

dasanadjective,isanyofseveralmonochromeformsinvisualarts.Black-and-whiteimagesaren

otusuallystarklycontrastedblackandwhite.Theycombineblackandwhiteinacontinuumprodu

cingarangeofshadesofgray.Further,manyprints,especiallythoseproducedearlierinthedevel

opmentofphotography,wereinsepia(mainlyforarchivalstability),whichyieldedricher,subtler

shadingthanreproductionsinplainblack-and-white.Colorphotographyprovidesamuchgreater

rangeofshade,butpartoftheappealofblack-and-whitephotographyisitsmoresubduedmonoch

romaticcharacter.

4.BeverleyHills

BeverlyHills,locatedinLosAngeles,USA,hasthetitleofuthemostprestigiousresidential

areaintheworld"andisregardedastherepresentativeandsymbolofwealthandfame.Itis

locatedonthecoolPacificcoastatthefootoftheBeverlyHills.

BeverlyHillsisthedreamlandinthemindoftheworld-famousrichpeopleintheworld.As

themostfamouscitywithinthecityofLosAngeles,therearethemostupscalecommercialstreets

intheworld,aswellasnumerousmansionsofHollywoodstars;italsoservesastheholylandof

theworldmoviecircle.Everyyear,BeverlyHillsattractsmillionsoftouristsfromalloverthe

world.Thereisacollectionoftheworld'stopfashionbrands.Eachstoreisresplendent,carved

marblewithbrassdoors.Archfountainmakesthisstreetsuddenlylookmoreimposingand

extraordinary.Nowitistheworld'smostexpensiveshoppingcenter.

4.HollywoodBowl

HollywoodBowl,amodemamphitheaterat2301NorthHighlandAvenueinHollywood,

California,wasoriginallythemusicperformancevenue.Itofficiallyopenedin1922inthenatural

theaterspaceknownasDaisyDellandhasbeenasummervenuefortheLosAngeles

philharmoniceversince.TheHollywoodBowlOrchestraisalsothevenueforasmalllocalband,

theHollywoodBowlOrchestra.

ThemostfamousfeatureoftheHollywoodamphitheaterisitsbandshell,aconcentricarch

thathasgracedthetheatersince1929.PopularartistssuchasCher,FrankSinatra,TheBeatles,

PinkFloydandJudyGarlandhaveallperformedonstage.AttheendofsomeWarnercartoons,

pigsays,"Look...View...People,to...Morethanjust...Ifsall,"andcartoonfansmaynoticethat

pig'sstagesettingresemblestheHollywoodBowl;Whetherthiswasintentionalisdebatable

(however,theamphitheaterdidappearinmanyofWarner'scartoonskits,atleastonceinthe

naughtyPinkPanthercartoonandonceintheTomandJerrycartoon).ThefamousHollywood

Sign,visibleafewmilestothenortheast,alsoaddstotheatmosphere.

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III.Audiovisualsupplements

Watchavideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Doyouknowtheactorinthevideo?Howdoyouthinkhisperformance?

2.Nowadaysintheshowbusiness,starswereoftentypecastaccordingtotheaudiences,

preference.Howdoyouthinkthestarsshouldbehaveintheirdailylives?

AnswerstotheQuestions:

1.Yes,heisMr.Bean.Imeanthecharacterintheopera.Theactor?snameisRowanAtkinson.His

performanceisveryfannyandexquisite.

2.Open.

VideoScript:

Teacher:Ladiesandgentlemen,youmayopentheenvelopescontainingyourpapers.Theexam

starts...now.

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SectionTwoGlobalReading

I.Mainidea

1.Whatinformationdoesthetextpresent?

ThetextprovidesinformationaboutthepastandthepresentofHollywood.

A.MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarI.

B.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysof

blackandwhitemovies.

C.TodaymostoftheHollywoodstudioshavebeenleasedtotelevisionnetworks.

D.ThereisalsotheattractiveHollywoodBowl.TheoldHollywoodmovieswillbeshown

againandagaininmoviehousesandtelevisionscreensallovertheworld.

2.Listafewsentencesfromthetextthatpresentthemajorinformationofthetext.

1)Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewheretheyoungstar-struckteenagerscould,witha

bitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.(ParagraphI)

2)TheconstantsunshineandmildclimateofsouthernCaliforniamadeitanidealsitefor

shootingmotionpictures.Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand

1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.(Paragraph2)

3)InthosedaysHollywoodwaslikeamagnet,drawingambitiousyoungmenandwomen

fromallovertheworld.(Paragraph3)

4)Asforthestarsthemselves,theywereheldonatightreinbythestudiochiefswhocould

makeorbreakallbutthestarswithreallybigappeal.(Paragraph4)

5)Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.Itisanamewhichwillalwaysbe

associatedwithmotionpicture-making.(Paragraph9)

II.Structuralanalysis

1.Thetextbeginswiththesentence"Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,…”Thisideaisechoed

towardstheendofthetext,i.e.inParagraphs7-9.Canyouexplainhowthisisdone?

ThefirstsentenceofParagraph7,“Hollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheword'smotion

pictureindustry,seemstosuggestthattheglamourofHollywoodnolongerexists.Butthefirst

wordofParagraph8,"Yet,"suggeststhatthisisnotentirelytrue.Andthelastparagraphstrongly

assertsthatHollywoodisstillaglamourousplace.

2.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.

Paragraph(s)Mainidea

1ItprovidesabriefintroductiontoHollywood.

2-8ItprovidesreaderswithsomemajorfactsaboutHollywood.

9Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.

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SectionThreeDetailedReading

TextI

Hollywood1

1Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewhereyoungstar-struckteenagers2could,witha

bitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.Hollywoodsuggestsluxurioushouseswithvastpalm-fringed

swimmingpools,cocktailbarsandfurnishingsfitforamillionaire.Andthebigmoviestars

weremillionaires.Manyspenttheirfortunesonyachts,Rolls-Royces3anddiamonds.Afew

ofthemlosttheirglamourquitesuddenlyandwereleftwithnothingbutemptinessand

colossaldebts.

2MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarI.Theconstantsunshineand

mildclimateofsouthernCalifornia4madeitanidealsiteforshootingmotionpictures.

Hollywood'sfameandfortunereacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysof

blackandwhitemovies.Mostofthefamousmotionpicturecorporationsofthosedays,

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer5,ColumbiaandWarnerBrothers6,arestillverymuchinbusiness

andgreatstarslikeGretaGarbo7,MarleneDietrich8,CharlieChaplin,9GaryCooper10,and

manyothersbesides,havebecomeimmortal.

3InthosedaysHollywoodwaslikeamagnet,drawingambitiousyoungmenandwomen

fromallovertheworld.Mostofthemhadonlytheirgoodlookstorecommendthemand

hadnoactingexperienceorability--whatsoever.Occasionallytheygotjobs,iftheywere

luckyenoughtobenoticed.GaryCooperwasoneofthefewwhowasnoticed.Hestartedas

astuntrider11,andfromthererosetobeoneofthegreatstarsoftheearlyWesterns12.Many

ofthegirlsgotjobsincafesorgasstations,andastheyservedtheircustomerstheytossed

theirheadsandswungtheirhips,hopingtoattracttheattentionofsomeimportantperson

connectedwiththemovies.Mostofthemhopedinvain.

4Asforthestarsthemselves,theywereheldonatightreinbythestudiochiefswho

couldmakeorbreakallbutthestarswithreallybigappeal.Thestarswerepersuadedtosign

seven-yearcontracts,duringwhichtimethestudiosbuiltuptheirimages.4Undertheir

contractsthestarsdidnothavetherighttochoosetheirparts.Theirstudiosdecided

everything.

5Nocountryintheworldhasdevelopedsoexpertlytheskillofadvertisingasthe

Americans.5Theyadvertiseeverything,fromicecreamtocandidatesforthepresidency.The

Hollywoodstudios,bymeansofadvertising,turnedstarletsintosuperstars.Manystudio

chiefsweretyrants,determinedtogettheirownwayatallcosts,nomatterhow

unscrupulousthemeans.

6Starswereoftentypecastandifheorsheappealedtothepublicasalover,thenheor

shealwaysplayedthepartofalover.Astarwhowasahitasacowboyorabadguygotthe

samekindofroleagainandagain.Therewaslittlearguing,"you'retheperfectdumbblond13,

baby,andthat'showyou'regoingtostay,“theywouldsay.Theyeventriedtointerferein

theirstars'privatelives:No,sugar14!Youjustcan'tmarryMelBilligan.He'stoointellectual.

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He'ddestroyyourimage.Onlywhentheyceasedtobestarsdidsomeofthemdiscoverthat

theywerealsogoodactors!MoviestarslikeBetteDavis15,KatherineHepburn16,Spencer

Tracy17andJamesMason18gavedistinguishedperformancesincharacterpartsaswellas

leadingroles.

7Hollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheworld'smotionpictureindustry.Mostmovies

todayarefilmedonlocation,thatistosay,inthecities,inthecountrysideandinanypartof

theworldthatthescriptdemands.TheHollywoodstudiosarestillstanding,butmostof

themhavebeenleasedtotelevisionnetworks.About80%ofallAmericanTVentertainment

comesfromHollywood.

8YetHollywoodhasnotlostallitsglamour.Moviestarsstilllivethere,orinneighboring

BeverleyHills19,andsodomanyofthefamousandwealthypeoplewhohavemadetheir

homesinsouthernCalifornia.ThereisalsotheattractiveHolly-woodBow20,thehuge

outdooramphitheaterwhereeverysummersince1922t6Sym-phoniesundertheStars”are

playedbyAmerica'sbestorchestrasbeforepackedaudiences.

9Hollywood,aboveall,hastheglamourofthepast.Itisanamewhichwillalwaysbe

associatedwithmotionpicturemaking,andformanyyearstocometheoldHollywood

movieswillbeshownagainandagaininmoviehousesandtelevisionscreensalloverthe

world.

ParagraphX

Questions

1)Whatmainfactsarementionedinthefirstparagraph?

Hollywoodsuggestsaglamorousplacewheretoyoungstar-struckteenagers,whilealuxury

placetobigmoviestarswhoaremillionaires.

2)Pleasepointoutthecontrastmentionedinthefirstparagraph.

Manyofthebigmoviestarsbecamemillionaires,livinginluxurioushouseswithvast

palm-fringedswimmingpools,spendingtheirfortunesonyachts,Rolls-Roycesanddiamonds.But

afewofthemlosttheirglamoursuddenlyandwereleftwithnothingbutemptinessandcolossal

debts.

3)TherearemanywordsusedinthisparagraphtobuildanimageofHollywood.Pleasefindthem

out,andthinkaboutwhytheauthorusesthesewords?

Thosewordsare:glamour,luxurious,vast,palm-fringed,cocktail,furnishings,yachts,

Rolls-Royces,diamonds.Allthesewordsmayvividlybuildanextravagantimageof

Hollywoodlife.

WordsandExpressions

1.glamour:几，

1)theexcitingandcharmingqualityofsth.unusualorspecial,withamagicalpowerofattraction

e.g.Foreigntravelhasneverlostitsglamourforme.

对我来说，出国旅游从未失去它的魅力.

Sheisalwaysattractedbytheglamourofajobinthepopmusicbusiness.

她总是被流行音乐行业的魅力所吸引。

2)strongpersonalattraction,esp.sexuallyexcitingbeauty,whichexcitesadmiration

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e.g.Sophiaaddedatouchofglamourbywearingabeautifuldress.

索菲亚换了一件漂亮的裙子，更增添了一份魅力。

Derivations:

glamorous:adj.

glamorize:vt.

Synonyms:

attractiveness,charm

2.fulfill:vt.

1)carryoutapromise;satisfyadesire,prayer,etc.

e.g.Thatmanoftenfailstofulfillhispromise,soheisnottrusted.

那个人经常不履行诺言，所以失去了信任。

Ifheislazy,hewillneverfulfillhisambitiontobeadoctor.

如果他懒惰，将永远不会实现成为一名医生的抱负。

2)performorcarryoutaduty,task,etc.;answerorsatisfyaneedorpurpose

e.g.Theconditionsofthecontractmustbefulfilledexactly.

合同的条件必须严格履行。

Anursehasmanydutiestofulfillincaringforthesick.

护士在照顾病人方面要履行许多职责。

3)finishorcompleteaperiodorpieceofwork

e.g.Theyfulfilledtheirproject30daysaheadoftime.

他们提前30天完成了项目。

Derivations:

fulfilled:adj.

fulfillment:n.

Comparison:fulfill,realize

realize:makeactualorrealsomethingthathaspreviouslyexistedonlyasaplanordesire

Collocation:

fulfilloneself:fullydevelopone'sabilitiesandcharacter

e.g.Hewasabletofulfillhimselfthroughmusic.

他能通过音乐充分发挥自己的才能。

Exercise:Choosetheproperwordinitsappropriateformtofilleachblankinthefollowing

sentences.

fulfillrealize

1)Theyalltheboss'sdemandsjusttopleasehim.(fulfilled)

2)Itwasreallydishearteningthatourworstfearswere.(realized)

3)Thetravellinglibraryanimportantneedfbrpeoplewholiveincountryareas,(fulfills)

3.colossal:adj.extremelylarge;ofimmensesize;remarkable;splendid

e.g.Itrequiresgovernmentspendingonacolossalscale.

它需要政府大规模支出。

Derivation:

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colossus:n.

Synonyms:

remarkable;splendid

Antonym:

small

Sentence

1.Hollywoodsuggestsglamour,aplacewheretheyoungstar-struckteenagerscould,witha

bitofluck,fulfilltheirdreams.(Paragraph1)

Explanation:Tomostpeople,Hollywoodmeansexcitementandattraction,aplacewhereyoung

teenagers,deeplyfascinatedbybigstars,could,withabitofluck,realizetheirdreams.

Translation.好莱坞意味着魅力，是那些憧憬靠小运气就能成为大明星的少男少女们美梦成

真的地方。

Activity:MakingaStory

Direction:Makeashortstorybygroupdiscussion.Usethewords“glamour,fulfill,colossal”in

Paragraph1.Therepresentativefromeachgroupshouldtellthestoryinfrontoftheclassandwill

bejudgedbyothergroups.

Paragraphs2-8

Questions

1)WhatdoyouknowaboutthehistoryofHollywoodandwhendiditreachitsgreatestsuccess?

(Paragraph2)

A：MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWorldWarIwithahistoryofabout100years.

Hollywoodreacheditspeakinthe1930sand1940s,thegoldendaysofblackandwhitemovies.

2)Couldalltheambitiousyoungmenandwomenfromallovertheworldrealizetheirdreams

whentheycametoHollywood?(Paragraph3)

A：No.Occasionallytheygotjobs,iftheywereluckyenoughtobenoticed.Manyofthegirls

gotjobsincafesorgasstations.Butmostofthemhopedinvain.

3)WhatdoyouknowaboutHollywoodstudiosandthestudiochiefs?(Paragraphs4-5)

A:Thestudiochiefs“persuaded“thestarstosignseven-yearcontractstobuilduptheirimages.

Thestarswerenotentitledtochoosetheirpartswhilethechiefsdecidedeverythingasatyrant.

TheHollywoodstudiosturnedstarletsintosuperstarsbyadvertising.

4)WhydoestheauthorusequotationmarksforthewordpersuadedinParagraph4?(Paragraph4)

A:Theauthorusesquotationmarkstosuggestthatthestarswereactuallyforcedtosign

seven-yearcontracts.

5)Whydoestheauthorsaystudiochiefsweretyrants?(Paragraph5)

A:Theyweredeterminedtogettheirownwayatallcosts,nomatterhowunscrupulousthe

means.

6)Howdoyouunderstandthestatementthatstarswereoftentypecast?(Paragraph6)

A:Astaractstheroleaccordingtotheimpressionheorsheleftonthepublic.

7)WhyHollywoodisnolongertheheartoftheworld'smotionpictureindustry?(Paragraph7)

A:Becausemostmoviestodayarefilmedonlocation,thatistosay,inthecities,inthe

countrysideandinanypartoftheworldthatthescriptdemands.

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WordsandExpressions

4.constant:adj.

1)fixedorunchanging;invariable

e.g.Pressureinthecontainerremainsconstant.

容器内的压力保持不变。

2)continuallyhappeningorrepeated;regular

e.g.Theentranceisinconstantuse;donotlockit.

这个入口经常使用，不要锁上。

3)loyal;faithful

e.g.Sheisaconstantfriendofmine.

她是我忠实的朋友。

Derivation:

constancy:n.

Synonym:

continuous

Comparison:constant,continuous

continuous:refeixingexclusivelytosomethingthatisunbrokenthroughoutitsentirelength,

greatorsmall,whetheritsextensionisthroughtimeorspace.

Exercise:Choosetheproperwordtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences.

constantcontinuous

1)Despiteitslargepopulation,therateofpopulationincreaseofIndiahasbeen

inrecentyears.(constant)

2)Manystudentspreferassessmenttoaonce-for-allapproach,(continuous)

3)Thisvideoplayerprovideshigh-speeddubbingandplayfacility,(continuous)

5.site:n./vt.

1)thepieceoflandonwhichsomethingislocated(oristobelocated)/aplacewheresomething

importantorinterestinghappened

e.g.Itwasrebuiltonthesiteoftheoldbuilding.

它是在旧楼的原址上重建的。

2)assignalocationto

e.g.Therectoryissitedbehindthechurch.

教区长的住宅位于教堂后面。

Synonym:

location/spot/install

6.peak:n.

1)asharplypointedmountaintop;awholemountainwithapointedtop；thehighestpoint,level

e.g.Theplaneflewoverthesnow-coveredmountainpeaks.

飞机飞过白雪覆盖的山峰。

2)thehighestpoint,level,value,rate,etc.;atimeofgreatestsuccess

e.g.Trafficreachesapeakbetween8and9inthemorning.

早上8点到9点是交通高峰期。

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She'satthepeakofhercareer.

她正处于事业的巅峰。

Comparisons:peak,summit,climax

summit:thetopofamountain,orameetingbetweenheadsofgovernment

climax:themostexciting,important,oreffectivepartinastory,experience,setofevents,etc,

esneartheend

Exercise:Choosetheproperwordtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences.

peaksummitclimax

1)DemandforcoalisatitsinJanuaryandFebruary,(peak)

2)Westernleadersaregatheringforthisweek'sOttawa.(summit)

3)Hisfirstbookwaspublishedwhenhewasattheofhispowers,(peak)

4)Theofthefilmisabrilliantcarchase,(climax)

7.immortal:adj.thatwillneverdie;thatwillliveforever;thatwillcontinueorberemembered

foralongtime

e.g.Thesoulisimmortal.

灵魂是不朽的。

Shakespearewrotemanyimmortalplays.

莎士比亚写了许多不朽的戏剧。

Derivations:

immortality:n.

immortalize:v.

Antonym:

mortal

e.g.Allhumanbeingsaremortal.

人皆有一死。

8.ambitious:adj.

1)havingastrongdesireforsuccess,power,wealth,etc.

e.g.Heisanambitiousyoungman,studyinghardtobeascientist.

他是一个雄心勃勃的年轻人，努力学习，想成为科学家。

2)showingorresultingfromadesiretodosth.difficultorsth.thatdemandsgreateffort,unusual

skill,etc.

e.g.Hisnextproductionwasaveryambitiousmusical.

他的下一部作品是一部野心勃勃的音乐剧。

Derivation:

ambitiously:adv.

ambitiousness:n.

ambition:n.

Antonym:

unambitious

Translation:

有抱负的学生才能取得最好的成绩。

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Onlyambitiousstudentscangetbestmarks.

他推出的下一部作品是难度很大的音乐喜剧。

Hisnextproductionwasaveryambitiousmusicalcomedy.

9.recommend:v.

1)praiseasbeinggoodforapurpose;provideinformationaboutsb.orsth.

e.g.Whatwouldyourecommendforremovinginkstains?

你对去除墨迹有什么建议？

Shewasstronglyrecommendedforthepost.

她被大力推荐担任这个职务。

2)adviseorsuggestasacorrectorsuitablecourseofaction

e.g.Iwouldn'trecommendyoutogotherealone.

我不建议你一个人去那里。

Irecommendthatyouresign.

我建议你辞职。

Derivations:

recommendatory:adj.

recommender:n.

recommendation:n.

recommendable:adj.

Collocations:

recommendsb./sth.(tosb.)

recommendsb.for/assth.

recommendthat...

itisrecommendedthat...

torecommendsb.todosth.

torecommenddoingst.

10.persuade:v.

1)makesb.willingtodosth.byreasoning,arguing,repeatedlyasking

e.g.Youtryandpersuadehertocomeoutwithus.

你试着说服她和我们一起出门。

Howcanwepersuadehimintojoiningus?

我们怎样才能说服他加入我们？

Hepersuadedhisdaughtertochangehermind

他说服女儿改变主意。

2)causetobelieveorfeelcertain;convince

e.g.Iamnotfullypersuadedbytheevidence.

我没有完全被这些证据说服。

Wearepersuadedofthejusticeofhercase.

我们相信她的案件是公正的。

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Derivations:

persuasion:n.

persuasiveness:n.

persuasive:adj.

persuasively:adj.

persuadable:adj.

Collocations:

o/outofsth.

persuadesb.ofsth.

Comparisons:persuade,convince

persuade:tomakesomeoneagreetodosomethingbygivingthemgoodreasonsfordoingit.

convince:tomakesomeonebelievethatsomethingistrue.

Itisquitecommon,however,foreachofthesewordstobeusedwithbothmeanings,

especiallyforconvincetobeusedasasynonymforpersuade.ButsomespeakersofBrEthink

thatthisisnotcorrect.

Exercise:Choosetheproperwordtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences,

persuadeconvince

1)Itriedtohertoseeadoctor,(persuade)

2)Hehadfinallyseveralcustomersoftheadvantagesofhisproduct,(convinced)

3)Hemehewasright,(convince)

4)Ittriestolocalpeopletogrowtheirownfoodandeatmorehealthily,(persuade)

11.expertly:adv.inawaytypicalofanexpert;inaskillfulmanner

e.g.NeverhaveIseenanyonehandlesuchatoughsituationasexpertlyashe.

他如此熟练地处理如此棘手的局面，真是罕见。

Derivations:

expert:n./adj.

expertness:n.

expertise:n.

Collocations:

expertat/in/onsth./doingsth.

e.g.Heisexpertat/incookinggoodcheapmeals.

他擅长做价廉物美的饭菜。

Synonym:

skillfully

12.candidate:someonewhoisbeingconsideredforajoboriscompetinginanelection

e.g.Iproposedhimfor(as)candidate.

我建议他作为候选人。

Synonym:

examinee

Derivations:

candidacy:n.

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13.presidency:thepositionofbeingthepresidentofacountryororganization,ortheperiodof

timeduringwhichsomeoneispresident.

e.g.1)RooseveltwaselectedfourtimestothepresidencyoftheUS.

罗斯福四次当选美国总统。

2)HewasaWhiteHouseofficialduringtheBushpresidency.

他在布什总统任期内是白宫官员。

Derivations:

presidential:adj.

president:n.

presidentship:n.

14.atallcosts:atanycost;whateverthecost;nomatterwhatthecost

e.g.Wemustatallcostspreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan.

我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们发现这个计划。

Wemustavoidwaratallcosts.

我们必须不惜一切代价避免战争。

Phrases:

atthecostof:involvingthelossorsacrificeofsth.

toone'scost:fromone'sownunpleasantexperience

Exercise:Choosetheproperphrasetofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences.

atallcoststoone'scostatthecostof

1)AsIlearnedwhenIwasillinNewYork,youshouldalwaystakeoutmedical

insurancebeforeyougoabroad.(tomycost)

2)Wemustwinthegame.(atallcosts)

3)Shesavedhimfromdrowningbutonlyherownlife.(atthecostof)

15.unscrupulous:completelywithoutprinciples;notcaringabouthonestyorfairnessinorderto

getwhatonewants

e.g.Hebecameamillionairebyresortingtounscrupulousmethods.

他靠不择手段成了百万富翁。

Derivations:

unscrupulously:adv.

unscrupulousness:n.

16.arguing:acontentiousspeechact;adisputewherethereisstrongdisagreement.

e.g.Whatareyouarguingwiththemabout?

你在和他们争论什么？

Derivations