2022-2023学年江苏省南通市海门中学高三上学期期中测试英语试题

江苏省海门中学2023届高三年级第一学期期中测试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatwillthewomandotonight?A．Stayathomealone.B．Gotothegym.C．Exerciseinthepark.2．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Howtocleanapieceofclothing.B．Whatdresstobuyfortheirmother.C．Wheretobuyanewwashingmachine.3．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Ontheplane.B．Inarestaurant.C．Inasupermarket.4．HowdoesLucyprobablyfeelaboutthebook?A．It’scomplicated.B．It’sworthreading.C．It’sjustso-so.5．WhatwilltheweatherprobablybelikenextMonday?A．Sunny.B．Windy.C．Rainy.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whywasthewomanunabletoseethethief’sface?A．Heworeamask.B．Theroomwastoodark.C．Shewastoofrightened.7．Wherearethespeakersprobably?A．Atahospital.B．Atthewoman’shouse.C．Atapolicestation.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A．Gotothedinnerparty.B．Chooseadressforher.C．Helpherwritetheinvitations.9．Whatdoweknowabouttheparty?A．Itisacasualparty.B．Itisaformalparty.C．Fourcoupleswillattendit.10．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Colleagues.C．Neighbors.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheredcar?A．It’sthelatestone.B．Itcomeswitharadio.C．Itusesnewenergy.12．Whichcardoesthemanprefer?A．Theblackone.B．Theredone.C．Theblueone.13．Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A．Giveupbuyingacar.B．Sellhismotorcycle.C．Bargainwiththewoman.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Howlonghasthewomanbeenonabusinesstrip?A．10days.B．Twoweeks.C．Fourweeks.15．Wheredoesthewoman’ssonwork?A．Inahospital.B．Inauniversity.C．Inaprimaryschool.16．Whatdoestheman’sdaughterdo?A．She’sanurse.B．She’sastudent.C．She’saprofesser.17．Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A．Boardthetrain.B．Goshopping.C．Givethemansomewater.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．WhatdoesToledousuallyusetocreatehisworks?A．Usedmasks.B．Plastic.C．Metal.19．WhatdidToledodoayearago?A．Hespentoveraweekinhospital.B．Hemadeclothesforthemusical“Evita”.C．Hemadea40-metermaskwiththeArgentineflag.20．Whatisthenewshow“MuseumoftheAfter”about?A．Newkindsofartwork.B．TheworldduringCOVID-19.C．Thehopeofbuildingmorephysicalmuseums.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIn1970,AmericanmagicianRickJohnssontheorizedthatwhenmagictricksseemtooperfect,audiencesarelessimpressedandcaneasilyfigureouttheirsecrets.Johnssonknewfewpeoplebelievedmagicianshadsupernaturalpowersbecausetheyfeelcertainthereisarationalexplanationformagic,andit’softenscience.What’sthesciencebehindpopularmagictricks?Let’stakealook.Levitating(悬浮)objectsApopulartrickismakingobjectslevitate,withsmallerobjectsbeingespeciallyeasyto“fly”.Totheviewer,thelevitatingobjectmayseemtoresistgravity,butthere’sasimpleexplanation—quantum(量子)physics.Magicianscoatanobjectinalayerofmagneticpaintandplaceitontopofasuperconductorcooledbyliquidnitrogen.Theopposingforcescausetheobjecttofloatabovethesuperconductor.VanishingliquidsManymagicianscanmakeliquidsdisappear.Theexplanationissimple—chemistry.Sodiumpolyacrylate,alsoknownas“waterlock”,isachennicalcompoundthatcanabsorbliquids.It’susedineverydayproductssuchasbabydiapers.What’smagicalaboutthiscompoundisthatitcanabsorb100to1000timesitsmassinliquid.Whenamagicianpourswaterintoacuplinedwithsodiumpolyacrylate,thewaterisquicklyabsorbed.BurningpaperAnotherinterestingtrickiswhenmagicianssetpaperonfire,itremainsundamaged.Magicianscanevenusemoneyinthistrick.However,there’sascientificexplanation-chemistry!Theitemisdippedinamixtureofalcoholandwaterbeforethetrick.Whenit’slitonfire,thealcoholcoveringthepaperbeginstoburn.Alcoholburnsandchangesintogasatamuchlowertemperaturethanwater,sothewaterprotectsthepaperfromburning.1.Whereisthispassagemostlikelyfrom?A.Sciencefiction. B.Atextbook. C.Thepopularpress. D.Anewsreport.2.WhatmaybeinvolvedinLevitatingobjects?A.Waterlockandasuperconductor. B.Magnetsandlowtemperatures.C.Paintsandsomeliquidhydrogen. D.Babydiapersandliquidnitrogen.3Whatwillhappenifpaperpreviouslysoakedinthemixtureofalcoholandwaterislit?A.Thepaperwillbeundamaged. B.Thealcoholwillbeunchanged.C.Thepaperwillchangeintogas. D.Thealcoholwillsoonturnintoash.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要提出一个理论，当魔术看起来太完美时，观众就不太会被打动，很容易就能发现它们的秘密，并解释了魔术的一些原理。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In1970,AmericanmagicianRickJohnssontheorizedthatwhenmagictricksseemtooperfect,audiencesarelessimpressedandcaneasilyfigureouttheirsecrets.Johnssonknewfewpeoplebelievedmagicianshadsupernaturalpowersbecausetheyfeelcertainthereisarationalexplanationformagic,andit’softenscience.(1970年，美国魔术师RickJohnsson提出理论，当魔术看起来太完美时，观众就不太会被打动，很容易就能发现它们的秘密。Johnsson知道，很少有人相信魔术师有超自然的力量，因为他们确信魔法有理性的解释，而且通常是科学。)”以及下文举例解释了一些魔术的原理可知，文章介绍了一些读者可能感兴趣的魔术原理，贴近人们的生活。所以该文章是选自大众媒体读物。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Totheviewer,thelevitatingobjectmayseemtoresistgravity,butthere’sasimpleexplanation—quantum(量子)physics.Magicianscoatanobjectinalayerofmagneticpaintandplaceitontopofasuperconductorcooledbyliquidnitrogen.Theopposingforcescausetheobjecttofloatabovethesuperconductor.(对于观众来说，悬浮物体似乎可以抵抗重力，但有一个简单的解释——量子物理学。魔术师在一个物体上涂上一层磁性涂料，然后把它放在一个由液氮冷却的超导体上。相反的力使物体漂浮在超导体上方。)”可知，和悬浮的的物体相关的是磁性和低温。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theitemisdippedinamixtureofalcoholandwaterbeforethetrick.Whenit’slitonfire,thealcoholcoveringthepaperbeginstoburn.Alcoholburnsandchangesintogasatamuchlowertemperaturethanwater,sothewaterprotectsthepaperfromburning.(在魔术开始前，道具会浸在酒精和水的混合物中。当它被点燃时，覆盖在纸上的酒精开始燃烧。酒精燃烧后会在比水低得多的温度下变成气体，所以水可以保护纸张不被燃烧。)”可知，如果纸张提前在酒精和水的混合物中浸泡再点燃的话，纸张不会被点燃。故选A。BOneoftheimprov(即兴表演)classesIattendedregularlywastaughtbyJimCrannaeverySaturdayafternoon.Sometimes,asmanyastwenty-fivetosixty-plusfolksshowedup.Jimmadesuretofiteveryoneinsotheycouldimprovetheirskills.Theclasslastedforthreehours.Theusualcastofcomicactorsplayedimprovcomedygames.Andwewouldgotothenearestminimarketlocatedinthebuildingandgetasnackorcoffeeduringbreaks.Onedaythreeofuswerestandingoutsidethebuilding,whenRobinWilliams-aninternationallyfamousactorandcomicwalkedby,enjoyingthefreshbayair.Completelyfrozen,myfellowcomicscouldn’tsummonupthecouragetojustsay“hi”toRobin,whowaswithafriend.Ifrozeforamoment,butthenIcomposedmyself.Itoldthem,“Hey,ifyouguyscan’thandleit,thenIwillaskhimtocomeandjoinusforthesecondhalfofclass.”Icouldhearthemmumbleundertheirbreath,“Yeah,sure,right.You’regoingtoaskRobinWilliamstocometoourcomedyclass.Goodluckwiththatone!”SoIwentuptoRobinandhisfriendandaskedhimtojoinus.“We’rehavinganimprovcomedyclass.We’reonbreaknow,butwewouldbemosthumbledandhonoredifyouwouldjoinusforthesecondhalfoftheclass.”Robinlookeddirectlyinmyeyesandsaidwithlittlehesitation,“Okay.”Itwaslikeagrown-upchildbeingaskedtocomeandplay.Withthat,heandhisfriendfollowedmeuptotheclass.WhenhesawRobin,Jimsaid,“Ohmygoodness,lookwhoMichelineisbringingtoclass.”Jim’seyeswereallreddeninginastonishmentanddelight.“Why,it’sRobinWilliams!”Robinandhisfriendstayedtherestoftheclassandattheendoftheclasses,RobinandJimperformedaskit(滑稽短剧).Weactuallywatchedhimshape-shiftashepreparedphysicallyandmentallyforhismade-upcharacter.Hegaveithisall.Itwastrulymagical.WhatadelightforallofusthatSaturdayafternoon!AllIknowisthatifIhadn’tmusteredupthecouragetoaskRobintojoinus,noneofuswouldhavehadthatexperience.4.Whatdidtheauthorwanttoshowbytellingtheexperience?A.Everycloudhasasilverlining. B.It’snevertoolatetomend.C.Abraveattemptishalfsuccess. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compose”meaninparagraph2?A.Lookdown. B.Makeup. C.Pickup. D.Calmdown.6.WhatdidRobinWilliamsdoinourclass?A.Heperformedaromanticcomedywithhisfriend.B.Hewenttogreatlengthstolookseriousandrigid.C.Heimpresseduswithhiswonderfulperformance.D.Hegavealectureonplayingimprovcomedygames.7.WhatkindofpersonwasRobinWilliamsmostlikelytobe?A.Strictbuthelpful. B.Popularbutvain.C.Outgoingbutsensitive. D.Well-knownbutapproachable.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的一次经历，作者在上即兴表演课程时，在休息的偶遇着名的喜剧演员并鼓起勇气邀请他来为作者他们上喜剧课。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，作者和同学们偶遇着名喜剧演员却都不敢上前打招呼，最后作者鼓起勇气开口打招呼，并邀请这名喜剧演员为他们上戏剧课。结果该喜剧演员不仅同意了作者的请求，还给了他们精彩的表演。由此推知，文章想告诉我们的是尝试就有可能成功。A.Everycloudhasasilverlining黑暗中总有一线光明；B.It’snevertoolatetomend亡羊补牢，犹未晚也；C.Abraveattemptishalfsuccess勇敢的尝试是成功的一半；D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords事实胜于雄辩。故选C。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Ifrozeforamoment,(我愣了一会儿)”以及下一句“Itoldthem,“Hey,ifyouguyscan’thandleit,thenIwillaskhimtocomeandjoinusforthesecondhalfofclass.”(我告诉他们，“嘿，如果你们搞不定，那我就叫他来和我们一起上下半节课。”)”可知，作者一开始也不太敢上前邀请Robin，但是后来还是开口了，说明作者是稳定了一下情绪。由此推知，划线词compose与calmdown(镇定)意思接近。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Robinandhisfriendstayedtherestoftheclassandattheendoftheclasses,RobinandJimperformedaskit(滑稽短剧).Weactuallywatchedhimshape-shiftashepreparedphysicallyandmentallyforhismade-upcharacter.Hegaveithisall.Itwastrulymagical.(Robin和他的朋友留下来上了剩下的课，在课结束时，Robin和Jim表演了一个滑稽短剧。我们真的看到了他在身体和精神上为他虚构的角色做准备时的变化。他为此尽了全力。这真的很神奇)”可知，作者及其同学们对Robin的表演印象很深刻。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Onedaythreeofuswerestandingoutsidethebuilding,whenRobinWilliams-aninternationallyfamousactorandcomicwalkedby,enjoyingthefreshbayair.(有一天，我们三个人站在大楼外面，国际着名演员兼喜剧演员RobinWilliams走过，享受着海湾的新鲜空气)”可知，RobinWilliams很出名；再根据第三段“Robinlookeddirectlyinmyeyesandsaidwithlittlehesitation,“Okay.”(Robin直视着我的眼睛，毫不犹豫地说：“好的。”)”可知，Robin是个平易近人的人。故选D。CSpeakingfromhishomeinLahore,theprimeministerofPakistan,ShehbazSharifsaidheshouldnotbeforcedtogooutwitha“beggingbowl”torichpollutingnationsafterthefloodsthathavedestroyedthecountryandsaidhewouldbeseeking“climatejustice”fromtheinternationalcommunity.SharifwarnedthatPakistanwasfacinganunprecedentedcrisisofhealth,foodsccurityandinternaldisplacementafterfloodsputathirdofPakistan’sregionsunderwater.Someareaswerehitby1.7mofrainfall,thehighestonrecord.Scientistshavedeterminedthefloodswereduetoclimatebreakdown.AsPakistanisresponsiblefor0.8%ofglobalcarbonemissions,Sharifsaiditwasthe“responsibilityofthedevelopedcountries,whocausedtheseemissions,tostandbyus.”Tillnow,theofficialdeathtollfromthefloodsis1,600,thoughmanyestimatesonthegroundhavebeenhigher.Morethan9millionpeoplehavebeendisplacedandover2millionhomesdestroyed,andmillionsoffamilieshavebeenforcedtoliveinmakeshiftsheltersonroadsides.Theextentofthedamagehasbeenputatbetween$30bn(f26bn)and$35bn,butSharifsaiditwas“aroughestimate,itcouldbemore”,withmorethan19,000milesofroadsdestroyedalongwithbridges,railwaysandpowerlines,aswellas4mhectares(10macres)ofcropswashedaway.“Letmebeclear,thisisaboutclimatejustice,”saidSharif.ShouldIbeaskedtocastmyappealintoabeggingbowl?That’sunjust,unfair.Pakistan’ssufferinghascapturedtheattentionoftheinternationalcommunity.Lastmonth,theUSpresident,JoeBiden,usedhisspeechattheUNgeneralassemblyinNewYorktourgecountriestohelpPakistan,andtheleadersoftheUK,France,SaudiArabia,Chinaandmorehavegivenmillionsindonationsandpledgedfurthersupport.Sharifsaidwhilehewasgratefulforthe“verytouchingwordsandstatements”,butwhatismoreimportantispracticaldemonstrationofthesestatementsintoaction”.Sharifpointedtotheunfulfilledpromisemadebyrichnationsadecadeagotocommit$100bnayearinaclimatefundforlessdevelopednations.“Theyshouldtakenoticeofthesituation,takeresponsibilitybeforethedamagebecomesirreparable—notjustforPakistan,butfortheworld.”8.Whatdoes“climatejustice”inparagraphonemeanaccordingtoSharif?A.Heshouldn’tbeforcedtogooutbegging.B.Theglobalclimatechangebringsaboutthedisaster.C.Developingcountriesshouldpartlybetoblameforthecrisis.D.Developedcountriesshouldassumeresponsibilitiesforthefloods.9Howdoestheauthordevelopthethirdparagraph?A.Bymakingcontrasts. B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Byprovidingexamples. D.Bypresentingarguments.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Supportfromtheinternationalcommunityisfarfromenough.B.Richcountrieshavealreadyfulfilledtheirpromiseadecadeago.C.AUNclimatefundforlessdevelopednationsisthekeysolution.D.UShasgivenmillionsindonationsandpromisedfurthersupport.11.What’sthemainpurposeofSharif’sspeech?A.Tocriticizefalsestatements. B.Toappealforclimatejustice.C.Toaccuserichpollutioncountries. D.Tocallattentiontoclimatebreakdown.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴基斯坦在遭遇洪水之后，巴基斯坦总理认为发达国家应该为全球气候污染负责。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“SpeakingfromhishomeinLahore,theprimeministerofPakistan,ShehbazSharifsaidheshouldnotbeforcedtogooutwitha“beggingbowl”torichpollutingnationsafterthefloodsthathavedestroyedthecountryandsaidhewouldbeseeking“climatejustice”fromtheinternationalcommunity.(巴基斯坦总理ShehbazSharif在拉合尔的家中表示，在洪水摧毁了巴基斯坦之后，他不应该被迫向富裕的污染国家“乞讨”，并表示他将寻求国际社会的“气候正义”)”及第二段“AsPakistanisresponsiblefor0.8%ofglobalcarbonemissions,Sharifsaiditwasthe“responsibilityofthedevelopedcountries,whocausedtheseemissions,tostandbyus.Scientistshavedeterminedthefloodswereduetoclimatebreakdown.”(由于巴基斯坦的碳排放量占全球的0.8%，Sharif说，“造成这些排放的发达国家有责任支持我们。”科学家已经确定洪水是由气候崩溃引起的)”可知，Sharif所认为的气候正义指的是发达国家应对本次洪水灾难负责。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Tillnow,theofficialdeathtollfromthefloodsis1,600,thoughmanyestimatesonthegroundhavebeenhigher.Morethan9millionpeoplehavebeendisplacedandover2millionhomesdestroyed,andmillionsoffamilieshavebeenforcedtoliveinmakeshiftsheltersonroadsides.Theextentofthedamagehasbeenputatbetween$30bn(f26bn)and$35bn,butSharifsaiditwas“aroughestimate,itcouldbemore”,withmorethan19,000milesofroadsdestroyedalongwithbridges,railwaysandpowerlines,aswellas4mhectares(10macres)ofcropswashedaway.(到目前为止，官方公布的洪水死亡人数为1600人，不过现场的许多估计数字更高。900多万人流离失所，200多万所房屋被毁，数百万家庭被迫住在路边的临时避难所。据估计，此次地震造成的损失在300亿美元至350亿美元之间，但Sharif表示，这只是“一个粗略的估计，可能会更多”，超过19000英里的道路、桥梁、铁路和电线被毁，400万公顷(1000万英亩)的农作物被冲走)”可知，第三段主要使用了列数据的写作手法。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据根据第三段内容可知，巴基斯坦此次受灾情况严重；再根据第四段“Sharifsaidwhilehewasgratefulforthe“verytouchingwordsandstatements”,butwhatismoreimportantispracticaldemonstrationofthesestatementsintoaction”.(Sharif说，虽然他对“非常感人的话语和声明”表示感谢，但更重要的是将这些声明实际化为行动)”可推知，国际社会的支持还远远不够。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“SpeakingfromhishomeinLahore,theprimeministerofPakistan,ShehbazSharifsaidheshouldnotbeforcedtogooutwitha“beggingbowl”torichpollutingnationsafterthefloodsthathavedestroyedthecountryandsaidhewouldbeseeking“climatejustice”fromtheinternationalcommunity.(巴基斯坦总理谢ShehbazSharif在拉合尔的家中表示，在洪水摧毁了巴基斯坦之后，他不应该被迫向富裕的污染国家“乞讨”，并表示他将寻求国际社会的“气候正义”)”可知，Sharif演讲的主要目的是呼吁气候正义。故选B。DPlentyofpeoplehateneedlessimplybecausetheydonotwantthediscomfortofinjection.Anewinventioncouldhelp—forthosewhoareneedle-shy,howabouttakingapillinstead?

Twoofthemostsuccessfulcovid-19vaccines,fromPfizer-BioNTechandModerna,needtobeadministeredviainjectionsbecausetheiractiveingredientsarefragilemoleculesofmRNA,whichwouldbequicklydestroyedbyacidsinthestomachifadministeredorally.Awareofthesechallenges,RobertLangerandGiovanniTraverso,engineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),wonderedifitmightbepossibleinsteadtosendmRNAintothestomachinsideaprotectivecapsulethatisengineeredtoinjectpatientsfromtheinside,wheretheywouldfeelnothing.Thedevicetheyinventedisthesizeofalargepill,encasedingelatin(明胶)andshapedliketheshellofatortoise.Itcarriesaneedlethatisengineeredtostickintotheliningofthestomachonlywhenthedevice’sflatsectionsitsleveltoit.Andtheneedlecantheninjectitspayloadpainlesslyintothestomachwall.Theresearchersknew,however,thatthistrickalonewouldnotbeenoughforsafepassageofthedelicatemoleculesintocells.NakedmRNAisnotreadilytakenupbycells,butneedstobeencasedinsideaprotectiveenvelopetogainentry.So,toinvestigatefurther,theengineersworkedwithcolleaguesatMITandfoundthreepolymers(聚合物)thatcouldcarrythemRNApayloadssuccessfullyandalsosupportatransferintolivingcells.Theengineersloadedthesepolymer-encasedmRNAmoleculesintotheirturtle-shellpills,whichwerethenswallowedbysixmice.Asexpected,theysubsequentlyfoundevidencethatthemRNAhadtransferredsuccessfullyintothestomachtissueofallthemice.Theresearchersthenwentontotesttheirtechnologyonpigs,whichhavestomachsthatareverysimilartothosefoundinhumans.Theyintroducedtheirturtle-shellpillsintothreeanimalsandstudiedtheirstomachsadaylater.TwoshowedclearevidenceofthemRNAhavingenteredtheircells.Onedidnot.ThedeviceshowsthepotentialtogetmRNAintothebodywithouttheneedforanuncomfortableinjectioninthearm.Moreworkisneededtounderstandwhyonetrialinthepigsfailedtoyieldresults.12.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Theprotestoftheinjection. B.Thereasonsfortheresearch.C.Theapplicationoftheresearch. D.Thequalitiesofthevaccines.13.WhichaspectdoestheresearchfocusoninPara.4andPara.5?A.ThedeliveryofmRNA. B.Theprotectionofcells.C.Theclassificationofpolymers. D.Thetransformationofmolecules.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thoseneedle-shywillhaveinjectionwithoutfear.B.Thedevicewilldefinitelyhaveapromisingfuture.C.Furtherresearchneedstobeconductedontheidea.D.Theturtle-shellpillscanguaranteemoleculeactivity.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Anewwaytodeliverdelicatedrugs B.Pillstorelievesymptomsofcovid-19C.Theadministrationofcovid-19vaccine D.ResearchesonmoleculesofmRNA【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发明了一种药丸大小的装置，可以输送精细药物，以帮助那些怕针的人，让他们不需要体验注射药物带来的不适。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Plentyofpeoplehateneedlessimplybecausetheydonotwantthediscomfortofinjection.(很多人讨厌针，仅仅是因为他们不想要注射带来的不适)”以及第二段“Twoofthemostsuccessfulcovid-19vaccines,fromPfizer-BioNTechandModerna,needtobeadministeredviainjectionsbecausetheiractiveingredientsarefragilemoleculesofmRNA,whichwouldbequicklydestroyedbyacidsinthestomachifadministeredorally.(两种最成功的新冠肺炎疫苗来自辉瑞生物科技公司和摩德纳公司，需要通过注射进行接种，因为它们的活性成分是脆弱的mRNA分子，如果口服，会被胃酸快速破坏)”可知，前两段主要介绍了研究人员开展研究的原因。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Itcarriesaneedlethatisengineeredtostickintotheliningofthestomachonlywhenthedevice’sflatsectionsitsleveltoit.Andtheneedlecantheninjectitspayloadpainlesslyintothestomachwall.(它携带一根针，只有当设备的扁平部分与之平齐时，针才能插入胃壁。然后，针可以将有效载荷无痛地注入胃壁)”以及第五段“NakedmRNAisnotreadilytakenupbycells,butneedstobeencasedinsideaprotectiveenvelopetogainentry.So,toinvestigatefurther,theengineersworkedwithcolleaguesatMITandfoundthreepolymersthatcouldcarrythemRNApayloadssuccessfullyandalsosupportatransferintolivingcells.(裸mRNA不易被细胞吸收，但需要被包裹在保护膜内才能进入。因此，为了进一步研究，工程师们与麻省理工学院的同事合作，发现了三种聚合物，它们可以成功携带mRNA有效载荷，并支持转移到活细胞中)”可知，第四段和第五段主要介绍的研究重点是mRNA的输送方式。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“TwoshowedclearevidenceofthemRNAhavingenteredtheircells.Onedidnot.(两个显示出mRNA已经进入细胞的明显证据。一个没有)”以及最后一段“Moreworkisneededtounderstandwhyonetrialinthepigsfailedtoyieldresults.(需要更多的工作来理解为什么在猪身上进行的一次试验未能产生结果)”可知，该项研究仍有不明确的地方，所以需要对这一想法进行进一步研究。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Awareofthesechallenges,RobertLangerandGiovanniTraverso,engineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),wonderedifitmightbepossibleinsteadtosendmRNAintothestomachinsideaprotectivecapsulethatisengineeredtoinjectpatientsfromtheinside,wheretheywouldfeelnothing.(意识到这些挑战，麻省理工学院（MIT）的工程师罗伯特·兰格和乔瓦尼·特拉沃想知道，是否有可能将mRNA发送到一个保护性胶囊内的胃中，该胶囊设计用于从内部为患者注射，在那里他们不会有任何感觉)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员发明了一种药丸大小的装置，可以输送精细药物，以帮助那些怕针的人，让他们不需要体验注射药物带来的不适。由此可知，“一种新的输送精细药物的方法”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Happinessisworkinprogressbuteveryone'sprocessisdifferent.Manypeopleblametheirownunhappinessonuncontrollablecircumstances,situationsorotherpeople.____16____Noonecantakeawayyourhappinesswithoutyourpermission.Hereareafewthingsthatanyofuscanstartdoingtofeelmorehappinessinourlives.Findflowexperiences____17____Beingconsumedbyataskoractivity,wherenothingelsematters,isastateofbeingcalledFlow.Toexperiencehappinesswithoutpursuingit,embracedailyhappyhabits.Whenyourbrainbuildsexpectationsaboutwhatwillmakeyouhappy,itbeginstoadjustitselftoseekmorehappyhabits.Expressgratitudeus.____whoaregratefulfeelbetteraboutthemselvesandtheyalsoshowhigherlevelsofhappiness.Gratitudecanhelpusfeelmoreconnectedtotheworldaroundus.____18____Peoplewhointentionallycultivategratitudeshowgreaterneuralsensitivityinthemedialprefrontalcortex,abrainregionassociatedwithlearning,rationalthinking,anddecisionmaking.Developmeaningfulrelationshipslife.____alrelationshipsarethemostconsistentpredictorofahappylife.Satisfyingrelationshipsnotonlymakepeoplehappy,buttheyalsoassociatedwithbetterhealthandevenlongerlife.____19____Whentheyarepositivewefeelhappiness,contentment,andcalm.Whenrelationshipsbringouttheworstinusortheyarenon-existent,wefeelanxious,depressed,andlonely.Liveinthemomentnotice.____elyhardtobehappywhenyouspendmostofyourtimeworryingaboutthepastorlivinginfearofthefuture.Lifeisunfolding,butwearetoooccupiedtonotice.____20____Thesimplethingsarethemostextraordinarythingsthatsometimesmakelifeeasytomanage.A.So,enjoythelittlejoysinlifewhenyoufindthem.B.Practicingitcanalsohelpmakechangesinourbrains.C.Butthetruthisthatourhappinessisourownresponsibility.D.Itisastateofactive,open,intentionalattentiononthepresent.E.Besides,theyareconnectedtosomeofourstrongestemotions.F.Haveyoueverlostyourselfinsomethingsomuchthatyoulosttrackoftime?G.Everydaypresentsanopportunitytotrysomethingthatcanmakeyougrateful.【答案】16.C17.F18.B19.E20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何让我们的生活更快乐的一些方法。【16题详解】根据空后“Noonecantakeawayyourhappinesswithoutyourpermission.(没有你的允许，没有人能夺走你的幸福。)”可知，幸福是由自己来决定的。选项C“Butthetruthisthatourhappinessisourownresponsibility.(但事实是我们的幸福是我们自己的责任。)”与下文内容一致。故选C。【17题详解】根据空后“Beingconsumedbyataskoractivity,wherenothingelsematters,isastateofbeingcalledFlow.(沉浸在某一个任务或活动之中，其他都不重要，这是一种被称为流的状态。)”可知，所谓流的状态指的是沉浸在某一件事中。选项F“Haveyoueverlostyourselfinsomethingsomuchthatyoulosttrackoftime?(你是否曾经在某件事上太过迷失自己以至于忘记了时间？)”与下文内容一致，引出了下文对“Flow”这一概念的解释。故选F。【18题详解】根据上文“Gratitudecanhelpusfeelmoreconnectedtotheworldaroundus.(感恩能让我们与周围的世界更紧密地联系在一起。)”可知，上文讲的是感恩的对社交的好处；而空后“Peoplewhointentionallycultivategratitudeshowgreaterneuralsensitivityinthemedialprefrontalcortex,abrainregionassociatedwithlearning,rationalthinking,anddecisionmaking.(有意培养感恩的人在内侧前额叶皮层表现出更强的神经敏感性，这是一个与学习、理性思考和决策相关的大脑区域。)”指出培养感恩给大脑带来的改变。选项B“Practicingitcanalsohelpmakechangesinourbrains.(练习它也有助于改变我们的大脑。)”承上启下，“also”暗示上文讲的是感恩的好处，同时又引出下文对大脑的好处，符合上下文。故选B。【19题详解】根据空前“Satisfyingrelationshipsnotonlymakepeoplehappy,buttheyalsoassociatedwithbetterhealthandevenlongerlife.(令人满意的人际关系不仅让人快乐，还能让人更健康，甚至更长寿。)”可知，上文讲的是令人满意的人际关系给身体上带来的好处；而空后“Whentheyarepositivewefeelhappiness,contentment,andcalm.Whenrelationshipsbringouttheworstinusortheyarenon-existent,wefeelanxious,depressed,andlonely.(当他们是积极的，我们感到幸福，满足和平静。当一段关系把我们最坏的一面展现出来或者根本不存在时，我们就会感到焦虑、沮丧和孤独。)”则讲述了良好的人际关系带来的情绪上的影响。选项E“Besides,theyareconnectedtosomeofourstrongestemotions.(此外，它们与我们一些最强烈的情感有关。)”与下文内容一致。故选E。【20题详解】根据空后的“Thesimplethingsarethemostextraordinarythingsthatsometimesmakelifeeasytomanage.(简单的事情往往是最不平凡的事情，有时会使生活变得容易管理。)”可知，下文指的是生活中的简单小事很重要。选项A“So,enjoythelittlejoysinlifewhenyoufindthem.(所以，当你发现生活中的小快乐时，就好好享受吧。)”与下文内容一致，符合文意。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空处的最佳选项。Myfatherwasthegentlest,mostlovingdadintheworld——untilwehadanargument.Duringthosemoments,hetransformedintoa____21____man.Mywordsneverreachedhis“openmind”becausehisearswere____22____.Hespokewithsuch____23____thatitwaseasytobegintodoubtmyownpointofview.Healwayshadthelast____24____.Icouldneverwin.SowhenhedeniedmyseniorclasstriptoMontreal,Icoulddonothingbutracefromhisroomin____25____Andathoughtjuststruckme.IfIcouldn’tgethimtolistentomysideofourarguments,maybeIcouldgethimto____26____it.Withthehopethathiseyeswouldbemoreopenthanhisears,Ibegantowriteanotethatbegan“DearDaddy”and____27____withhowmuchIrespectedhisopinion,howmuchIhatedtofightwithhimand,____28____howmuchIlovedhim.Ifoldedmynoteintoanenvelope,____29____itunderthedoorofhisbedroomandracedb