中国古代诗歌散文 知识梳理

高中语文(选修)《中国古代诗歌散文欣赏》本单元主要篇目：《长恨歌》《春江花月夜》《将进酒》《庖丁解牛》《项羽之死》《阿房宫赋》《六国论》《种树郭橐驼传》《春夜宴从弟桃花园序》《项脊轩志》(一)重要成语积累(共18条)1．目无全牛：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．游刃有余：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．深中肯綮：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．踌躇满志：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．善刀而藏：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．四面楚歌：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．望风披靡：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．钩心斗角：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．胸有成竹：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．贻人口实：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________11．稍纵即逝：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________12．抱薪救火：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________13．披荆斩棘：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________14．雕虫小技：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________15．秉烛夜游：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________16．浮生若梦：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________17．万籁俱寂：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________18．膏粱子弟：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________(二)古代文化知识积累【风俗文化】1．避讳：实际上是一种反映封建礼法的忌讳，即遇到与君主、尊长的名相同的文字就采用某种方法回避。主要分两大类：一是国讳，指诗文中不直书在位甚至前朝某些君主及其亲属的名；一是家讳，或称为私讳，即说话行文中，避免提到自己的父名、祖名。2．方山冠：古代的一种帽子。汉时为祭祀宗庙时乐工舞女所戴。唐宋时隐士多戴这种形状的帽子。3．牢：本来是养牲畜的圈，文中指祭祀用的牲畜。古代祭祀用牛、羊、猪各一头叫“太牢”，用猪、羊各一头叫“少牢”。古人又把牛叫“太牢”，羊叫“少牢”。4．告庙：天子或诸侯出巡、遇兵戎等重大事件而祭告祖庙。5．俳优：以乐舞谐戏为业的人。6．杂戏：古代娱乐形式之一，包括百戏、杂乐、歌舞戏、傀儡戏等。7．季父：叔父。古代兄弟排行以伯、仲、叔、季为序。8．大决：封建时代，对判死刑的人，在每年秋季行刑，叫大决，又叫秋决。9．上闻：上奏的文书。10．舍利：梵语“身骨”的译音。佛教徒死后火葬，身体内一些烧不化的东西，结成颗粒，称为“舍利子”。11．笏：古代君臣在朝廷上相见时手中所拿的狭长板子，用玉、象牙或竹片制成，上面可以记事，后来只有大臣使用。古时候文武大臣朝见君王时，双手执笏以记录君命或旨意，亦可以将要对君王上奏的话记在笏板上，以防止遗忘。【古代官职】1．小相：诸侯祭祀或会盟、朝见天子时，替国君主持赞礼和司仪的官。相分卿、大夫、士三个等级，小相指最低的“士”这一级。2．伶官：封建时代称演戏的人为伶，在宫廷中授有官职的伶人，叫做伶官。(三)文言文知识梳理一、指出下列句子中的通假字，写出本字并作解释1.罔薜荔兮为帷________________2.遥遥万里晖，荡荡空中景________________3.列缺霹雳，丘峦崩摧________________4.径须沽取对君酌________________5.霾两轮兮絷四马________________6.砉然向然________________7.技盖至此乎________________8.技经肯綮之未尝________________9.善刀而藏之________________10.骑皆伏曰：“如大王言。”________________11.乌江亭长船待________________12.往往阳狂垢污，不可得而见________________13.扣其乡及姓字，皆不答________________14.诸侯之地有限，暴秦之欲无厌________________15.当与秦相较，或未易量________________16.为国者无使为积威之所劫哉________________17.暴霜露，斩荆棘________________18.及仇雠已灭________________19.尔其无忘乃父之志________________20.使建中远具时羞之奠________________21.零丁孤苦________________22.吾上有三兄，皆不幸早世________________23.敛不凭其棺________________24.终葬汝于先人之兆________________25.与可没于陈州________________26.少纵则逝矣________________27.以致其性焉尔________________28.矢溺皆闭其中________________29.披发入山，为野人________________30.以衲报裘，以苎报________________31.既然已，勿动勿虑________________32.早缫而绪，早织而缕________________33.橐驼非能使木寿且孳也________________34.鼓瑟希________________35.莫春者________________36.唯求则非邦也与________________37.序天伦之乐事________________38.而母立于兹________________39.籍柔覆温之躯________________40.以当南日________________二、解释下列各组句子中加点的实词(杂少量虚词例句供辨析)1．善①善哉！技盖至此乎________________②善刀而藏之________________③六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善________________④嘻，不亦善夫________________⑤宋弟子高信之……多力善射________________2．族①族庖月更刀________________②每至于族________________③楛竹之笋，莫不族布而罗生焉________________④族秦者秦也，非天下也________________⑤士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者________________3．拔①势拔五岳掩赤城________________②然峭拔秀丽皆不可与小孤比________________③力拔山兮气盖世________________④自蜩腹蛇蚹以至于剑拔十寻者________________⑤山四面峭壁拔起________________⑥为拔本塞源之道也________________4．一①六王毕，四海一________________②楚人一炬，可怜焦土________________③黄鹤一去不复返________________④下饮黄泉，用心一也________________⑤合从缔交，相与为一________________⑥内外不一，心手不相应________________⑦庭中通南北为一________________⑧方山子怒马独出，一发得之________________⑨其为痴人则一也________________5．爱①秦爱纷奢，人亦念其家________________②使秦复爱六国之人________________③向使三国各爱其地________________④不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地________________⑤则又爱之太恩，忧之太勤________________⑥风移影动，珊珊可爱________________6．取①奈何取之尽锱铢，用之如泥沙________________②青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝________________③径须沽取对君酌________________④吾为公取彼一将________________⑤止一岁，请归取其孥________________⑥庖丁，解牛者也，而养生者取之________________⑦拟将一段鹅溪绢，扫取寒梢万尺长________________⑧凡长安豪富人……皆争迎取养________________⑨然后导以取保，出居于外________________7．尽①尽日君王看不足________________②江水流春去欲尽________________③人生得意须尽欢________________④幸有舟楫迟，得尽所历妙________________⑤项王军壁垓下，兵少食尽________________⑥一肌一容，尽态极妍________________⑦奈何取之尽锱铢________________⑧犹抱薪救火，薪不尽，火不灭________________⑨殁不能抚汝以尽哀________________8．使①闻道汉家天子使________________②长使英雄泪满襟________________③使天下之人，不敢言而敢怒________________④使秦复爱六国之人________________⑤使取汝者始行，吾又罢去________________⑥乃使人复葺南阁子________________⑦独念方山子少时，使酒好剑________________⑧使从事于其间，今已显闻________________9．为①南唐为奉化军节度________________②项王乃悲歌慷慨，自为诗曰________________③朝歌夜弦，为秦宫人________________④及与可自洋州还，而余为徐州________________⑤而浮生若梦，为欢几何________________⑥庭中通南北为一________________⑦吾见其难为，怵然为戒________________10．与①无差，谁为多与者________________②时不可兮骤得，聊逍遥兮容与________________③何哉？与嬴而不助五国也________________④与尔三矢，尔其无忘乃父之志________________⑤斫轮者也，而读书者与之________________⑥夫子喟然叹曰：“吾与点也。”________________11．归①东望都门信马归________________②而皆背晋以归梁________________③君臣相顾，不知所归________________④吾与汝俱幼，从嫂归葬河阳________________⑤吾将买田而归老焉________________⑥后五年，吾妻来归________________⑦吾妻归宁，述诸小妹语曰________________⑧又九门提督所访缉纠诘，皆归刑部________________12．易①赤泉侯人马俱惊，辟易数里________________②当与秦相较，或未易量________________③岂得之难而失之易欤________________④根拳而土易________________⑤是疾易传染________________⑥文书下行直省，多潜易之________________⑦别具本章，狱词无易________________13．幸①幸有舟楫迟，得尽所历妙________________②有美人名虞，常幸从________________③缦立远视，而望幸焉________________④皆不幸早逝________________⑤教吾子与汝子，幸其成________________⑥即幸留，病数月乃瘳________________⑦不如此，则人有幸心________________14．视①臣以神遇而不以目视________________②视为止，行为迟________________③秦人视之，亦不甚惜________________④其后四年，而归视汝________________⑤而视茫茫，而发苍苍________________⑥视驼所种树，或移徙，无不活________________⑦因《石匮书》未成，尚视息人世________________⑧视五人之死，轻重固何如哉________________15．若①若稍饰以楼观亭榭________________②而刀刃若新发于硎________________③虞兮虞兮奈若何________________④若非吾故人乎________________⑤若予者，岂独得其意________________⑥其莳也若子，其置也若弃________________⑦故不我若也________________⑧若不过焉则不及________________⑨久不见若影，何竟日默默在此________________16．传①传者因谓小孤庙有彭郎像________________②其传之非其真邪________________③传其事以为官戒________________④是疾易传染________________⑤种树郭橐驼传________________17．故①故得尽见________________②若非吾故人乎________________③下而从六国破亡之故事________________④其言不让，是故哂之________________⑤轩东故尝为厨________________⑥问余所以至此者，余告之故________________⑦宋将军故自负________________⑧盖以律非故杀，必久系________________18．实①合百草兮实庭，建芳馨兮庑门________________②实不然也________________③较秦之所得……其实百倍________________④余因而实之，答其诗曰________________⑤早实以蕃________________⑥茹啖其草木之荑实________________19．如①芙蓉如面柳如眉________________②图久远者，莫如西归________________③如不能守以终丧，则遂取以来________________④他植者虽窥伺效慕，莫能如也________________⑤如或知尔，则何以哉________________⑥方六七十，如五六十________________⑦宗庙之事，如会同，端章甫________________⑧绝无有者，则治之如所言________________20．过①雷霆乍惊，宫车过也________________②不学之过也________________③光阴者，百代之过客也________________④日过午已昏________________⑤大母过余曰________________⑥故尝与过宋将军________________三、指出下列各组句子中加点的虚词的意义和用法1．而①岸土赤而壁立________________②臣以神遇而不以目视________________③技经肯綮之未尝，而况大乎________________④提刀而立，为之四顾，为之踌躇满志，善刀而藏之________________⑤赂秦而力亏，破灭之道也________________⑥战败而亡，诚不得已________________⑦故不战而强弱胜负已判矣________________⑧赵尝五战于秦，二败而三胜________________⑨下而从六国破亡之故事________________⑩见此竹，废卷而哭失声________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))余扃牖而居________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))内外多置小门墙，往往而是________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))某所，而母立于兹________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))轮扁，斫轮者也，而读书者与之________________2．为①庖丁为文惠君解牛________________②视为止，行为迟________________③为之四顾，为之踌躇满志________________④天之亡我，我何渡为________________3．以①若稍饰以楼观亭榭________________②以吾一日长乎尔，毋吾以也________________③加之以师旅________________④如其礼乐，以俟君子________________⑤垣墙周庭，以当南日________________⑥久之，能以足音辨人________________⑦此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝________________4．之①姿态万变，信造化之尤物也________________②徙倚久之而归________________③此天之亡我，非战之罪也________________④则吾恐秦人食之不得下咽也________________⑤而犹有可以不赂而胜之之势________________⑥苟以天下之大________________⑦竹之始生，一寸之萌耳________________⑧平居自视了然，而临事忽焉丧之________________⑨自蜩腹蛇蚹以至于剑拔十寻者，生而有之也________________⑩士大夫传之，以为口实________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))自数十里外望之，碧峰巉然孤起________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))令骑将灌婴以五千骑追之________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))轮扁，斫轮者也，而读书者与之________________5．乎①嘻，善哉！技盖至此乎________________②臣之所好者道也，进乎技矣________________③依乎天理，批大郤，导大窾________________④技经肯綮之未尝，而况大乎________________⑤恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣________________⑥汉皆已得楚乎________________6．然①砉然向然，奏刀騞然________________②夕殿萤飞思悄然________________③然峭拔秀丽皆不可与小孤比________________④予不能然也，而心识其所以然________________⑤虽然，每至于族________________⑥明日割十城，然后得一夕安寝________________7．于①合于《桑林》之舞________________②是以十九年而刀刃若新发于硎________________③恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣________________④虽然，每至于族________________⑤使负栋之柱，多于南亩之农夫________________⑥然今卒困于此________________⑦但祠宇极于荒残________________8．其①尔其无忘乃父之志________________②泣下沾襟，何其衰也________________③愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎________________④如吾之衰者，其能久存乎________________⑤其信然邪？其梦邪？其传之非其真邪________________⑥其无知，悲不几时________________⑦呜呼，其竟以此而殒其生乎________________⑧燕赵之君，始有远略，能守其土________________⑨向使三国各爱其地________________⑩其意气之盛，可谓壮哉________________9．虽①虽无风，亦浪涌________________②江东虽小，地方千里________________③虽曰天命，岂非人事哉________________④虽万乘之公相，吾不以一日辍汝而就也________________⑤安常虽聋，而颖悟绝人________________10．且①橐驼非能使木寿且孳也________________②吾小人辍飧饔以劳吏者，且不得暇________________③且籍与江东子弟八千人渡江而西________________④且燕赵处秦革灭殆尽之际________________⑤或移徙，无不活；且硕茂________________⑥闻姊家有阁子，且何谓阁子也________________⑦久居，祸且及汝________________⑧存者且偷生，死者长已矣________________11．乃①乃知太白“开帆入天镜”之句为妙________________②乃中《经首》之会________________③项王乃大惊曰________________④于是项王乃悲歌慷慨________________⑤平明，汉军乃觉之________________⑥至东城，乃有二十八骑________________⑦今画者乃节节而为之________________⑧与尔三矢，尔其无忘乃父之志________________12．因①传者因谓小孤庙有彭郎像________________②因以所画《筼筜谷偃竹》遗予曰________________③加之以师旅，因之以饥馑________________④因舍其名，亦自谓“橐驼”云________________⑤因《石匮书》未成，尚视息人世________________⑥吏因以巧法________________13．与①翡翠衾寒谁与共________________②与君歌一曲，请君为我倾耳听________________③若是，则与吾业者其亦有类乎________________④唯求则非邦也与________________四、写出下列句子中加点词语的古义和今义1．六宫粉黛无颜色古义：________________今义：________________2．可怜光彩生门户古义：________________今义：________________3．云鬓半偏新睡觉古义：________________今义：________________4．临别殷勤重寄词古义：________________今义：________________5．雪肤花貌参差是古义：________________今义：________________6．与江山相发挥古义：________________今义：________________古义：________________今义：________________7．江自湖口分一支为南江，盖江西路也古义：________________今义：________________8．二山东西相望古义：________________今义：________________9．依乎天理，批大郤，导大窾古义：________________今义：________________10．因其固然，技经肯綮之未尝古义：________________今义：________________11．欲以此驰骋当世，然终不遇古义：________________今义：________________12．虽然，每至于族古义：________________今义：________________古义：________________今义：________________13．方山子亦矍然，问余所以至此者古义：________________今义：________________14．期山东为三处古义：________________今义：________________15．江东虽小，地方千里古义：________________今义：________________16．于是项王乃悲歌慷慨古义：________________今义：________________17．纵江东父兄怜而王我，我何面目见之古义：________________今义：________________18．各抱地势，钩心斗角古义：________________今义：________________19．一宫之间，而气候不齐古义：________________今义：________________20．燕赵之收藏，韩魏之经营，齐楚之精英古义：________________今义：________________古义：________________今义：________________古义：________________今义：________________21．可怜焦土古义：________________今义：________________22．隔离天日古义：________________今义：________________23．明星荧荧，开妆镜也古义：________________今义：________________24．至于颠覆/不知所归，至于誓天断发古义：________________今义：________________25．其实百倍古义：________________今义：________________26．思厥先祖父古义：________________今义：________________27．后秦击赵者再古义：________________今义：________________28．可谓智力孤危古义：________________今义：________________29．下而从六国破亡之故事古义：________________今义：________________30．而犹有可以不赂而胜之之势古义：________________今义：________________31．与其所以失之者古义：________________今义：________________古义：________________今义：________________32．则遣从事以一少牢告庙古义：________________今义：________________33．虽曰天命，岂非人事哉古义：________________今义：________________34．将成家而致汝古义：________________今义：________________35．吾与汝俱少年古义：________________今义：________________36．志气日益微古义：________________今义：________________37．几何不从汝而死也古义：________________今义：________________38．未可以为信也古义：________________今义：________________39．如此孩提者，又可冀其成立邪古义：________________今义：________________ 40.吾将以为袜古义：________________今义：________________41．吾辈无生理矣古义：________________今义：________________42．既然已，勿动勿虑古义：________________今义：________________43．不抑耗其实而已古义：________________今义：________________44．若不过焉则不及古义：________________今义：________________45．吾小人辍飧饔以劳吏者古义：________________今义：________________46．加之以师旅古义：________________今义：________________47．往往而是古义：________________今义：________________48．而妻子奴婢皆有自得之意古义：________________今义：________________49．使从事于其间古义：________________今义：________________50．明年，丞相薨古义：________________今义：________________五、指出下列句子中活用的词语并加以解释1．名词用作状语①骊山北构而西折，直走咸阳________________②廊腰缦回，檐牙高啄________________③蜂房水涡，矗不知其几千万落________________④辞楼下殿，辇来于秦________________⑤朝歌夜弦________________⑥如宝装屏风________________⑦掠江东南去________________⑧岸土赤而壁立________________⑨晚泊沙夹________________⑩上干云霄________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))良庖岁更刀/族庖月更刀________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))项王则夜起________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))直夜溃围南出________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))负而前驱________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))仓皇东出________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))一夫夜呼________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(17))乱者四应________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(18))图久远者，莫如西归________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(19))东亦客也________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(20))自蜩腹蛇蚹以至于剑拔十寻者________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))贫者席地而卧________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))贫则面语之________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))雨泽下注/使不上漏________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))前辟四窗________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))又北向________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))东犬西吠________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))室西连于中闺________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))吾妻死之年所手植也________________2．名词用作动词①微雨，复以小艇游庙中________________②足之所履________________③未云何龙/不霁何虹________________④朝歌夜弦，为秦宫人________________⑤楚人一炬，可怜焦土________________⑥鼎铛玉石，金块珠砾________________⑦族秦者秦也________________⑧项王军壁垓下________________⑨项王乃复引兵而东________________⑩纵江东父兄怜而王我________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))函梁君臣之首________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))契丹与吾约为兄弟________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))抑本其成败之迹________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))原庄宗之所以得天下________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))汝之纯明宜业其家者________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))牖其前以通明________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(17))必械手足________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(18))主梏扑者亦然________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(19))奸民久于狱，与胥卒表里________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(20))鲜不疫矣________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))名我固当________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))且硕茂，早实以蕃________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))甚者，爪其肤以验其生枯________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))端章甫________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))鼓瑟希________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))风乎舞雩________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))曾皙后________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))乳二世________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))客逾庖而宴________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))吾家读书久不效________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))垣墙周庭________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))或凭几学书________________3．数词用作名词或动词①庭中通南北为一________________②六王毕，四海一________________4．动词用作名词①燕赵之收藏，韩魏之经营________________②而告以成功________________③竹之始生，一寸之萌耳________________5．形容词用作名词①夫祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺________________②赤也为之小，孰能为之大________________③多可喜，亦多可悲________________6．形容词用作动词①一夫夜呼，乱者四应________________②强者夭而病者全乎________________③吾将买田而归老焉________________④余因而实之________________7．意动用法①后人哀之而不鉴之________________②初不自贵重________________③驼业种树________________8．使动用法①忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身________________②及凯旋而纳之________________③将成家而致汝________________④吾兄之盛德而夭其嗣矣________________⑤长吾女与汝女________________⑥予我千金，吾生若________________⑦非有能硕茂之也________________⑧非有能早而蕃之也________________⑨鸣鼓而聚之________________六、文言句式1．请将下列文言句子按句式特点分类①若稍饰以楼观亭榭②江自湖口分一支为南江，盖江西路也③东坡先生所谓“舟人指点岸如赪”者也④其间一日阻风不行⑤臣之所好者道也⑥技经肯綮之未尝⑦骑能属者百余人耳⑧天之亡我，我何渡为⑨戍卒叫，函谷举⑩请其矢，盛以锦囊eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身，自然之理也eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))而身死国灭，为天下笑eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))夫祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))故画竹，必先得成竹于胸中eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))庖丁，解牛者也/轮扁，斫轮者也eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))四方之人，持缣素而请者，足相蹑于其门eq\o(○,\s\up1(17))故不我若也eq\o(○,\s\up1(18))如或知尔，则何以哉eq\o(○,\s\up1(19))点，尔何如eq\o(○,\s\up1(20))又杂植兰桂竹木于庭eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))其制稍异于前判断句：_______________________________________________________被动句：_______________________________________________________宾语前置：_______________________________________________________定语后置：_______________________________________________________介宾短语后置：_______________________________________________________2．先在短线上写出每组句子的省略类型，再在长线上写出补出了省略成分的句子。(1)省略________①谁得而族灭也________________②视为止，行为迟________________③请其矢，盛以锦囊________________④吾将以为袜________________(2)省略________①复以小艇游庙中________________②其间一日阻风不行________________③左，乃陷大泽中________________④以三矢赐庄宗而告之曰________________(3)省略________①则遣从事以一少牢告庙________________②与人罕言语，语类楚声________________七、请将下列文言句子翻译成现代汉语1．舟过矶，虽无风，亦浪涌，盖以此得名也。译文：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．大孤状类西梁，虽不可拟小姑之秀丽，然小孤之旁，颇有沙洲葭苇，大孤则四际渺弥皆大江，望之如浮水面，亦一奇也。译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．臣之所好者道也，进乎技矣。译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．每至于族，吾见其难为，怵然为戒，视为止，行为迟。译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．天之亡我，我何渡为！译文：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．吾闻汉购我头千金，邑万户，吾为若德。译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．燕赵之收藏，韩魏之经营，齐楚之精英，几世几年，剽掠其人。译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．燕赵之君，始有远略，能守其土，义不赂秦。译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．向使三国各爱其地，齐人勿附于秦，刺客不行，良将犹在，则胜负之数，存亡之理，当与秦相较，或未易量。译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．日削月割，以趋于亡。为国者无使为积威之所劫哉！译文：_________________________