2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习-专题十　主旨要义

2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习

专题十主旨要义

Passage1

IliveinXizhouinYunnanProvince,ontheAncientTeaHorseRoad.IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirst

heardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet,Iwasblownaway.Icouldn't

imaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.

LastMay,ImetPaul.HetoldmethatitwashisfirsttimeinChina.Hetalkedtomewithgreat

excitementaboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveriesinmyregionofChina.HespokeoftheSilkRoad,

thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theAncientTeaHorseRoadandtheearly

20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.Paulconsideredmanyofthem

heroesandinasenseChinesepioneersofslowjourneys.

IdecidedtoaccompanyPaulonhiswalktowardYunnan.OnSeptember28,2021,wesetout.Ourdays

weresimple:walk,eat,sleep,andrepeat.Wewokeupatsunrise,setoffinhighspirits,andrestedatsunset,

draggingourselvesintoexhaustedsleep.

Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus;somegaveus

directions;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemet

manybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.

Together,wewereimpressedbythebiodiversityoftheGaoligongMountains.AsIwalkedonancient

pathsthroughthemountains,Iseemedtohearthevoicesofpasttravelersurgingmetobecarefulontheroad.

Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul,Icametoarealization.Walkingforits

ownsakeisonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringthe

worldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother'scultures.

l.HowdidthewriterfirstrespondtoPaul'stravelplan?

A.Scared.B.Puzzled.

C.Disappointed.D.Surprised.

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulSalopekfromparagraph2?

A.Hewasawesternjournalist.

B.HehadaknowledgeofChina.

C.HecametoChinaseveraltimes.

第1页共109页

D.HewasJosephRock'sacquaintance.

3.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutthewriterandPaul?

A.Theyhonoredtheancestors.

B.Theysetoffinhighspirits.

C.Theysatisfiedthelocals*curiosity.

D.Theybuiltbondswithpeople.

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthewriter'swritingthetext?

A.Toshareandreflectonajourney.

B.Tosuggestanewwayoftravel.

C.Toadvocateprotectionofbiodiversity.

D.TointroduceandpromoteChineseculture.

答案

［语篇解读］语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:作者和用双脚环游地球的保罗・萨洛佩科在

路上的见闻和感悟。

1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中“Iwasblownaway.Icouldn'timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusual

personintheworld.”可推知，作者最初对保罗的旅行计划感到吃惊。

2.B细节理解题。根据第二段中“aboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveries...thetravelsofthe

17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theAncientTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmerican

botanistJosephRock...talkedofXuanzang”可知，保罗・萨洛佩科对中国有一定的了解。

3.D主旨要义题。根据第四段中“Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus;somegaveus

directions;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.“可知，

第四段主要说明了作者和保罗与人们建立了联系。

4.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可推知，文章的目的是分享和思考一段旅程。

Passage2

Naturehasdevelopedtheemotionalstatewecallangertohelpusstayalive.Angerenergizesusto

prepareusforaction.Itcanbeusedeitherinproductivewaysorjusttheopposite.Whenwefeelenergizedby

anger,wemightaskourselveshowweputthisenergytothemostproductiveuse.

Perhapsthemosthelpfulthingtorememberaboutangeristhatitisasecondaryemotion.Aprimary

feelingiswhatisfeltimmediatelybeforewefeelangry.Wemightfirstfeelafraid,attacked,offended,trapped,

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ordisrespected.Ifanyofthesefeelingsareintenseenough,wethinkoftheemotionasanger.Generally

speaking,secondaryfeelingsdonotidentifytheunmetemotionalneed.WhenallIcansayis"Ifeelangry”,

neitherInoranyoneelseknowswhatwouldhelpmefeelbetter.Ahelpfultechnique,then,istoalways

identifytheprimaryemotion.

Assumesomeonewantsustodosomethingweprefernottodo.Atfirst,wefeelalittlepressured,butnot

enoughtogetangry.Whentheykeeppushingus,webegintogetirritated.Iftheycontinue,wegetangry.

Suchangerdamagesrelationships.

Ifwefeelangry,itisevidentthatwefeelstronglyaboutsomething.Insteadofsaying"Ican'tbelieve

howirresponsiblesheis.Whatacold-hearted,evilwitchsheis.”,amoreproductiveresponseis:"AmIreally

upsetbythis?Whydoesitbothermesomuch?WhatspecificallyamIfeeling?^^Fromtheanswers,wecan

decidetopickthebestonetocalmtheanger.Assoonaswe"upshift“andbegintothinkaboutouroptions

andtheirconsequences,westarttofeelmoreincontrolandlessthreatened.Wegetoutoftheautomatic

stimulus-responsemodeandrealizethatwehavechoices.

ThereisaquotefromViktorE.Franklthatgoeslikethis:"Betweenstimulusandresponsethereisa

space.Inthatspace...liesourgrowthandourfreedom.”

1.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardsanger?

A.Favorable.B.Neutral.

C.Doubtful.D.Negative.

2.Whatcanweknowaboutanger?

A.Itreflectsone*sintensefeeling.

B.Itreferstoaminoremotion.

C.Itcanidentifyemotionalneed.

D.Itsurelycausesaviolentreaction.

3.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlydealwith?

A.Whatquestionsweaskaboutanger.

B.Howwerespondtoanger.

C.Howwedevelopgrowthandfreedom.

D.Whenweconsidertheconsequence.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Waystoknowaboutanger.

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B.Reasonstoarouseanger.

C.Managingangerinagoodway.

D.Calmingangerattherighttime.

答案

［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:什么是愤怒以及如何对待它。

1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Itcanbeusedeitherinproductivewaysorjusttheopposite.“可知，作者

认为愤怒既可能产生积极影响，也可能会有不好的作用。由此推断出,作者对愤怒的态度是客观中立的。

2.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Ifanyofthesefeelingsareintenseenough,wethinkoftheemotionas

anger.”可知，愤怒反映了一个人非常强烈的情绪。

3.B主旨要义题。根据第四段中的“Insteadofsaying...amoreproductiveresponseis...”可知第四段主要介

绍了在我们愤怒时,应该怎样做。

4.C主旨要义题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了愤怒是一种非常强烈的情绪，有好的一面也有不好的

一面，以及我们应该明智地处理我们的愤怒。

Passage3

Endangeredpolarbearsarebreeding（繁殖）withgrizzlybears（灰熊）,creating“pizzly“bears,whichis

beingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.

AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,

wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.Andwiththatgrowingcontactbetween

thetwocomeincreasinghybrids（杂交种）.

Withcharacteristicsthatcouldgivethehybridsanadvantageinwarmingnorthernhabitats,some

scientistsguessthattheycouldbeheretostay."Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironments

thantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources/'LarisaDeSantis,

anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.

Theriseof“pizzly“bearsappearswithpolarbears*decline:Theirnumbersareestimatedtodecreaseby

morethan30%inthenext30years.Thissuddenfallislinkedpartlyto“pizzly“bearstakinguppolarbears1

ranges,wheretheyoutcompetethem,butalsotopolarbears'highlyspecializeddiets.

“PolarbearsmainlyconsumedsoftfoodsevenduringtheMedievalWarmPeriod,apreviousperiodof

rapidwarming,,9DeSantissaid,referringtofatmealssuchasseals."Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbears

aretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”

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Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingfbrthem.

Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityif

polarbearsarereplaced.

"We'rehavingmassiveimpactswithclimatechangeonspecies,“DeSantissaid."Thepolarbearistelling

ushowbadthingsare.Insomesense,'pizzly'bearscouldbeasadbutnecessarycompromisegivencurrent

warmingtrends.^^

l.Whydopolarbearsmovefurthersouth?

A.Tocreatehybrids.B.Toexpandterritory.

C.Torelievehunger.D.Tocontactgrizzlies.

2.Whatmakes“pizzly“bearsadapttonaturalsurroundingsbetterthantheirparents?

A.Broaderhabitats.B.Morefoodoptions.

C.Climatepreference.D.Improvedbreedingability.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“atippingpoint“inparagraph5referto?

A.Ararechance.B.Acriticalstage.

C.Apositivefactor.D.Aconstantchange.

4.What*sthemainideaofthetext?

A.Polarbearsarechangingdietsforclimatechange.

B.Polarbearshavealreadyadjustedtoclimatechange.

C.”Pizzly”bearsareontherisebecauseofglobalwarming.

D."Pizzly“bearshavereplacedpolarbearsfbrglobalwarming.

答案

［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起

繁殖,创造出“灰北极熊

1.C细节理解题。根据第二段中“AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaiccthins,starvingpolarbearsare

beingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards,“可知北

极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。

2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中“butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources"

可知更多的食物选择让“灰北极熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。

3.B推测词义题。根据画线词后文“Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceout

thosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinand

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takeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced."可知，无法找至U足够的食物来源，北极

熊很可能被“灰北极熊”取代，它们正处于生存的关键点。由此推断“atippingpoint”相当于acritical

stage（一个关键阶段）。

4.C主旨要义题。通读全文,尤其是第一段和第五段可知由于全球变暖，“灰北极熊”的数量正在上升。

Passage4

OfficerJonathanSmith,30,wascalledtoBondLakenearLewiston,NewYork,afterreceivingreportsof

alittledogthathadfallenintothelakeabout50yardsfromtheshore.Inthisheart-in-mouthfootage（镜头）

capturedbyafellowofficer'sbodycam（随身摄像头），thebravepoliceofficerthrewoffsomeequipment

beforedashingoutontotheicewithoutanycautionforhisownsafety.

Theownerhadbeenwalkingthe10-month-olddogaroundthelakeonJanuary5whenKonaspotteda

distantflockofgeeselandingonthewaterandrantowardsthem.Horrified,Kona'sownerwatchedasthedog

fellintothefreezingwaterattheedgeoftheice.

InanemailtoLewistonPoliceDepartmenttheownerwrote:"Althoughsheisastrongswimmer,there

waszerochanceofhergettingbackoutontotheiceandshebegantopanicandtirequickly.^^

Thewitnessnearbycalled911rightaway,and15minuteslaterOfficerSmithandtwootherofficers

fromthePoliceDepartmentarrived.Withouthesitationorrescueequipmenttheofficerremovedhisuniform

andgunbeltandranovertheicetowardstheexhausteddog.Whenhegotcloseenoughtoher,OfficerSmith

grabbedthedogandpulledherfromthewatersoshewasabletorunbackovertheicetoherowner.

“KonaandIandeverybodythatlovesherareextremelygratefulfbrhisselflessnessandcourage,the

ownerwrote.ucHisprofessionalismandbraveryshouldbeapplauded.Ihavewitnessedcountlessactsof

selflessheroism.OfficerSmith'sactionsrankhighinmybook."Theownerwasanauthor,whohaswritten

manybooks.

LewistonPoliceDepartmentpostedthebodycamfootagefromtherescueontheirFacebookpage,along

withthemessagefromKona'sowner.

l.WhydidthedogKonaruntothelake?

A.TheowneraskedKonatodoit.

B.Konawantedtoplayontheice.

C.AgunshotfrightenedKonaintodoingit.

D.AflockofgeeseexcitedKona'scuriosity.

第6页共109页

2.WhatisKona'sowner?

A.Arescuer.B.Apoliceman.

C.Awriter.D.Aphotographer.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeOfficerSmith?

A.Strongandskilled.

B.Braveandselfless.

C.Successfulandhopeful.

D.Outgoingandgenerous.

4.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?

A.APolicemanRescuedaDogStrugglinginaFrozenLake

B.LewistonPoliceDepartmentReceivedanUnusualEmail

C.AStoryBetweenaDogandGeese

D.TheActofSelfishHeroism

答案

［语篇解读］语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:一名警察不顾自身安危勇敢地救出了一只

在冰冷的湖中挣扎的小狗。

1.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“whenKonaspottedadistantflockofgeeselandingonthewaterandran

towardsthem”可知,Kona之所以跑向湖，是因为那群鹅引起了它的好奇心。

2.C细节理解题。根据第五段中“Theownerwasanauthor,whohaswrittenmanybooks.”可知,Kona的主

人是一名作家。

3.B推理判断题。根据第五段中“Hisprofessionalismandbraveryshouldbeapplauded.Ihavewitnessed

countlessactsofselflessheroism.OfficerSmith'sactionsrankhighinmybook.”可推断出，这名警察是勇敢

的、无私的。

4.A主旨要义题。本文主要讲述了一名警察不顾自身安危勇敢地救出了一只在冰冷的湖中挣扎的小狗

的故事。

Passage5

Norwayjusthitarecordinitsmovetograduallystopusingcarsthatrelyonfossilfuels.

Morethan9in10newcarssoldthereinSeptemberwereeitherelectricorrechargeablehybrids,

accordingtotheNorwegianInformationCouncilforRoadTraffic,orOFV.Ofallnewpassengercarssoldso

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farin2021,lessthan5%aregas-powered.Aslightlysmallerpercentageusediesel（柴油）.Thesalesnumbers

pushNorwayclosertomeetingitsnationalgoaloftransitioningtoanentirelyzero-emission（零排放的）fleet

ofnewcarsby2025——aninitiativethegovernmentbackswithtaxincentives（激励）.

SeveralfactorsaredrivingrecordnumbersofNorwegiandriverstochooseelectricityovergasordiesel

power,includingnewtechnologythathaseasedcustomers*anxietyaboutelectricvehicles*range.Butmoney

isamainconcern.

Norwayhaslongencouragedpeopletoadoptelectricvehicles-anditdoessobyusingacarrotsolarge

thatifsessentiallyalsoastick.

Electriccarsareexempt（免除）fromthe25%value-addedtax（VAT）,forinstance.TheyYealsoexempt

fromenvironmentalpollutiontaxesthatbuyersofgasanddieselvehiclesmustpay."Thepurchasetaxfbrall

newcarsiscalculatedbyacombinationofweight,CO2andNOxemissions,9,theNorwegianElectricVehicle

Associationsays.“Thetaxisprogressive,makingbigcarswithhighemissionsveryexpensive.,,Other

sweetenersincludealotofauto-relatedfeesthatarereducedortotallycanceled,fromferryridestoparking.

Andcompaniescangetataxbreakforeachelectricvehicle.

Overall,Norwayisseeingarapidincreaseinpassengercarsthisyear-morethan35%higherthanin

2020.Withelectriccarsalesbooming,thefutureoftheVATexemptionhasbeenthetopsubjectforpolitical

debatethisyear,aslawmakerslookathowtobolstertaxincomewhilealsosupportingthemoveawayfrom

fossilfuels.

1.Whatisthemainreasonforelectricvehicles1leadingsalesgrowth?

A.TheVATexemption.

B.Nomoreauto-relatedfees.

C.Fossilfuelshortage.

D.Thedevelopmentoftechnology.

2.Howdoestheauthorillustratethecarrotandstickapproachinthe5thparagraph?

A.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

B.Bygivingstatistics.

C.Byreferringtopreviousfindings.

D.Bymakingacomparison.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bolster“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Calculate.B.Reduce.C.Receive.D.Increase.

第8页共109页

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Tax-freePolicyWorksWellwithCarIndustryinNorway

B.NoMoreGas-poweredCarsAllowedtoBeSoldinNorway

C.9in10CarsSoldinNorwayAreElectricorRechargeableHybrids

D.AlmostAllCarsWillGoElectricinNorwayRightAway

答案

［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:挪威政府通过减税等措施鼓励新能源汽车

销售。

1.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butmoneyisamainconcern.”和第五段第一句中“Electriccarsare

exempt（免除）fromthe25%value-addedtax（VAT）”（电动汽车免征25%的增值税）可知，增值税的减免是

电动汽车销售额增长的主要原因。

2.D推理判断题。第五段指出排放量高的大型汽车交税多，而电动汽车免交增值税和环境污染税，许多

与汽车相关的费用也被减少或完全取消。所以这是通过对比来说明政府的“胡萝卜加大棒”政策。

3.D推测词义题。根据最后一段可知，对于立法者们来说，他们想要的是双赢，即在支持远离化石燃料的

同时，又能提高税收。由此推断画线单词“bolster”是“增力口”的意思。

4.C主旨要义题。通读全文可知，文章重点介绍挪威政府通过税收倾斜刺激电动汽车的销售，从而达到

现在销售的汽车中绝大部分是新能源汽车的状态。

Passage6

Windpowerisapowerfultoolforreducingcarbonemissions（排放）thatcauseclimatechange.The

turbines（涡轮机）,however,canbeathreattobirds,whichiswhyexpertsarelookingforwaystolimitthe

danger.

AcompanyinBoulder,Coloradohasproducedacamera-and-AI-basedtechnologythatcanrecognize

eaglesandotherbirdsastheyapproachinenoughtimetomaketurbinespauseintheirflightpath.Theirtool,

calledIdentiFlight,candetect5.62timesmorebirdflightsthanhumanobserversalone,andwithanaccuracy

rateof94percent.Usinghigh-precisionvisualsensors,thesystemcalculatesabird'sspeedandflighttrack,

andifitisonacollision（碰撞）pathwithaturbine,asignalissenttoshutthatturbinedown.

WinninganawardforitsperformanceinAustralia,thetrackingsystemwasbuiltin2018andwasfound

tocuteagledeathsattheCattleHillWindFarmbymorethanfour-fifths.Eachday,signalshaveshutdown

theirmovementanaverageof400times-acrossthefieldof48turbines-fortwotothreeminuteseachtime.

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BirdloveranddirectoroftheNationalAudubonSociety'sCleanEnergyInitiative,GarryGeorge,admits,

“Ourownscienceshowsthatclimatechangeisbyfarthebiggestthreattobirdsandtheplaceswildlifeneeds

tosurvive.IdentiFlightwillmakeitpossibletofighttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandatthesametime

protectthebirdsweloveintheprocess.^^

1.WhatcontributetoIdentiFlightdetectingbirds'approaching?

A.CamerasandAI.

B.Humanobservers.

C.Changestoturbines.

D.Birds*flyinghabits.

2.WhathappensatawindfarmwithIdentiFlightwhenabirdistoknockintoaturbine?

A.Theturbineisstoppedtemporarily.

B.Theturbinechangesthebird'strack.

C.Theturbinekillstheapproachingbird.

D.Theturbineisoutofworkpermanently.

3.WhatisGarryGeorge'sattitudetowardsIdentiFlight?

A.Ambiguous.

B.Reserved.

C.Approving.

D.Unconcerned.

4.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AIKeepsTrackofBirds

B.PowerfulToolsSaveNature

C.ClimateChangeLeadstoBirdDeaths

D.AIHelpsWindTurbinesProtectBirds

答案

［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨IdentiFlight应用于安装有风力发电涡轮设

备的场所，避免鸟类撞上转动的涡轮机。

1.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的"acamcra-and-Al-basedtechnologythatcanrecognizeeaglesandother

birdsasthey叩proachinenoughtimetopauseturbinesintheirflightpath”可知，摄像机和人工智能的技术

帮助IdentiFlight监测到鸟的接近。

第10页共109页

2.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的"maketurbinespause"和"asignalissenttoshutthatturbinedown”以及

第三段的"Eachday,signalshaveshutdowntheirmovementanaverageof400times”可知,在一个安装了

IdentiFlight的风力发电场，如果鸟即将撞上涡轮机，涡轮机会暂时停止工作。

3.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IdentiFlightwillmakeitpossibletofighttheworsteffectsofclimate

changeandatthesametimeprotectthebirdsweloveintheprocess.”可知,GarryGeorge对IdentiFlight持有

赞成的态度。

4.D主旨要义题。通读全文可知,IdentiFlight帮助风力发电涡轮机识别鸟的到来，从而暂时停止转动，减

少了鸟的死亡。

Passage7

Africangreyparrotscanlivemorethan50years,memorizedozensofwordsinEnglishand,ifgiventhe

chance,outperform（月生过）agroupofHarvardstudentsintheclassicshellgame.

Griffin,agreyparrot,isthesubjectofarecentstudypublishedonMay6inthejournalScientificReports.

ResearcherschallengedGriffintoaworkingmemorytaskwherehehadtolocateacolorfulballhiddenunder

aplasticcupafteritwasshuffled（改变位置）aroundatableseveraltimes.Meanwhile,21Harvardstudents

weregiventhesametask—andGriffinmatchedoroutperformedthemin12of14trials.

“Thinkaboutit:AgreyparrotoutperfbnnsHarvardundergrads.That'sreallyawesome/9leadstudy

authorHragPailian,apostdoctoralfellowatHarvardsaid.uWehadstudentsconcentratingonengineering,

pre-med,andhejustoutperformedthem.^^

Tobefair,Griffinisnoaverageparrot.Accordingtothestudyauthors,the22-year-oldbird“hasbeen

thesubjectofcognitiveandcommunicativestudiessincehisacquisitionfromabreeder（饲养员）at7.5weeks

ofage.”

Griffin'sbird-mom,IrenePepperberg—aHarvardpsychologistandco-authorofthenew

paper-previouslytaughttheparrottoreproducesome30Englishwordsandtocomprehendatleast40,

includingthenamesofcolors.Assuch,Griffindidn'tneedanyspecialcoachingtolearntheshell

game-Pepperbergmerelydemonstratedafewsampleroundsforhim,justasshedidforGriffin'shuman

competitors.

Theparticipantscompleted120roundsofthegamespreadacross14trials,whichgotprogressively

harder.Bytheendoftheday,theparticipantshadtokeeptrackoffourdifferent-coloreddetailsunderfour

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cups,whichwereshuffledfourtimes.Griffinwasabletofindthetargetballwithhigheraccuracythanthe

studentsinall14trials.

Theparrot*sperformancesuggeststhatitsmemorizingabilitymayhaveevolved（进化）fromacommon

ancestormillionsofyearsago.

1.Whatisthepurposeoftheresearch?

A.TosetthetasktotheHarvardstudents.

B.TotestthememorizingabilityofGriffin.

C.Tolocateacolorfulballhiddenunderthecup.

D.Toshufflethecupsaroundatableseveraltimes.

2.HowdidHragPailianfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheshellgame?

A.Puzzled.B.Satisfied.

C.Impressed.D.Disappointed.

3.WhycouldGriffinoutperformthestudents?

A.Itwasacquiredfromabreeder.

B.Ithadreceivedrelevanttraining.

C.Ithadgrasped30Englishwords.

D.Itwasshowedmoresamplerounds.

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Africangreyparrotsevolvefast

B.Africangreyparrotslivelonger

C.Aparrotfightsforgoodmemory

D.AparrotbeatsHarvardstudents

答案

［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:研究人员对非洲灰鹦鹉Griffin的记忆力所

做的研究。

1.B细节理解题。由文章第二段中“ResearcherschallengedGriffintoaworkingmemorytask”可知,这个实

验主要是为了检验这只鹦鹉的记忆力水平。

2.C推理判断题。由文章第三段中“awesome”和“outperformed”可推知，研究人员对研究结果印象深刻。

第12页共109页

3.B细节理解题。由文章第五段中“previouslytaughttheparrottoreproducesome30Englishwordsandto

comprehendatleast40,includingthenamesofcolors”可知,Griffin比学生表现更好是因为它接受了有关的

训练。

4.D主旨要义题。根据第一段“AfHcangreyparrotscanlivemorethan50years,memorizedozensofwords

inEnglishand,ifgiventhechance,outperformagroupofHarvardstudentsintheclassicshellgame.”及下文

可知短文的最佳标题为“一只鹦鹉打败了哈佛学生:

Passage8

ThecompanySpaceXhasalreadylaunchedhundredsofitsStarlinksatellites,withplanstoputasmany

as42,000oftheminEarthorbit.Itsgoalistoprovidehigh-speedInternettobillionsofpeople.Moving

towardthatkindofaccessisimportant,butitcomesatacost.Glitteringwithreflectedsunlight,thesefirst

orbiters,sentupinthepastyear,arebrighterthan99percentofthe5,000orsoothersatellitesnowcircling

Earth,andobviouslytherearegoingtobealotmore.Thissuddenincreaseisbadforastronomy:The

probabilityofaStarlinksatellitecrossingatelescope'sfieldofviewandruininganobservationwillbequite

highnearsunset.Forthatreason,myfellowastronomershavesignedapetition（请愿书）callingfor

governmentstoprotectthenightskyfromthisinvasion.

Inresponsetoprotests,SpaceXhaspromisedtoaddressthevisibilityproblemby,forexample,applying

experimentalcoatings—essentiallypaintingthesatellitesblack——butthecompany*saggressivelaunch

scheduleremainsunchanged.Andthesatellites'illuminated（被照亮）surfacesaremostlytheirsolar

panels—exactlythepartthatcannotbepaintedover.

Unfortunately,atpresentnoregulationsgovernhowbrightasinglesatellitecanbe,letalonethousands

ofthemtogether.Eveniftherearesuchregulations,onenation'slawscannothinder（阻碍）anothercountry's

launches.Spaceliterallyhasnoborders,andtheskywillneedtobeprotectedataninternationallevel.Asa

consequence,wehopethattheUnitedNationswillfindawaytothinkoutsideoftheboxtosavetheskyfor

everyone.

WhenIwasgrowingupinMontana,itwasagametobethefirsttofindamovingsatelliteamongthe

hostofstarsinthenightsky.Soonitcouldbeagametorecognizetheconstellations（星座）behindaswarmof

movingpointsoflight.

l.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardSpaceX'slaunchplans?

A.lndifferent.B.Doubtful.

第13页共109页

C.Optimistic.D.Disapproving.

2.Whyhavetheauthor'sfellowastronomerssignedthepetition?

A.SpaceXplanstosendtoomanyStarlinksatellitesintospace.

B.TheStarlinksatelliteswillpossiblyruinanobservationnearsunset.

C.ThefirstorbitersarebrighterthanmostofothersatellitescirclingEarth.

D.SpaceXfailstoprovidehigh-speedInternettopeoplearoundtheworld.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoshouldshouldertheresponsibilitytosavethesky?

A.TheUnitedStates.

B.TheUnitedNations.

C.ThecompanySpaceX.

D.Justonenation.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.PreservetheNightSky

B.BanStarlinkSatellites

C.ObservetheStarsAttentively

0.ProtestAgainstSpaceX

答案

［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:作者希望联合国可以找到一种方式来减少

卫星的影响，保护天空。

1.D推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Thissuddenincreaseisbadforastronomy”以及"myfellow

astronomershavesignedapetitioncallingforgovernmentstoprotectthenightskyfromthisinvasion”可以看

出作者是反对SpaceX公司的发射计划的。

2.B细节理解题。根据第一段中“TheprobabilityofaStarlinksatellitecrossingatelescope'sfieldofview

andruininganobservationwillbequitehighnearsunset”可知，这些人造卫星可能会毁了日落时的天文观

察。

3.B推理判断题。根据第三段中“Asaconsequence,wehopethattheUnitedNationswillfindawayto

thinkoutsideoftheboxtosavetheskyforeveryone.“可知，作者觉得联合国应该肩负起拯救天空的责任。

4.A主旨要义题。根据全文的叙述,作者侧重于保护夜空免受卫星的光污染。

Passage9

第14页共109页

Ineededtogetsomemoneyso,afterChristmas,ItookajobintheclothesdepartmentatGraham'sfor

thefirstfortnightoftheJanuarysales.Ican'tsaythatIenjoyedit,butitwasanexperienceFilneverforget.

Icouldneverunderstandwhythereweresomanythingsinthesales;wheredidtheyallcomefrom?Now

Ikno