外研版八年级英语下册知识点总结

Module1Hobbies重点词组.Tidyup收拾，整理.takeup占用（时间空间）.beinterestedin对…感兴趣（interesting有趣的）.aswellas并且，还Ilikeplayingfootballaswellasplayingbasketball..suchas比如asaresult结果.comeout出版；开花；出来；真相大白giveaninterview接受采访，做访谈inthefuture在未来（一般将来时）makesure确保growvegetables种蔬菜begoodatsth./doingsth._acollectionof…的收集品collectstamps集邮attheendof...atthebeginningof...developinterests发展兴趣usefulskills有用的技能playtheviolin乐器加theallthetime总是，一直atleast至少bepopularwith受…欢迎Footballispopularwithboys.足球受男孩子的欢迎.*notonly…butalso不仅…而且用来连接两个主语时，注意就近原则NotonlyDaMingbutalsohisparentsarefondofwatchingfootballmatches.Notonlyyoubutalsoheistiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.*spend+时间/金钱+onsth./(in)doingsth.eg.Ispentallourtimeonourfavouratehobby.Ispendthewholenight(in)learningEnglish.Theirhobbiesaredrawingandpainting.=Intheirfreetime,theyliketodrawandpaint.*Succeedindoingsth.成功做成某事successn.successfuladj.*Make为使役动词，后接形容词和动词原形做宾语补足语Eg.Rainydaysmakemesad.Loudmusicmakesmewanttodance.*Itis+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事是…的It’simportantforyoutorememberthis.Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.形容词修饰人的性格如：It’skindofyoutotellmethetruth.Trytodosth.尽力做某事 trydoingsth.尝试做某事Asksb.(not)todosth.要求某人(不)做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事Module2Friendship重点词组：rightnow现在whether_ornotholdtheline(不挂断电话)等一下turnback转身asusual和往常一样closefriends亲密的朋友personalquestions私人问题earlyautumn早秋severalmonthslater几个月以后worryabout担心atmiddleschool在初中smileatsb.朝某人微笑.changeone’slife改变某人的生活.atfirst开始15.joinaclub参加俱乐部daybyday一天天地indifferentcountries在不同的国家feellike觉得invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事bytheway顺便说一下likemakingfriends(with)喜欢交朋友.takeamessage捎口信.apublicconcert公开音乐会.goodluckwiththeconcert预祝音乐会成功25.rememberdoingsth./todosth.记得做了71做某事.asaresult结果.beafraidofsth./todosth.害怕(去做)某事.stampcollectors集邮爱好者.acoupleof几个，两个.takeplace发生(happen).lonely寂寞的/alone独自一人.faraway(from).watch,指仔细观看，看电视、球赛等see指看望某人，看电影，看医生等.(laugh)atothersisimpolite.取笑他人是不礼貌的35.allovertheworld全世界Findsth.+adj.TheforeignersfindChinaverydifferentfromtheirowncountry.Find+it+adj.+todosth.Ifounditdifficulttofinishtheworkontime.It为形式宾语 一Findsb.doingsth.发现某人正在做某事Ifoundthemplayinggamesontheplayground.Peoplefromallovertheworldmakefriendsbywritingletters.By通过…方式语法点：宾语从句注意点：1.有“.・.or械”或"or+供选择的内容”时，只能用whether.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序.客观真理用一般现在时.注意时态宾语从句，即：在主句中担当宾语的从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。连接词一般都是that（指事务或人）,which（指事），who（指人）1.从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。.从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…ornot结构中不能用if替换。.从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他三：判断时态情况：1。主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况2。主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时Theteachertoldthechildrenthatthesunround.A.wasB.isC.wereD.areIbelievethatourteamthebasketballmatch.A.winB.wonC.willwinD.winsIdon,tknowtovisittheoldman.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.whoThesoldierssoonreached()wasonceanoldtemple()thevillagersusedasaschool.A.which;whereB.what;whichC.where;whichD.what;where答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语,usesth.as…"把•…用作•…Module3Ontheradio重点词组：l.Lookoutf0r)小心/lookfor寻找/looklike看起来像2.Don’tmentionit.不客气3.prepare(for)准备4.askfor要/请求…5.lookdown向下看lookdownonsb.看不起某人6.onceaweek一周一次.turnon打开（电视，灯，收音机等）turnoff关闭turnup调大（音量）.takesb.around带某人四处参观.getlost迷路.scoretwogoals进两个球.inperson亲自learnabout听说learnfrom向…学习.attheageof在…岁时.atthatmoment在那个时候.goforapicnic去野餐.thescoreof…的比分.stopdoingsth.停止做某事explainsth.（tosb.）（向某人）解释某事closedown停播winthefirstprize获得第一名findout查明prepareforatest准备考试thankyoufor…因为...感谢你decidetodosth.决定做某事Me,too.我也是Itseems/seemedthat...好像,看样子Itseemsthatheislying.看样子他在撒谎.infrontof在…前面（inthefrontof强调在内部的前面）needtodo需要做…needdoing需要被做某事（被动含义）Theflowersneedwatering,这些花需要浇水.语法点：*to+v.与v.-ingTo+v.want；wouldlike；hope； wish； plan；need；decidev+-ingenjoy；finish；practice；keep；giveup；mind注意都可以接的begin;start;continue意义相同Hear;notice;see…do/doing意义不同Stop；forget;remember;try+todo/doing意义不同*表示建议和警告1、Shallwe…?我们…好吗？ 2、Let's….让我们…3、What/howaboutdoing…？怎么样？4.Bequiet,please.5、Whydonftyou/we..=whynot…？为什么不？6.Pleasekeepdoing…7Rememberto…andstoptalking!8、Wouldyoulike….？你愿意..吗？回答时用I’dlike/loveto.sorry,but….对于建议肯定回答:goodidea./OK/Sure/Allright./Whynot?/Great/Yes,I,dloveto对于建议否定回答：I’msorry,I,mafaid・・・/I,dloveto,but……Module4Newtechnology重点词组：l.lendsb.sth.借给某人某物；.playback播放；.waitfor等待;.connect...to/with连接；.turnon打开（电器）；.takephotos拍照；.pickupsth.拿起某物（如果有代词的话则放在中间pickitup）;.bitesb.onthehand咬某人的手；.keepcool保持冷静；10.showpicturestothedoctor展示照片给医生看；11.thebestresult最好的结果;.getthenews得到消息；.followtheseinstructions遵照这些说明；.findout查明；.saveyourlife挽救你的生命；afewdaysago几天前；climboutof从…里爬出来；holdonto坚持；onholiday在度假；sendpersonalpostcard发送私人贺卡across/over/through;advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事；get/bereadyto（do）sth.准备（做）某事=get/bereadyforsth.;haveto不得不；dowith处置，对待Whatwillyoudowiththisphoto?你会怎么处理这张照片？Wherever无论什么地方语法点：if引导的条件状语从句“如果，假如”Module5Problems重点词组：Refusetodosth.拒绝做某事；choosethebest选择最好的；thelastpractice最后的练习；warnsb.of/aboutsth.提醒/警告某人注意某事；warnsb.nottodosth.警告某人不要做某事；punishsb.惩罚某人；gowrong出错；feelbad感觉不好；beangrywith对某人生气alltogether一起；keepmybestfriend留住我最好的朋友；tellsb.thetruth告诉某人真相；makequitesure确保；offertodosth.主动提出做某事；afterall毕竟；helpsb.withsth.在某方面帮助某人；personalproblems私人问题；attheendof在…尽头，在…结束时sovs.such;takeoff起飞，脱下，拿走；stealsth.fromsb./someplace从某人/某地偷走东西；alone形容词和副词/lonely形容词；beproudof为…感到自豪/骄傲，makeamistake/makemistakes犯错误；atleast至少atmost至多；注意enough的位置名词之前，形容词之后enoughfood/carefulenough;insteadof取代；letsb.dosth.让某人做某事交际用语：Whatapity!/Whatashame!/I’msorrytohearthat./Takeiteasy./Ifeelsorryfor.../Ihopeitisnothingserious./IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?/Ratheryouthanme!你行，我可不行！（wouldrather.than宁愿…而不愿）语法点：If引导的条件状语从句（二）If...+现在时动词…,主语+will/should/shall/can/may+动词原形**主将从现**Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.总结If引导的条件状语从句：一、了解if引导的条件状语从句的含义if为连词，意为“如果”，用来引导条件状语从句。由它引导的条件状语从句表示假如有从句的动作发生,就会有主句中的动作发生。例如：Ifyouwanttoturnontherecorder,pressthebluebutton.如果你想打开录音机,就按蓝色的键。Ifyouinvitehim,hewillcome.如果你邀请他，他会来的。二、掌握if引导的条件状语从句的用途.谈论可能出现的情况。例如：Ifitisfine,wewillgooutforawalk.如果天气好,我们就出去散步。.谈论可预测的、反复出现的情况。例如：IfI'mhungry,Iwilleatsomebread.如果我饿了，我会吃些面包。友情提示:此句式也可与用when引导的时间状语从句互换。即:WhenIamhungry,Iwilleatsomebread.当我饥饿的时候,我将吃些面包。三、明确if引导的条件状语从句的结构.当条件状语从句表示可能出现的情况时,从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句常用一般将来时。例如：Ifyoudon'ttakeataxi,you?llmissyourtrain.如果你不乘出租车，你会误了火车的。.从句式上看,if从句可放在主句前或主句后。从句置于主句前,须用逗号与主句隔开，反之，则不用逗号。例如：Ifit'ssunny,wewillgoouttomorrow.=Wewillgoouttomorrowifit'ssunny.如果明天天晴,我们就出去。四、注意一些句式之间的转换.不定式短语与条件状语从句之间的转换。例如：Itwillbeagreatmistaketowaitanotherweek.fItwillbeagreatmistakeifwewaitanotherweek.再等一个星期是个极大的错误。.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构，其中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。注意，如果是用or连接，那么if引导的条件状语从句要用否定形式;如果是用and连接,则用肯定形式。例如：Hurryup,orwe'llmissourtrain.fIfwedon'thurryup,we?llmissourtrain.如果不赶快的话,我们就会误了火车。Workhardandyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.fIfyouworkhard,you?llcatchupwithyourclassmates.如果你努力学习的话，你会赶上你的同学们的。【注意】1.if引导的条件状语从句中如果用了will,那这个will是个情态动词，表示意愿。例如：Ifyouwillhelpme,I'lltrytofinishit.如果你愿意帮助我,我将尽力完成。.如果主句要表达的程度达不到使用will的程度，可用别的情态动词来表达。例如：Ifitdoesn,traintomorrow,wecangotothepark.如果明天不下雨,我们就可以去公园了。【练一练】I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。IfI(notunderstand),I(ask)theteacherforhelp.Mary(study)Chinesenextyearifshe(have)time.IfI'mfree,I(go)tothemovieswithyou.What(happen)ifMrLiu(benot)friendlytome?I(be)happyifI(pass)myexam.They(go)hikingifit(notsnow)tomorrow.Ifyou(become)adriver,you(be)abletomakealiving.Please(call)meifyou(be)athome.Ifyou(finish)yourhomework,youmay(go)swimming.II.同义句转换，每空一词。Takeataxi,oryou'llmisstheclass.youataxi,you?llmisstheclass.Studyhard,andyouwillpassthetest.Ifyoustudyhard,youthetest.Wecan'tlivewithoutairorwater.Wecan'tlivethereisairwater.in.根据汉语意思，完成下列句子，每空一词。.如果你觉得很疲劳，请好好休息一下。Ifyouverytired,pleaseagoodrest..如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。Ifittomorrow,wetothepark..如果我有空，我希望去看望她。ItovisitherifIfree..如果你想去看电视，必须先完成作业。YouyourhomeworkfirstifyoutowatchTV.Key:1.don?tunderstand,willask2.willstudy,has3.willgo4.willhappen,isnot5.willbe,pass6.willgo,doesn'tsnow7.become,willbe8.call,are9.finish,go1.If,don?ttake2.willpass3.if,no,or1.feel/are,have/take2.doesn'train,willgo3.hope,am4.mustfinish,wantModule6Entertainment重点词组：l.talkabout谈论；2.someclosefriends一些亲密的朋友；.facetoface面对面；.comeout发行，出版；.advisesb.todosth.建议某人去做某事；.beproudof为...感到骄傲；.plentyof许多；.haveagreattime玩得开心；.gototheconcert去音乐会；.searchfor寻找；.lookafter照看；.sailaround绕着…航行;inone’sopinion在某人看来；.exceptfor除…之外，.beworriedabout担心；.fightwith/againstsb./sth.与…打架；.toomuch太多（修饰名词）toomuchwater太多水muchtoo（修饰形容词和副词）muchtooheavy太重了；.showsb.sth=showsth.tosb.给…看showmeyourticket,please,请出示车票。showsbaround带某人四处转转句型：Whatdoyouthinkofthismovie?你认为这部电影怎么样？Sheknowsthatshe’samongfriends.她知道她在朋友之中Whatkindofprogrammeisit?它是什么种类的节目？allkindsof各种各样的语法点：直接引语和间接引语Module7Timeoff重点词组：1.enjoy。门©5©件;享受.befamousfor…因为…而著名befamousas...作为…而著名；.asif好像；.wakesb.up叫醒某人；.hopetodosth.希望做某事;eavesb.alone把某人单独留下；.put…away把…收起来；.havesevendaysoff休息七天；.gobackinto回到…里面；.protect...from…保护…免受…；.bepopularwith受…的欢迎；.nationalpark国家公园；.thesecondlargestfreshwaterlake第二大淡水湖（the+序数词+最高级+单数名词表示"第几最”）；14.inthenorthof在…的北部（eastwestsouthnorth）;cross=goacross;whole注意位置，直接放在名词前thewholeworldall则放在修饰词的前面,allthesepeoplealltheclass;therestof+名词剩余部分，其余的；oneof 之一做主语时，注意要用第三人称单数OneofthestudentsisfromJapan.；wishsb.todosth.想要（某人）做某事；onaclearday在晴朗的一天welcomesb.tosomeplace欢迎某人来某地；句子：Icanhardlyhearthetrafficinthestreetsandnooneisshouting.我几乎听不到街上的车辆声，也没有人在大声喊叫。Hardly副词，”几乎不，几乎没有"noone/nobody/everyone/everybody都为第三人称单数语法点：直接引语间接引语（二）直接引语间接引语总结：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.fShesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”fHeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven'tyou?”mymotherasked.fMymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”fHeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"fSheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为〃tell(ask)sb(not)todosth.〃句型。“Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren.fShetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,“saidshe.fSheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）。”如:Hesaid,"Let’sgotothefilm.”fHesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.⑥直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"fShesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.⑦如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."fHetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.直接引语人称变化遵从一主二宾三不变一主：从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。eg：“Ihaveboughtanexpensivecar,“saidtheboss.fThebosssaidhehadboughtanexpensivecar.二宾：从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化。eg:Ioftentellhim,“YouaretheluckiestboyIhaveeverseen."fIoftentellhimheistheluckiestboyIhaveeverseen. "三不变：从句的第三人称不需要变化。直接引语注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理。②主句谓语为一般现在时，变间接引语时，若主句谓语时态不变仍为一般现在时，从句时态也不变。③直接引语是一般现在时，且表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning,“fHesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。④直接引语为谚语警句或名人名言时，时态不变。⑤直接引语为客观事实真理，时态不变，常考的有：Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光速比声速快。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。Themoongoesaroundtheearth.月球绕着地球转。Module8Publicholidays重点词组：l.publicholidays公共假日；2.onvacation度假；3.assoonas一…就…；4.makeaplan制订计划；5.inthesameway用相同的方式；ndifferentways用不同的方式；7.haveagoodtimedoingsth.做某事很开心；8.promisesb.todosth.向某人承诺做某事；9.saygoodbyetosth.向…道别；dependon依靠，取决于；not…until直到…才；NewYear’sEve除夕；countdown倒计时；14.allover到处；notall…不是所有的（部分否定）noneof（全部否定），celebratetheirNewYear庆祝他们的新年;plantodo计划做某事=planforsth.;becloseto与…接近closed关着的open开着的；shoutloudly大声喊叫shoutat/tosb.；colorthehair染发句型：It’stimetodosth.该到做某事的时候了Itfstimetoplaythepiano.该弹钢琴了。Bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事Heisbusycooking.他忙着做饭bebusywithsth.忙于某事Heisbusywithhishomework.语法点：状语从句（一）时间状语从句when,while,before/after,assoonas,（not）・・・until/till,since时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，而用现在时表将来（主将从现）例如：I'llcallyouassoonasIgettoNewYork./Iwilltellhimthetruthwhenhecomesback.Module9Heroes重点词组：imaginedoingsth.想象做某事；avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；continuedoing/todosth.继续做某事；takecareof照顾；performanoperation（onsb）.;（给某人）做手术6.inspiteof尽管,不顾；7.allone’slife一生，终生;8.onone’sown独立，单独；9.lookforwardtodoingsth.期盼做某事；10.giveone’slifetosth./doingsth.献身于（做）某事；11.withoutdoing…没做什么事；12.stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事；13.eventhough既使；14.inordertodo$坨.为了做某事；.trainsb.todosth.训练某人做某事；.both的位置.应放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前Myparentsarebothdoctors..也可放在名词前作定语Both(