形容词 副词 名词 课件【知识精讲+重点突破】高考英语语法复习专题

频繁善变——名词、形容词和副词

语

法

填

空1.(2020·高考浙江卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe___________(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.2.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Inthe18thand19thcenturies，____(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants，historicalobjectsandworksofart.3.(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)I'ma___________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.4.(2021.八省联考）A___________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.5.(2018全国卷I)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto 68 (strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),(一)名词[析考点·规律探秘]

seasonswealthyscientiststudent’sstrengthen[自主归纳]考向1名词单复数___________2词性转换___________3名词的所有格___________12,3,54名词-形容词、动词、名词[考点提炼]（1）普通名词在词尾-s

例如：river→rivers（2）词尾是-s，-x，-ch，-sh时，一般加-es；例如：bus→buseswatch→watches（3）词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为i，再加-es;例如：hobby→hobbies；enemy→enemies（4）复数形式有特殊变化的名词。1.名词复数例如：child→children；man→men;mouse→mice;oo--ee:toothgoosefoot;f/fe--ves:wifeknifewolfthiefshelfselflifehalfleafself

roofproofchief→直接加sum--a:mediumbacteriumon--a：criterionphenomenono后加es:herotomatopotato其他以o结尾加s某国人：--sGermanIndianAmericanCanadianman--menFrenchmanEnglishman（1）单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-’s。theboy'sschoolbagchildren’sbooks（2）以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s’或-es’。teachers'office2.名词所有格3.词性变换：名词--形容词person--personal

science--scientific

harm--harmful

adventure--adventurous

desire--desirable

convenience--convenient

friend--friendly

[解题规则]1.首先要分析该空的句子成分,再确定词性和词形,如果作表语/定语/宾补语，通常用形容词形式。(2020全国卷II)The69

(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.(2019全国卷II)Wearesoproudofher.Itis

70

(wonder).”(2019全国卷III)Theyalsoshared

withusmany67

(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere 68hugely

(huge)popular

withtourists.(2019浙江III)Schooluniformsare65

(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtoget

ridofthem.(2018全国卷II)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal

67

(globe)fertilizerconsumption.beautifulwonderfultraditionaltraditionalglobal(1)有these，those，several，many，all，both等词修饰时,用复数形式。2.分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式，当确定所填词是可数名词时，需要考虑其单复数问题。除了根据上下文语境之外，还可以通过以下信息判断：

(2018全国卷I)amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).(2017全国卷I)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity61asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)

(2017浙江)LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall 56 (carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.(2016全国卷I)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew 69 (day)withhissistercauseseffectscarrotsdays(2)如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式,则空格处应填名词复数形式。(2016全国卷II)Recent 66 (study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.studies(3)名词前有oneof时用名词复数形式。

I

had

made

arrangements

for

my

affairs

to

be

dealt

with

by

one

of

my___________(child)children3.分析句子成分后，如果作定语表示“……的”，

则一般考查名词的所有格(2021八省联考)A___________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.student’s

(二)形容词和副词[析考点·规律探秘]1.(2020·高考全国卷Ⅱ)___________(certain)duringtheholidayperiod，thisplantisamust.2.(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmoved___________(gentle)alongtheriver,hewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.3.(2020·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Oneday,theemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir___________(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.certainlyfinest4.(2017·高考全国卷I)Even

(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.5.Thefarsideof

themoonisofparticular64

(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeep

craters(环形山).worsegentlyinterest[自主归纳]考向对应题号1形容词、副词、名词的转换2形容词和副词的比较级或最高级1,2，53,4形容词----副词、名词[考点提炼]1.形容词变副词（1）一般情况下直接加-ly,例如：quick-quickly；（2）以-y结尾的,先将y改成i,再加-ly,如happy-happily；（3）大多数以e结尾的形容词直接加-ly:polite-politely,

wide-widely；

少数以e结尾的形容词,去掉e再加-ly:true-truly;

以le结尾的形容词把e-y:possible-possibly,comfortable-comfortably,terrible-terribly,simple-simply(4)词尾--ally的形容词，specific,energetic2.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级（1）一般的单音节词词尾直接加-er/-est:fast--faster--fastest（2）以e结尾的单词加-r/-st:wide--wider--widest（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er/-est:hot--hotter--hottest（4）以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er/-est:happy--happier--happiest（5）多音节词和少数双音节词，在前面加more/most构成比较级和最高级：expensive--moreexpensive--mostexpensive(6)不规则变化many/much--more--mostgood/well--better--bestlittle--less--leastbad/ill--worse--worstfar--farther/further--farthest/furthest3.形容词变名词interesting--interestaware--awarenessflexible-flexibilitycurious--curiosityvarious--variety[解题规则]1.修饰动词(短语)、介词(短语)、形容词、副词或整个句子时：

填副词.(2021浙江)But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandrural

peoplein

manycountrieshadnarrowed

63

(sharp).(2020全国卷II）66

(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantis

amust.(2020全国卷I）Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62

(extreme)

challenging.(2018全国卷II）Atasteformeatis63 (actual)behindthechange.sharplycertainlyextremelyactuallya填形容词或副词比较级的提示(1)比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even,far，any，alot，

alittle，agreatdeal，byfar，abit等。(2)提示词:than、其他句中对应单词(3)比较级句式2.所给词是形容词或副词，词性不需要变化时，多数情况

填比较级或最高级(2019全国卷I）...leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare 68(high)thantheyactuallyare.(2018全国卷I）Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears 61(long)thannon-runners.

(2018浙江）Therecouldbeaneven63(high)costonyourhealth.（2017全国卷I）Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.

（2016全国卷II）Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof61(great)andlessimportance.worsehigherlongerhighergreater

(2021新高考I）Thecolderthetemperaturegets,the______(hot)thespring!hotterb．填形容词或副词最高级的提示(1)三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示范围的标志词

有in，of，among等。(2)常见的最高级的修饰语：序数词，byfar，nearly，

almost等。(2018·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Thatmakesherbabyscream，andthena400­poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe___________(loud)ofall.loudest(2019全国卷III)Filledwith64 (curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.3.所给词为形容词，转换为名词。a.作主语以及及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词,(还要考虑一下是否可数

(2020山东)Historical 44 (accurate)isimportantbutsoisenvironment.b.在冠词/形容词/形容词性物主代词或“冠词+形容词”后，用名词形式。

Recognizingwhatyourbadeatinghabitsareisofgreat___________(important)incorrectingthebehavior.curiosityaccuracyimportance1．(2020·大庆模拟)Hunterisa___________(true)warmperson，believingthatpatientsneedmorethanadoctor.2．(2020·新余一模)Shortlyafterwards，hefoundthathehad___________(heavy)loadstocarryandharderworkinthebrick­field，andaskedforanotherchangeagain.3．Accordingtomanydeafpeopleallaroundtheworld，themost___________(practice)andpopularwayofcommunicatingiswithsignlanguage.trulyheavierpractical[题型巩固]4．(2020·合肥一中期末)Chinesescientistsrecentlyhadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery______________(care)mother.5．(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨六中模拟)Wefeltsafeforthenexthalfhoursowedecidedtogoeven___________(far)．6．(2020·长沙二模)Butthatdidn'tpreventtheboyfrombecomingoneofthe___________(great)composersofalltime.carefulfarthergr