高级英语第二册LESSON3课后答案6392

Questionsonappreciation:1.Speechesaregenerallyhighlyrhetorical.PointoutsomeofthedifferentrhetoricaldevicesKennedyemploystomakehisinauguraladdressasforcefulandimpressiveaspossible.2.Istheaddresswellorganized?Commentontheorderinwhichheaddressedthedifferentgroupsofnationsandpeople.3.CiteexamplestoshowthatKennedyisveryparticularandcarefulinhischoiceanduseofwords.4.Ishistoneandmessagesuitedtothedifferentgroupshead-dresses?Giveyourreasons.5.ThisinauguraladdressisregardedbymanyintheUnitedStatesasaclassicalspeech,andmanypassagesareoften,quoted.CouldyoupickoutsomepassageslikelytobequotedbyAmericans?Givereasonsforyourchoice.6.IsKennedy'sargumentandpersuasionbasedmainlyonfactsandlogicoronanappealtoemotions?Wouldthistypeofspeechbesuccessfulonalloccasions?III.Paraphrase：1.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissuearoundtheglobe(para2)2．Thismuchwepledge---andmore.(para5)

3．United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.(para5)4．…ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsofpeace(para10)5．…toenlargetheareaInwhichitswritmayrun(para10)6．…beforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfallhumanityInplannedoraccidentalself-destruction(para11)7．…yetbothracingtoalterthatuncertainbalanceofterrorthatstaysthehandofmankind’sfinalwar(para13)8．Soletusbeginanew,rememberingonbothsidesthatcivilityisnotasignofweakness(para14)9．Letbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscienceinsteadofitsterrors.(para17)10.…eachgenerationofAmericanshasbeensummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnationalloyalty(para21)11.Withagoodconscienceouronlysurereward,withhistorythefinaljudgeofourdeeds,letusgoforthtoleadthelandwelove(para27)V.Translateparas23-26intoChinese.IV.PracticewithWordsandExpressions(P.56-58)A.Lookupthedictionaryandexplainthemeaningoftheitali-cized

words:1.…thesamesolemnoathourforebearsprescribednearlyacenturyandthree-quartersago(para1)2.formanholdsinhismortalhandsthepower(para2)3.…disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace(para3)4.…towitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthesehumanrights(para3)5.…wedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder(para6)6.…tobereplacedbyafarmoreirontyranny(para7)7.strugglingtobreakthebondsofmassmisery(para8)8.…topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective…(para10)9.…toenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun(para10)10.…thatstaysthehandofmankind'sfinalwar(para13)11.…taptheoceandepths…(para17)14.…notasacalltobeararms...butacalltobeartheburden'ofalongtwilightstruggle…(para22)B.Discriminatethefollowinggroupsofsynonyms:1.mortal,fatal,deadly,lethal2.faithful,loyal,constant,staunch,resolute

C.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainmetaphors.Explaintheirmeaninginplain,non-figurativelanguage:1.…thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.(para7)2.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.(para9)3.Andleteveryotherpowerknowthatthishemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse.(para9)4.werenewourpledgeofsupport:topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective,tostrengthenitsshieldofthenewandtheweak…(para10)5.Andifcabeachheadofco-operationmaypushbackthejungleofsuspicion…(para19)6.Theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavorwilllightourcountryandallwhoserveit,andtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld.(para24)V.Translation(refertothetranslationofthetext)1.Kennedythinkstheworldisdifferentnowbecausemanhasmade

greatprogressinscienceandtechnologyandhasnotonlythepower(scientificfarming,speedytransportation,massproduction,etc.)toabolishpoverty,butalsothepower(missiles，H_bombs，etc．)todestroyallformsofhumanlife．Iagreewithhim．2．AccordingtoKennedy，thebeliefstillatissuearoundtheglobeisthebeliefthatallmanarecreatedequalandGodhasgiventhemcertaininalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercantakeawayfromthem．3．Kennedyconsidersasfriends：a)theoldalliesoftheU．S．，suchasBritain，Canada，Australia，NewZealandandthewesternEuropeancountries；b)thecountriesinSouthAmericaand；c)manyofthedevelopingcountriesinAsiaandAfricathatrelyonU．S．aid．Heconsidersallsocialistcountriesasfoes(allthattimethesocialistcampheadedbytheSovietUnion)andthosedevelopingcountriespreparingtotakethesocialistroad．4．Britain，Canada，Australia，NewZealand．andinawidersenseonemayalsoincludeFrance．5．ManynewnationswerebornafterWorldWarⅡ．especiallyinAfrica．In1960alone，justoneyearbeforeKennedy’sinauguralspeech，thefollowingcountriesinAfricadeclaredtheirindependence：TheRepublicofCentralAfrica，TheRepublicofChad，TheRepublicofDahomey，ThePeople’sRepublicoftheCongo，TheJabonRepublic，TheRepublicofGhana．etc．

6．ThepeoplewhoareinhutsandvillagesarethepoorpeopleinbackwarddevelopingcountriesinAfricaandAsia．(Studentgivecommentsontherestoftheanswer．)7．ThestatedpolicyofKennedytowardsLatinAmericaissummedupinthephrase“allianceforprogress”．Kennedypledgedtotakeconcretestepstoassistthesegovernmentsandpeopleincastingoffthechainsofpoverty．8．Kennedy’spolicytowards“hisadversary”isnegotiationfromapositionofstrength．TheU．S．mustfirstbestrongenoughtodeterheradversary．FromthisstrongpositionofabsolutemilitarysuperiorityKennedyproposesnegotiatingwiththesocialistcamp(ortheSovietUnion)onthefollowingproblems：a)armscontrol，b)cooperationinthefieldsofscience，technology，artsandcommerce，c)anewworldsystem．9．HecallsonhisfellowAmericanstomakenewsacrifices．todowhathiscountrycallsonhimtodo．Heshouldbepreparedtosacrificeeverything，evenhislifeifnecessary，todefendfreedom，towageconstantwaragainsttyranny，poverty，diseaseandwar．The“longtwilightstruggle”isnotahotwarbutaconstant，perseveringfightagainsttyranny，poverty，diseaseandthethreatofwar．10．ThereareprobablysomeexaggerationintheclaimthatfreedomwasinitshourofmaximumdangerwhenKennedyassumedoffice．However，itishistoricallyjustifiablethatKennedyassumedoffice

atatimewhenfreedomwasinamostcriticalhour．Thenewpresidenthadtofacemanydangersandcrises．Athome，freedomwasendangeredbythewitchhuntingcampaignagainstgovernmentworkersaccusedofbeingcommunistsstartedbySenatorMcCarthy．SoKennedymadehimselfastrongsupporterofcivilrights．Ⅲ．1．Therhetoricaldevices/figuresofspeechemployedincluded：parallelandbalancedstructures，repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases，andantitheses．2．Yes，theaddressiswellorganized．Kennedyaddressedhisoldfriendsfirstwithsweetestwordsandthenhisfoeswithsharpwords．Theorderisclearandappropriate．3．Inthishighlyrhetoricaladdress，therearemanyexamplestoshowthatKennedyisveryparticularandcarefulinhischoiceofanduseofwordsaswellashischoiceofsentencepatternsandstructures.Forexample,inthesentence"Tooursisterrepublicssouthofourborder,weofferaspecialpledge",theword"sister'isparticularlychosentoconnoteequalityandmutualgoodrelationsinhisattempttoallay减轻；使平静thetraditionalfearsthesecountrieshaveoftheirpowerfulbigbrotherinthenorth.Andinthesentence"Finally,tothosenationswhowouldmakethemselvesouradversary,weoffernotapledgebutarequest",thephrase"wouldmakethemselvesouradversary"isagaincleverlychosentothrowtheblameforconfrontationandworldtensionontheotherparty,ItsuggeststhattheUnitedStateshasdonenothingtocreateenemies.ItistheothersidethatischallengingtheU.S.,andthelatterisforcedtotakethechallengealthoughitreallywantspeace.4.Kennedycarefullymadehistoneandmessagesuitedtothedifferentgroupsheaddresses.Inhisaddressthereisproclaimedloyaltytooldalliestosustainunity,assuredhelpandsupporttominorfriendstokeepthemcloselytiedtotheU.S.,warningadvicetonewbornstomakethemover,andveiledthreat,warningandadvicetotheenemycamptocheckambitionsonthepartoftheenemies.5.Amongthepassagesmostlikelytobequoted:maybe"weshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty",asthisisnotonlyacarefullythoughtout,well-balancedsentenceeasytorememberandelegantlypleasanttoreadaloud,butalsoasentencethatbestexpressestheproudfeelingsoftheAmericansastheself-appointedleaderofthe"freedemocracies".Kennedy'scallforAmericansto"asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry"isalsoveryoftenquotedbecauseitrepresentstheenterprisingspirit进取精神；创业精神oftheAmericansofwhichKennedyisabestexample.6.Kennedy'sargumentandpersuasionisbasedmainlyonemotionalappealratherthanfacts.Thistypeofspeechwouldnotbesuccessfulonalloccasions.Itcanbesuccessfulonlywhentheaudienceisalreadyexcitedanddoesnothavemuchtimetothinkorwhentheaudienceisalreadysusceptibletothemessageofthespeaker.III.(P.56)1.OurancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartomaintainthatallmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadgiventhemcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.Buttodaythisissuehasnotyetbeendecidedinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.2.Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.3.Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinagreatnumberofjointundertakings.4.TheUnitedNationsisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedtheinstrumentsofpeace.5.WepledgetohelptheUnitedNationsenlargetheareainwhichitsauthorityandmandate授权；命令，指令wouldcontinuetobeineffectorinforce.6.beforetheterribleforcesofdestruction,whichsciencecannowrelease,overwhelmmankind;beforethisself-destruction,whichmaybeplannedorbroughtaboutbyanaccident,takesplace7.Yetbothgroupsofnationsaretryingtochangeasquicklyaspossiblethisuncertainbalanceofterriblemilitarypowerwhichrestrainseachgroupfromlaunchingmankind'sfinalwar.8.Soletusstartonceagain(todiscussandnegotiate)andletusrememberthatbeingpoliteisnotasignofweakness.•9.Letbothsidestrytocallforth唤起；使起作用thewonderfulthingsthatsciencecandoformankindinsteadofthefrightfulthingsitcando.10.Americansofeverygenerationhavebeencalledupontoprovetheirloyaltytotheircountry(byfightinganddyingfortheircountry'scause).11.Lethistoryfinallyjudgewhetherwehavedoneourtaskwellornot,butoursurerewardwillbeagoodconscienceforwewillhaveworkedsincerelyandtothebestofourability.IV.(P.56)A.1.prescribe:setdownorimpose2.mortal:ofman(asabeingwhomusteventuallydie)3.disciplined:receivedtrainingthatdevelopedself-controlandcharacter4.undoing:abolishing5.atodds:indisagreement;quarreling6.iron:cruel;merciless7.bonds:chains;fetters束缚；枷锁8.invective:aviolentverbalattack;strongcriticism,insults,curses,etc.9.run：continueineffectorforce10．stays：restrains11．tap：drawuponormakeuseof12．bear：takeon；sustainB．1．fatal可用来指一切已经造成死亡或者可能导致死亡的事物(不能指人)，侧重于其不可避免性。如anillnesswhichmightnotbeseriousforayoungperson．butwhichwillalmostcertainlyprovefataltotheoldlady(一种对于年轻人来说也许并不严重，但对于一个老太婆来说却无疑是致命的病症)。deadly在表示“必然致命”这一点上与fatal完全相同，可互换使用。但deadly还有一种为fatal所没有的用法，它可以指一个欲置他人于死地的人。如：Themurderedmanhadmanydeadlyenemies．(被害者有很多不共戴天的死敌。mortal像deadly一样，可以指能置人于死的人或物。如：Becauseofanancientfamilyfeud争执，thetwocousinshadbeenmortalenemiesfrombirth．用于时，mortal之不同于fatal及deadly之处在于它往往只在已有提。如：Hewasstruckdownbyamortalblow不和；指物及死亡发生的前文后使用uponthehead．(他的死是由于头上受了致命一击)。lethal致命的，致死的指的是某物质因其构成成分中含有毒素而定可造成死亡，而且其物存在的目的即是为了致人于死地。如：Cyanideisalethalpoison．(氰化物是一种致命的毒药。)除l