概要写作-第2讲-问题解决型

第2讲•论说类文章之问题解决型【类型特点】该类文章往往针对某一现象产生额问题提出解决方案。【典型结构&内容要点】文本结构内容要点说明第一部分呈现问题问题的具体内容或表现问题的内容（+问题的意义）第二部分分析原因或人们对此的反应各主要原因及展开说明关键原因（可能没有）第三部分解决方案各解决方案及具体内容解决方案第四部分总结总结评述总结（可能没有）【概要写作步骤】结合上表所示此类文章的基本结构，将文章内容划分清楚；找出各部分的内容要点；撰写概要，包括：第一部分：问题的关键内容；第二部分（如有）：问题产生的原因及展开说明的关键信息；第三部分：各个解决方案的具体内容及展开说明的关键信息；第四部分（如有）：关键性总结。用精炼的语言连接、润色各部分。检查。【例题解析】HowtoDealwithPressuresatSchoolAsahighschoolstudent,ifyouarefeelingstressedoutorfrustrated（沮丧的）byteachers,classmates,orschoolwork,itisimportanttoknowthatyouaren'ttheonlyone.Believeitornot,everyonehasthesefeelingsatsomepointandeveryoneshouldlearnhowtodealwiththemproperly.Firstofall,youneedtokeepapositiveattitudeandnottakethingstoheart.Thatsomeonegotabettergradethanyoudoesn'tmeanthattheyaresmarter-perhapstheystudiedlongerorknewthematerialmore.It'seasytobecomefrustratedifyouarenotdoingaswellasyourfriends,butbeingoptimisticwillhelpyoudealwithfuturesimilarsituations.Secondly,ifstudentsatschoolarebullying（欺侮）you,don'tletthemmakeyoufeelthatyouarenotgoodenough.Theyaresimplyinsecureanddonotknowhowtodealwiththepressuresofschool.Theyarejusttryingtomakeothersfeelbad,sotheycanfeelbetteraboutthemselves.Soit’sofimportancetoknowwhentostandupforyourself.Lastly,itisnecessarytokeepthingsinperspective.Foranysituationthatisstressful,takeasecondlookfromadifferentpointofview.WhenIlookbacktothefrustrationsofmyhighschooldays,Inoticethatmanyofthemseemveryunimportanttomenow.It'snoteasytobeconfidentwhentherearesomanystudentswhoseemlikethey“haveitall”,buttrytorealizethatyou,too,aregoodenough.It'snotacompetitionaboutwhoissmarter,morepopular.ormorebeautiful-everyoneisdifferent-soembraceyourindividuality（个性）.HowtoDealwithPressuresatSchoolAsahighschoolstudent,ifyouarefeelingstressedoutorfrustrated（沮丧的）byteachers,classmates,orschoolwork,itisimportanttoknowthatyouaren'ttheonlyone.Believeitornot,everyonehasthesefeelingsatsomepointandeveryoneshouldlearnhowtodealwiththemproperly.Firstofall,youneedtokeepapositiveattitudeandnottakethingstoheart.Thatsomeonegotabettergradethanyoudoesn'tmeanthattheyaresmarter-perhapstheystudiedlongerorknewthematerialmore.It'seasytobecomefrustratedifyouarenotdoingaswellasyourfriends,butbeingoptimisticwillhelpyoudealwithfuturesimilarsituations.Secondly,ifstudentsatschoolarebullying（欺侮）you,don'tletthemmakeyoufeelthatyouarenotgoodenough.Theyaresimplyinsecureanddonotknowhowtodealwiththepressuresofschool.Theyarejusttryingtomakeothersfeelbad,sotheycanfeelbetteraboutthemselves.Soit'sofimportancetoknowwhentostandupforyourself.Lastly,itisnecessarytokeepthingsinperspective.Foranysituationthatisstressful,takeasecondlookfromadifferentpointofview.WhenIlookbacktothefrustrationsofmyhighschooldays,Inoticethatmanyofthemseemveryunimportanttomenow.It'snoteasytobeconfidentwhentherearesomanystudentswhoseemlikethey“haveitall”，buttrytorealizethatyou,too,aregoodenough.It'snotacompetitionaboutwhoissmarter,morepopular.ormorebeautiful-everyoneisdifferent-soembraceyourindividuality（个性）.【PossibleVersion】Everyhighschoolstudentfeelsfrustratedatschoolsometimesandit'snecessarytolearnhowtohandleit.Firstly,keepingoptimisticattitudesishelpfultoyourstudy.Secondly,ifyouarebullied,it’simportanttoknowwhentodefendyourselfinsteadoffeelingbad.Finally,it’snecessarytolookatstressfulsituationsinadifferentway.Sotrytoembraceyourindividualitybecauseyou’reequallygood./Sotrytobeconfidentbecauseyouareuniqueandequallygood.（2020嘉定一模）Mostofus--eventhoseatthetop--strugglewithpublic-speakinganxiety.WhenIaskmyclientswhatmakesthemnervous,invariablytheyrespondwiththesameanswers:“Idon’tlikebeingwatched”,“Idon’tliketheeyesonme”or“Idon’tlikebeinginthespotlight.”Tounderstandwhy,weneedtogowaybacktoprehistorictimes,whenhumansregardedeyeswatchingusasanexistentialthreat.Thoseeyeswerelikelypredators（肉食动物）andpeoplewereterrifiedofbeingeatenalive.Thebadnewsisthatourbrainshavetransferredtheancientfearofbeingwatchedintopublicspeaking.Inotherwords,public-speakinganxietyisinourDNA.Fortunately,thereisasolution:humangenerosity.Thekeytodisarmingourpanicbuttonistoturnthefocusawayfromourselvesandtowardhelpingtheaudience.Studieshaveshownthatanincreaseingenerosityindeedleadstoadecreaseinamygdala（扁桃腺）activity,whichisresponsibleforourpanicfeelinginthebrain.Whenwearekindtoothers,weovercomethesenseofbeingunderattackandstarttofeellessnervous.Admittedly,thisishardtodo.Butit’sabsolutelypossibletobecomeagenerousspeaker.Tobeginwith,whenyoustartpreparingforapresentation,themistakeyouoftenmakeisstartingwiththetopic.Instead,youshouldstartwiththeaudience.Identifytheaudience’sneeds,andcraftamessagethatspeaksdirectlytothoseneeds.Also,youarethemostnervousrightbeforeyouspeak.Thisisthemomentwhenyourbrainistellingyou,“Everyoneisjudgingme.”Butitisexactlythemomentwhenyoushouldrefocusyourbrain.Overtime,yourbrainwillbegintogetit,andyouwillbecomelessnervous.SocialMediaandTeens’Anxiety（2020青浦一模）Fromcyber-bullyingtocruelcomments,socialmediacanbealandmineforkids.Issuesparentsneverworriedaboutarenowariskformanyteens.Withkids’digitalwell-beingaconcern,researchersareexploringpotentiallinksbetweensocialmediaandtheriseinteensuiciderates,techaddiction,andlossofreal-lifesocialskills.Manyparentsarewondering:Issocialmediacausingmykidtohaveanxiety?It’saquestionthatworriedparents.Someresearchhasobservedarelationshipbetweensocialmediauseandanxietyinkids,butit’sdifficulttoknowifandwhensocialmediacausesanxietyorwhetherkidswhoareanxiousturntosocialmediaasawaytoseeksupport.Howkidsusesocialmediamatters,too.Socialcomparisonandfeedback-seekingbehaviorshavebeenassociatedwithdepressivesymptoms,whichoftenco-occurwithanxiety.Howcanparentskeepsocialmediaapositiveforkids?Seeingphotosofatriptothebeachyourfriendsdidn’tinviteyoutocanreallybeupsetting.Ifyourkidistiredofdigitaldrama,suggesttheytak