六年级下册英语讲义小升初专题语法专项之代词

小升初辅导讲义课题代词教学目标复习代词用法，掌握重难点人称代词、疑问代词、指示代词的用法。教学内容学习目标难点突破1.不定代词some一般用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。但有时说话人希望得到肯定的答案时，some也可以用于疑问句，如：Wouldyouliketodrinksomecoffee?2.few与little表示“几乎没有”，都含有否定的意思。few通常与可数名词连用，little与不可数名词连用。如：Therearefewbiscuitsinthebox.盒子里几乎没有饼干了。Thereislittlejuiceinthebottle.瓶子里几乎没有果汁了。3.afew与alittle表示“有一点”。afew通常与可数名词连用，alittle与不可数名词连用。如：Thereareafewtreesinthegarden.花园里有几棵树。Thereisalittlewaterintheglass.杯子里有一点水。认识代词认识代词一、人称代词1．人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：数人称主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hesheithimherit复数第一人称Weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。Sheissittinginabus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。Thispeniscan’twritewithit.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。单数代词：youandI;youandhe;heandI;you,heandI复数代词：weandthey;weandyou;youandthey;we,youandthey第三人称单数代词：heandshe*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词例，Whosecoatisthis?这是谁的上衣?It’shers.是她的。hers=hercoat*关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，myyourhisheritsourtheir不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的

“mine”外，其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“**自己”。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesIcandoitbymyself.我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f四、指示代词This(这个)-------these(这些)指近处的事物That(那个)-------these(那些)指远处的事物例，Thisisabook.这是本书。Thesearesomebooks.这些是书。Thatisacar.那是辆小汽车。Thosearesomecars.那些是小汽车。五.不定代词

不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1.some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary..Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.Thereisn'tanyorangeinthebottle.Haveyougotanytea?3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Ican'tseeany.Ifyouhavenomoney,I'lllendyousome.注意：与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相同。2.few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的区别1）用作形容词：含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词afew虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词alittle，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么I'mgoingtobuyafewapples.HecanspeakonlyalittleChinese.Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass.Hehasfewfriends.Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem.2）alittle和little也可以用作副词，alittle表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。I'malittlehungry.(修饰形容词hungry)Lethimsleepalittle.(修饰动词sleep)Mary,goalittlefaster,please.(修饰副词比较级)Shesleptverylittlelastnight.六.疑问代词

疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?（作主语）Whatisthat?(作表语)Whoseumbrellaisthis?(作定语)Whomareyouwaitingfor?(作宾语)自我测评Part11.朗读下列单词，分辨它们是人称代词（主格还是宾格）还是物主代词（名词性还是形容词性）usyou himtheymineourtheirme2.读出不属于一类的单词(1)they weshehim(2)meustheirher(3)myyoursherstheirs(4)it hersyoursours(5)thattheirsthosethis(6)somelittlewhosefewKeys:(1)him(2)their(3)my(4)it(5)theirs(6)whose3.根据听到的内容选择正确的人称代词he sheherwe youtheysheitIsheIwehe itshetheysheheKeys:(1)he(2)they(3)it(4)we(5)she(6)he4.听答句，选问句()(1)A.Whichisyourbicycle?B.Whereisyourbicycle?C.Whosebicycleisit?()(2)A.HowoldisKitty?B.Who'sKitty?C.WhatdoesKittydo?()(3)A.Whomadethecake?B.Whohasanicecake?C.Howdoesthecaketaste?()(4)A.Whatcolouristhesweet?B.Whatshapeisthesweet?C.Wheredidyoubuythesweet?()(5)A.Whattimedoyougotoschool?Whattimedoyouhavelunch?Whattimedoyougotobed?()(6)A.Whatdayisittoday?What'stheweatherliketoday?What'sthedatetoday?Keys:(1)A(2)C(3)A(4)B(5)C(6)B5.用适当的人称代词填空Mybagistooheavy.Canyouhelp ?Ihavetwoducklings. areverylovely.TomandMikearealwaysfriendly.Theirclassmateslike.ThisisLinda.Lookat .Shehastwobigeyes.WhereisMrJones? isintherestaurant. yournewshoes?No.Keys:(1)me(2)They(3)them(4)her(5)He(6)they6.用所给单词的适当形式填空(1)?(I)(2)Ourteachersarenotintheoffice.Whereare?(they)(3)Don'ttalkto .Heisdoinghomework.(he)(4)Itisn't cushion,itis.(you,she)(5) classroomisbiggerthan .(we,they)(6)Thisisn't uniform,it's .(I,he)Keys:(1)me(2)they(3)him,his(4)your,hers(5)Our,theirs(6)my,his7.选择填空 ()(1)Idon'tlikethebigstrawberries.Ilikethosesmall.A.oneB.ones C.one's()(2)Mikeoftenhaslunchwith.A.meB.IC.we()(3)Arethere breadontheplate?No,therearen'tA.any...any B.some...any C.any...some()(4)Ihaveacat. tailislong. A.It's B.Its C.It()(5)Thereare flowersinthegarden.A.many B.any C.much()(6)ThisisJerry. ismycousin.A.SheB.Him C.He()(7) lunchboxesarethose?They're .A.Whose...theirsB.Who...theirC.Whose...her()(8)Isthere teainthebottle?No,thereis waterinit.A.any...afew B.some...many C.any...alittleKeys:(1)B(2)A(3)A(4)B(5)A(6)C(7)A(8)C8.用适当的疑问代词填空(1) Gameboyisthat?It'sTom's.(2) isthatlady?She'sourartteacher.(3) areyoudoing?I'mmakingapaperboat.(4) scarfdoyoulike?Iliketheorangeone.(5)classareyouin?I'minClasstwo,Gradefive.(6) arethese?Theyarelizards.Keys:(1)Whose(2)Who(3)What(4)Which(5)Which(6)What趣味阅读Whatwouldyousay?MikelikestodrinkCokeverymuch.Todayhismothertakeshimtothepark.MotherbuyssomeCokesforhim.Ontheirwayhome,theymeetJackandJack'smother.JackisMike'sneighbour.Andtheyarefriends,too.Bothofthemaresixyearsold.Theyoftenplaytogetherafterschool.JacklikestodrinkCoke,too.MiketakesoutaCokeandsays,"Jack,it'sforyou."JackholdstheCokeandsmiles."WhatwouldyousaytoMike,Jack?"SaysJack'smother.JacklooksattheCokeandsays,"Pleasegivemeastraw."( )(1)MikeisJack's .A.classmateB.brotherC.friend()(2)Jackis yearsold.A.sixB.seven C.five( )(3)MikegivesJacka .A.strawB.CokeC.book( )(4)JackgetsaCoke.Heshouldsay" ".A.givemeastrawB.Idon'twantitC.thankyouKeys:(1)C(2)A(3)B(4)CPart2Ⅰ.Readandwrite.(按要求写单词)1.we(宾格) I(宾格) 3.she(宾格) many(同义词) 5.he(名词性物主代词) him(主格) 7.this(复数) you(主格) 9.they(单数) you(名词性物主代词) 11.it(形容词性物主代词) those(单数)Keys:1.us2.me3.her4.much(alotof)5.his6.he7.these8.you9.he(she,it)10.yours11.its12.thatⅡ.Lookandfind.(找出不同类的单词)( B.her I( ( )3.A.our ( )4.A.them ( B.its Keys: 1.B2.B3.C4.D5.BⅢ.Readandwrite.(用所给单词的适当形式填空) (he). (I) (we)havesomehotdogs. (it) (they)English. Thereis (many)paperonthechair. (who)istheparrot?It's (Bob). Thisismycousin.Youcancall (she)Alice. (I)abowlandafork,please. (they)wayhome,theyfoundalostdog.MayIhave (any)tea?Hereyouare.Keys:1.his2.Their3.Mine4.us5.Its6.them7.much8.Whose,Bob's9.her10.me11.their12.someIV.Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，将字母代号写在括号内)( )1.I'vegotmanytoys. thetoysaresuper.A.All B.Both C.Some( )2.Afriendof camehereyesterday.A.my B.his C.him( )3.Mostof likeChinesefood.A.they B.their C.them( )4.Howfast runs|A.we B.him C.he( )5. crayonsareyours,Tom?Thenewones.A.Whose B.What C.Which( )6.Isthis doll,Jim?No,it's your...myB. your...herC. my...your( )7.IlikeS.H.E.verymuch. songsaresuper.A.Their B.My C.Her( )8.Arethere cakesinthefridge,Mum?No,therearen't . some...anyB. any...anyC. any...much()9.Idon'tlikethegreenapples.Ilikethered .A.apple B.one C.ones( )10. classroomisbiggerthan . Our...theirsB. Their...ourC.his...herKeys:1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.A8.B9.C10.AV. Fillintheblanks.(用疑问词填空) pineappledoyoulike?Thebigone. haydoestheelephanteat?10kilos. isthatladyinblack?She'sadentist. kitesarethese?Sam's. isthenewuniform?Mine. iscleaningthelibra