研究生英语学位考试2013年1月真题及答案详解

2013年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案详解A卷PartIListeningComprehension(25minutes,20points)SectionA(1pointeach)1.AThemanshouldn’tcarewhatSandrasaid.BThemanshouldn’tlistentoSandra.CThemanshouldtalkopenlywithSandra.DThemanshouldgetbackhomeearly.2.AAbossandanemployee.BAlawyerandaclient.CAshopassistantandacustomerDAbusdriverandapassenger.3.AThewomanhelpedtodopartoftheexperiment.BThewomanproposedsomegoodideasintheexperiment.CThewomanwasgratefulforthesuccessoftheexperiment.DThewomanrecommendedsomeusefulbooksfortheexperiment.3.AItisveryneat.BItisamessCItisverypleasant.DItisahell.4.AHegotthecameraataverylowprice.BThecameraisveryexpensive.CThecameraisworthnothing.DHedoesnotlikethecamera.5.ABecauseitprovidesfreeservice.BBecauseitisthebeststoreofitskind.CBecauseithasgreatvarietyofgoods.DBecauseithashighqualitygoodsthere.6.ABecauseheisgoingtofindanewjob.BBecausehehastoworkovertimeintheoffice.CBecauseheisgoingtomovetoanewtown.DBecausehisjobistoodemandingforhim.7.ABecauseheisveryinspiring.BBecauseheisverybrave.CBecausehemadesomegreatachievements.DBecauseheisasuccessfulruler.8.AHeisverysternwithhisemployees.BHeworksveryhardhimself.CHeisverysatisfiedwithhisemployees.1DHemakesexcessivedemandsonhisemployees.SectionB(1pointeach)9.ABecausehismotherwantedhimtolearn.BBecausehepreferredtheviolintothepiano.CBecauseheheardafriendofhisplayit.DBecausehethoughttheviolinwasforclassicalmusic.10.AHejoinedtheArmyOrchestra.BHestoppedplayingtheviolin.CHeplayedmorethan100concertsayear.DHeplayedclassicalmusicforAmericansoldiers.12.AEveryoneneedsmusic.CChildrenlovemusicmorethanadults.civilization.BPeoplearebornmusical.DMusicistheproductofhuman13.AIndevelopedcountries.BIndevelopingcountriesCInEuropeancountriesDInAsiancountries.14.ATheyteachandconveyculturalvaluesinschools.BTheyworkasvolunteersindevelopingcountries.CTheyhelptakecareoftheAIDSpatients.DTheytakecareoftheirowngrandchildrenathome.15.ATheycannolongerperformtheirjobswell.BTheydon’twanttoworkanylonger.CTheyhavetogiveuptheirjobstoyoungsters.DNobosswouldliketohireolderemployees.SectionC(1pointeach)16.SamMaloofisthebest-known________ofhand-madefurniture.17.AccordingtoSamMaloof,asuccessfulchairortablecontainssomethingof_____________________18.Wherearethe65piecesofMr.Maloof’sfurnitureshown?19.WhatdidPeopleMagazinecallSamMaloofin1968?20.HowmuchdoesapieceofMaloof’sfurniturecosttoday?PartII.Vocabular(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)21.Thefocusonprofitabilitypushesthesystemsunreasonablylarge,renderingthemmorevulnerabletoterroristattacks.AdeclaringBverifyingCmakingDindicating22.The8.5-tonShenzhouIIIspaceshiphasbeensubstantiallyimprovedintermsofthelife-supportsystems.AtechnologicallyBconsiderablyCstructurallyDinternally23.AccordingtotheAmericanjudicialsystemtwelvepeopleconstituteajury.2AcomposeBoverthrowCdisposeDsurpass24.Withsomanytrivialmatterstoattendto,hecanhardlygetdowntoreadingforthetest.AparticipateinBcatertoCindulgeinDseeto25.Thedecentlydressedsonandthehumble-lookingfatherformedastrikingcontrast.AastonishingBhumiliatingCnoticeableDfleeting.26.NowadaysthepreventionagainstSARShasassumednewsignificanceandattractedmuchattention.AcarriedonBtakenonCworkedonDembarkedon27.Attheeconomicforum,eachspeechbyadistinguishedguesthastobetranslatedsimultaneously.AonceinawhileBatthesametimeCinabroadsenseDassoonaspossible.28.Studiesoftheroleofpositivethinkinginourdailyliveshaveyieldedinterestingresults.Aspecific=definiteBactiveCcreativeDconfident.29.ThistrainingcourseisintendedtoimprovethecompetenceofEnglishofthestaff.AproficiencyBgraspCefficiencyDcompetition30.Studentsaresupposedtosetasideenoughtimeforrecreationsandsports.AsetapartBleaveoutCgoaboutDputupSectionB(0.5pointeach)31.Someoftheoldcustomshascontinued____politenessalthoughtheyarenolongerthoughtaboutnow.AinthewayofBintheeyesofCinthefaceofDintheformof32.Oneofthechieffunctionsofslangwordsistoconsolidateone’s___AidentificationBspecificationCintroductionDsuperstition33.Giventheotherconstitutionalgroundselaboratedbythejustices,theassociation____thatschoolsshouldcontinuetotest,iftheysochoose.ApreserveBsafeguardsBmaintainsDconserves34.FindingoutinformationabouttheseuniversitieshasbecomeamazinglyeasyforanyonewiththeInternet____AentranceBadmissionCaccessDinvolvement35.Lackofexerciseaswellasunhealthydietaryhabitscanincreasetheriskof____AmobilityBmoralityCmaturityDmortality36.Onthisbridgemanysuicideattemptsare____;livescanbesaved.AimpulsiveBresponsiveCdestructiveDspeculative37.AbrahamLincolnwasbornonasmallfarmwheretheforestswere____bywildanimals.AresidedBinhabitedCsegregatedDexhibited38.Someteenagersaresocrazyaboutvideogamesastoplaythemmany3hours________,ifpossible.AonpurposeBonhand.ConcreditDonend39.Authoritiesofwildlifehavespentmillionsofdollarsontheprotectionofnature____AreservesBpreservativesCconservativesDreservations.40.TheyoungladyisMr.Smith’sstep-daughter,her____parentshavingdiedinanaccident.AecologicalBpsychologicalCphysiologicalDbiologicalPartIII.ClozeTest(10minutes,1pointeach)Nooneknowsforsurewhetherthetypeoftea(youdrink)makesadifferenceinhealth,butexpertssayallkindsofteasprobablyhavesomehealth41.Eachcontainshighlevelsofantioxidants(抗氧化剂),42affecttheprocessbywhichoxygeninteractswithasubstancetochangeitschemical43.But,theway(teaisprocessed)canchangeantioxidantlevels44colorandtaste.Greenteaismadebypickingtheleavesandquicklyheatingthemtostopoxidization.Greenteatypicallyhasa45,freshtaste.Blackteaisprocessedtofullyoxidizeandferment(发酵)theleavesandcreateastrongertaste.Someexpertssuggestthatthis46somevariationinhealtheffectsbetweenblackandgreenteas.Themorerarewhiteteaisconsideredthefinestofteasbecauseit47theyoungestbudsfromtheplants,whicharestillcoveredwithwhitishhairswhenthey’repicked.Whiteandgreenteashave48amountofcaffeine.Butevenblackteacontainonlyabouthalfasmuchcaffeineascoffee.Herbalteasaresomething49different.Theyaremadefromtheleaves,flowersorrootsofvariousplants.Herbalteascanvarywidely50theirhealtheffects.41.AadvantagesBbenefitsCmeritsCwhichCfragmentCasfarasCtenderDprofitsDwhenitDcompositionDasitwereDgentle42.Awhereit43.Aelements44.Aaswellas45.AfaintBthatBingredientsBasitisBmild46.Ajoinsin47.AcomposesofBmakesout48.Aless49.Aentirely50.AincaseofBhandsinCresultsinCmakesupCmoreDgivesinDconsistsofDthemostDirresistiblyBtheleastBinevitablyCenormouslyBinproportiontoCinexchangeforDintermsofPartIVReadingComprehension(45minutes,30points,1pinteach)PassageOneSingletons,referringtothosewholivealone,arebeingcomfortedbywell-meaningfriendsandfamilyandtoldthatnothavingapartnerisnottheendoftheworld.So,itwouldseemthattheycansay,yes,itisnot.Butno,infact,itistheend.4Agloomystudyhasjustbeenreleasedthatsaysthattheinternationaltrendtowardslivingaloneisputtinganunprecedentedstrainonourecosystem.Foranumberofreasonsrelationshipbreakdown,careerchoice,longerlifespans,smallerfamiliesthenumberofindividualhouseholdsisgrowing.Andthisisputtingintolerablepressureonnaturalresources,andacceleratingtheextinctionofendangeredplantandanimalspecies.Andthereisworsenews.Runningarefrigerator,television,cooker,plumbingsystemjustforselfishlittleyouisadisastrouswasteofresourcesonourover-populatedplanet.“Theefficiencyofresourceconsumption”isalothigherinhouseholdsoftwopeopleormore,simplybecausetheyshareeverything.Wellimaginethat.JustwhenyouthoughtlivingalonewasOK,youwouldfindthatallthetimeyouweretheenemyofmankind.EverytimeyouputthekettleonthestoveforacupofcoffeeyouweredestroyingMotherEarth.Indeed,itisnotjustyourmotherwhoisabitworriedbyyourcontinuingsinglestatusyouarelettingdowntheentirehumanracebynothavingaboyfriendorgirlfriend.Thetroubleisthatsocietyhasagroupinstinctandpeoplepanicandhitoutwhentheyseeotherpeoplequietlyrebellingandstrayingawayfromthe“standard”offamilyandcoupledom.Thesuggestionisthatsingledomshouldbeatbestatemporarystate.Unlessyouareassimilatedintoalargerunit,youcanneverbefullyfunctional.Try“communalliving.”Therearealltheseillustrationsofyoungattractivepeoplehavinga“greentime,”laughinglybumpingintoeachother.ItlookslikeanepisodeoftheTVseriesFriends.Andthemessageisclear:Togethernessisgood,solitudeisbad,andbeingsingleonyourownisnotallowed.51.Well-meaningfriendsandfamilymembersoftentellthosewholivealonethat_____Atheyshouldendtheirsingledomassoonaspossible.Btheyshouldlivetogetherwithothersingletons.Csingledomisanacceptablelife-style.Dsingledomcanshortenone’s-span.52.WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbethereasonfortheincreasingnumberofhouseholdsasmentionedinthepassage?AManypeoplegetdivorcedbecauseofunhappymarriage.BNowpeoplecanaffordtosupportahouseholdindividually.CSomepeoplehavetosacrificefamilylifefortheircareers.DManypeoplelivemuchlongerthanbefore.53.Theauthorthinkslivingaloneisdisastrousmainlybecausesingledomis_________Aharmfultopeople’slife.Bdestructivetoourecosystem.Cdangeroustoplantsandanimals.Dunworkableinoursociety554.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatsingletonsareusually_______Aself-reliantBself-consciousCself-sufficientDself-centered55.Whenseeingotherslivingalone,somepeoplepanicbecausetheythinksingledomis____AabnormalBdiversifiedCunimaginableDdisgusting56.Theauthorsuggeststhatsingletonsshould___________Afindboyfriendsorgirlfriends.Blivewiththeirparentsandotherfamilymembers.Clivetogetherandsharemorewiththeirfriends.DwatchmoreepisodesoftheTVseriesFriends.PassageTwoIn1999whenMiShelandCarlMeissnerdecidedtohavechildren,theytackledthenextbigissue;Shouldtheytrytohaveagirl?Itwasnosmallmatter.MiShel’sbrotherhadbecomeblindfromahereditaryconditioninhisearly20s,andtheMeissnershadlearnedthattheconditionisadisorderpassedfrommotherstosons.Iftheyhadaboy,hewouldhavea50percentchanceofhavingthecondition.Agirlwouldbeunaffected.TheBritishcouple’sinquiriesaboutsexselectionledthemtoVirginia,U.S.,whereanewsperm-separationtechnique,calledMicroSort,wasexperimentalatthetime.WhenMiShelbecamepregnantshegavebirthtoadaughter.Nowtheywilltrytohaveaseconddaughterusingthesametechnique.ThetechniquesseparatesspermintotwogroupsthosethatcarrytheX-chromosome(染色体)producingafemalebabyandthosethatcarrytheY-chromosomeproducingamalebaby.Thetechnologywasdevelopedin1990s,buttheopeningoflaboratoryinJanuary2003inCaliforniamarkedthecompany’sfirstexpansion.“Webelievethenumberofpeoplewhowantthistechnologyisgreaterthanthosewhohaveaccesstoit.”SaidKeithL.Blauer,thecompany’sclinicaldirector.Thisisnotonlyaseeminglyeffectivewaytoselectachild’sgender.Italsobringsahostofethicalandpracticalconsiderationsespeciallyforthemajorityoffamilieswhousethetechniquefornonmedicalreasons.Theclinicofferssexselectionfortwopurposes:tohelpcouplesavoidpassingonasex-linkedgeneticdiseaseandtoallowthosewhoalreadyhaveachildto“balance”theirfamilybyhavingababyoftheoppositesex.Blaucersaidthecompanyhashadanimpressivesuccessrate:91percentofthewomenwhobecomepregnantaftersortingforagirlaresuccessful,while76percentwhosortforaboyandgetpregnantaresuccessful.ThetechniqueseparatesspermbasedonthefactthattheXchromosomeislargerthantheYchromosome.Amachineisusedtodistinguishedthesizedifferencesandsortthespermaccordingly.657.WhydidMiShelandCarldecidenottohaveaboy?ABecausetheymightgivebirthtoablindbaby.BBecauseCarlmightpasshisfamily’sdiseasetohisson.CBecausetheboymightbecomeblindwhenhegrowsup.DBecausetheywantedadaughtertobalancetheirfamily.58.WhenMiShelgavebirthtoherfirstgirl,thenewsperm-separationtechnique____Ahadalreadybeenwell-developed.declaredsuccessful.BhadnotbeenCwasavailabletothosewhowantedit.acceptedinthemedicalworld.Dhadbeenwidely59.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sprimaryconcernregardingtheapplicationofthenewtechnology?ATheexpansionofthenewtechnologymaynotbringprofitstothecompanies.BMostpeoplewhousethetechnologywillnothaveababyastheywant.CTheeffectofthenewtechnologystillneedstobecarefullyexamined.DIncreasinguseofthetechnologymaydisturbthesexbalanceinthepopulation60.AccordingtoMr.Blauer,byusingthenewtechnology,______A91%ofthewomensuccessfullygivebirthtogirls.B76%ofthewomengetpregnantwithboys.Citismoresuccessfulforthosewhowanttohavegirls.Ditismoresuccessfulforthosewhowanttohaveboys.61.Thesperm-separationtechniqueisbasedonthefactthatthechromosomesresponsibleforbabies’sex_____AareofdifferentshapesBareofdifferentsizesCcanbeidentifiedDcanbereproduced62.Wecaninferfromthispassagethatthenewtechnology_________Amaynotguaranteepeopleadaughterorasonastheydesire.Bisusedbymostfamiliesfornonmedicalreasons.Chasbroughtaninsolubleethicaldilemmaformankind.Dwillleadtoalargerproportionaloffemalesinthepopulation.PassageThreeWithoutquestionthereareplentyofbargainstobehadatsalestimeparticularlyatthetop-qualityshopswhosereputationdependsonhavingonlythebestandnewestgoodsinstockeachseason.Theytend,forobviousreasons,tobethefashionorseasonalgoodswhichinduecoursebecomethebiggestbargains.Itistruethatsomegoodsarespeciallybroughtinforthesalesbutthesetoocanprovideexceptionalvalue.Amanufacturermayhavetheendofarangeleftinhishandsandbegladtosellthelotoffcheaplytoshops;orhemayhaveasurplusofacertainmaterialwhichheisgladtomakeupandgetridofcheaply;orhemaybe7preparedtoproduceaspeciallineatlowcostmerelytokeephisemployeesbusyduringslackperiod.Heislikelytohaveagoodmany“seconds”availableandiftheirdefectsaretriflingthesemaybeparticularlygoodbargains.Nevertheless,salesdoofferaspecialopportunityforsharppracticesandshoppersneedtobeextracritical.Forexamplethe“second”shouldbeclearlymarkedassuchandnotsoldasiftheywereperfect.Theterm“substandard,”incidentally,usuallyindicatesamoreseriousdefectthan“seconds.”Moreseriousisthehabitofmarkingthepricedownfromanallegedpreviouspricewhichisinfactfictitious.Mis-descriptionofthisandallotherkindsismuchpracticedbythemenwhorunone-daysalesofcarpetsinchurchhallsandthelike.AsthesellersleavethedistrictthedayafterthesalethereislittlepossibilityofredresInadvertisingsales,shopsmaysay“only100left”wheninfacttheyhaveplentymore;converselytheymaysay“10,000athalfprice”whenonlyafewareavailableatsuchadrasticreduction.Ifeverthewarning“letthebuyerbeware”werenecessaryitisduringsales.63.Whichkindofgoodscanbeamongthebestbargains?ACheapestgoodsBNewestgoodsCSeasonalgoodsDGoodsinstock64.ThesecondparagraphdealswithallofthefollowingtypesofgoodsEXCEPT____AsurplusgoodsBlow-costgoodsvaluedgoodsCtheendlotgoodsDexceptionally65.Inordertomaintainhisbusinessduringabadtime,amanufacturermay____Ahavehisgoodsproducedatlowcost.Bsellhisgoodsataverylowprice.Chavehisemployeessellhisgoods.goods.Dtrytoproducehighquality66.Thepassagesuggeststhat“seconds”____________Aareofbetterqualitythan“substandardgoods”goodbargains.BattractbuyersasparticularlyCaredefectivebutmarkedasperfect.defectsDaregoodswithserious67.Theword“redress”(theunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph)probablymeans____AdressingagainBchangeofaddressCcompensationforsomethingwrong.differentprices.Dsellingthesameproductat68.Duringsalesshoppersshould____Afindthebestbargainsateveryopportunity.Cbuythingsthatarenecessary.price.Bbewareofbeingcheated.Dpaymoreattentiontothe8PassageFourHowmanyoftoday’sailment,orevenillnesses,arepurelypsychological?Andhowfarcanthesebealleviatedbytheuseofdrugs?Forexampleapsychiatristconcernedmainlywiththeemotionalproblemsofoldpeoplemightimprovetheirstateofmindsomewhatbytheuseofanti-depressantsbuthewouldnotremovetherootcauseoftheirdepressionthefeelingofbeinguseless,oftenunwantedandhandicappedbyfailingphysicalpowers.Oneofthemostimportantcontroversiesinmedicinetodayishowfardoctors,andparticularlypsychologists,shoulddependontheuseofdrugsfor“curing”theirpatients.Itisnotmerelythatdrugsmayhavebeeninsufficientlytestedandmayrevealharmfulsideeffectsashappenedinthecaseofanti-sicknesspillsprescribedforexpectantmothersbuttheuneasinessofdoctorwhofeelthattheyaretreatingthesymptomsofadiseasewithoutremovingthediseaseitself.Ontheotherhand,somepsychiatristsarguethatinmanycasessuchaschronicdepressiveillnessitisimpossibletogetattherootoftheillnesswhilethepatientisinadepressedstate.Evenprolongedpsychiatriccaremayhavenonoticeableeffectwhereassomepeoplecanbeliftedoutofadepressionbytheuseofdrugswithinamatterofweeks.Thesedoctorsfeelnotonlythattheyhavenorighttowithholdsuchtreatment,butthattherootcauseofdepressioncanbetackledbetterwhenthepatienthimselffeelsbetter.Thiscontroversyisconcerned,however,withtheseriouspsychologicalillnesses.Itdoesnotsolvetheproblemofthosewhoseheadaches,indigestion,backache,etc.aredueto“nerves”.Commonlyabusyfamilydoctorwillascribethemtosomephysicalcauseandasamatterofroutineprescribeadrug.Onceagainthesymptomsarebeingcuredratherthanthediseaseitself.Itmaybetruetosay,asonedoctorsuggestedrecently,thatoverhalfofthecasesthatcometotheordinarydoctor’sattentionarenotpurelyphysicalailments.Ifthisisso,thesituationisseriousindeed.69.Theauthorthinksthatdrugsusedfortreatingpsychologicalills______Acouldbeineffectiveinsomecases.effects.Ccangreatlyalleviatetheillnesses.causes.BusuallyhaveharmfulsideDcanremovetheroot70.Thecontroversymentionedinthepassagefocuseson___Awhetherpsychologistsshouldusedrugstocuretheirpatients.Bhowpsychologistsshouldtreattheirpatients.Cthefactthatallofthedrugshaveharmfulsideeffects.Dtheextenttowhichdrugsshouldbeusedtofightpsychologicalillness.71.Thepassageindicatesthatpsychologists_____Afinditimpossibletoremoveapsychologicaldisease9Bfeeldissatisfiedattreatingtheirpatientswithdrugs.Cbelievethattherootcauseofadiseasecanbeignored.Dcandonothingifthepatientisinadepressedstate.72.Whentreatingpatientswithpsychologicalproblems,somedoctorsfeelthatthey____Aareatalossfortreatment.Bhavenorighttousedrugs.Chavetocuretheirpatientsbyanymeans.symptoms.Dshouldusedrugstotreatthe73.Afamilydoctorwouldnormallyconsideraheadacheorbackacheasaresultof____AamoreseriousdiseaseBsomeemotionalproblem.CaphysicaldisorderDprolongedwork74.Regardingthesituationofpsychologicalproblemstheauthorfeels____AconcernedBhopelessCsurprisedDdisappointedPassageFiveThosewhomaketherulesforfinancialinstitutionprobablyshouldtakeamodifiedoath.Theirpledgewouldbe:First,donoharm.Second,ifthereformsputbeforeme)areunclear,don’tapprovethem.CharlesMorrismaynothaveintendedhisnewbookMoney,Greed,andRisktocastsuchadimlightontheregulators,butitdoes.Infact,itmayserveasawake-upcallfortruebelieversinourcurrentregulatorystructure,mostofwhichwaserectedinthe1930sandmostofwhichMorrisseemstofavor,despitethestupidresultsithascaused.Morris,aformerChaseManhattanbankingexecutive,outlinesingreatdetail,againandagain,howregulators,lawmakers,firmsandmanyofthecustomersmarchedstraightintomortgage,currency,thrift(互相储蓄)andotherinvestmentdisasters.HisdiscussionofRegulationQ,anattemptbyCongressinthe1960storescueailingsavingsandloansbyregulatinginterestrates,revealsnotonlyCongressionaleconomicilliteracy,butalsothedeepharmsuchfoolishthinkingcandototherealeconomy.Aftersome260pageslistingthefoolishthingsofWallStreet,regulatorsandlawmakers,Morrisdrawssomepessimisticconclusions:“Oneconstantinallthecrisesisthattheregulatoryresponsescomeonlyafteracrisishitsitspeak.”Forexample,it“tooktheS&Lcrisisofthe1980stobringhonestaccountingtothrifts,anditwasn’tuntilthebankingsectorsufferedhugelossesinrealestateandforeignloansthatregulatorsbegantoenforcestrictcapitalstandards.”So,whatisthepointofregulation?Morris,whoisexcellentatrecountingtalesofregulationgonebad,assertsthatregulationisabsolutelynecessary,thatitistheessentialplumbinginoureconomichouse.Nevertheless,Mr.Morrisshouldhave10noticedthatplumbingrequiresplumbers,andwhileagoodonecankeepahousefunctional,arottenplumbercanturnaminordripintoaruinousflood.75.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith___ArecommendingMorris’snewbook.BcriticizingMorris’attitudetoregulations.Cdescribingcurrenteconomicsituations.Dcommentingonfinancialregulators.76.WhichofthefollowingistrueofMoney,GreedandRisk?AItdiscussestheimportanceofplumbinginkeepingahousefunctional.BItdescribesagreatnumberoffinancialdisastersindetail.CItanalysesthereasonsforregulatingthebankingindustry.DItemphasizestheflawsinthefinancialsystemofthe1930s.77.RegulationQ